Jean-Baptiste Moliere kaThixo "Don Giovanni": Isishwankathelo amaqhawe imisebenzi

Eyaziwa comedy, ebhalwe ngumbhali enkulu French Jean-Baptiste Moliere, "Don Giovanni" (jonga isishwankathelo ngezantsi), yaqala thaca kuluntu kwi-Paris Theatre "Palais Royal," Februwari 15, 1665. Kuphela ngoku ukuba akumangalisi elinesihlanu izimvo Moliere ndayisusayo yaba nkulu, nangaphezulu ngethuba ubomi inkosi ayenzelwanga kwaye ishicilelwe.

Moliere "Don Giovanni": Uhlalutyo imveliso ye

Kulo umdlalo, umbhali laqalisa umfanekiso impikiswano kukho igosa lakomkhulu yaseYurophu ohlala kuphela adventures zakhe yokubonisana kunye uloyiso. Igama lakhe ngu Don Juan. Heroes abangabasemisebenzini Moliere onke kunye ziquka ukonakala uphawu kuluntu lwanamhlanje, kodwa, Kakade ke, akukho yakutya elinomtsalane lwangaphandle kunye afanelwe ngamnye.

Ngenxa yoko, uTshawe engundoqo umdlalo - indoda ndiyazingca yaye tye, maxa wambi unesidima nangokunyaniseka. Ngumfanekiso Don Juan Moliere ayikho engagungqiyo ngokupheleleyo, yena akakholelwa kuThixo ngendelelo enkulu ngenxa yokuziphatha loluntu kunye neendlela zokuziphatha, usoloko ekulungele ukuba atshate nayiphi na intombi entle, waphumelela intliziyo yakhe.

Don Juan kunye umkhonzi wakhe Sganarelle usoloko qotho, kodwa zange uyamphulaphula uluvo lwakhe, kodwa ke banomdla. imbeko kunye nesibindi yeengcungcu bamnceda ngaphandle kokuthandabuza ukuba eme ekhusela utshaba lwabo - Don Carlos, owalwa nommangaleli wakhe bebambene nabathathu. Nabantu yemeko yentlalo ephantsi, yena akayi kuma kumsitho kwaye ukunika nangaliphi na ixesha ebusweni. Nokuba na; kuba yonke indalo yakhe yokubonisana yaye uyakuthanda Don Juan ngokukhawuleza ngokuthe ngcembe iya indlela eya esihogweni, ndiqinisekile Moliere.

Don Giovanni (oku kungqina uhlalutyo umsebenzi) wanxunguphala kakhulu kokufa komzimba, kunokuba ngokomoya. Yena uyaqonda ukuba lonke uluntu kudala zibandakanyeke esonweni. Kwaye ke uhanahaniso nje inceda abantu phambili, kunye neminqweno yabo, Musani ukuboyika ingqumbo yoluntu kunye kugwetywa.

Moliere "Don Juan": Isishwankathelo ngu isahluko

Inxalenye yokuqala isixelela ukuba Don Juan sele ndidiniwe umfazi wakhe, kak nguElvira, ngoku kwakhona ekufuneni omnye umfazi omhle ngubani na captivate intliziyo yakhe. It is hhayi waziva enetyala ngenxa yokuba wakha wafika kule dolophu, nto leyo efuna ukuba thumba naye ngoxa ngokubulala Umyaleli yakhe nesoka nobukhwele. Inkundla phambili kulo mlo, yaye ngoko Don Giovanni iye ungandivumeli isohlwayo ngenxa. Noko ke, ngokuqinisekileyo azilandelwa umthetho kaThixo. Le nyaniso uye udidekile umkhonzi wakhe Sganarelle, owayeyazi umfi kulo mzi ngokupheleleyo nezalamane kunye nabahlobo abaya kufuna ukuziphindezela umbulali.

inceku

Kwaye ngoko Moliere comedy "Don Juan" isixelela ukuba Sganarelle enzulwini umphefumlo wakhe, wacinga inkosi yakhe ukukhenkcisa kuTixo ngubani liqulunqe ngamandla kwakuthi bestial. Njengokuba wenzayo ngayo amabhinqa, oko ufanelwe sisohlwayo eliphezulu kwaye ukhohlakele.

Kak Elvira, ukuba yabiwa iindonga woonongendi, kananjalo badlula izibhambathiso, bathembela kuye ngokupheleleyo wagcina awakona kunye bamshiya. Waba ngumfazi wakhe, kodwa loo nto ayizange ayeke kuye adventures i "ekhohlo", watshata phantse zonke nyanga, yena ngokoqobo uyingcikivile Bhala engcwele.

tirade

umkhonzi wakhe wambi wafumana isibindi kummangalela umnini ukuziphatha ngokungafanelekanga yaye walumkisa ukuba izulu yokuqhula akuyomfuneko ngayo. Kodwa Don Juan kule nkalo belusoloko ngasekhohlo rants yokukhwabusha malunga ukwahluka ubuhle, akunakwenzeka ukubophelela ngokusisigxina ngokwabo ukuya kwenye ethile ukubonakaliswa, nokusukelana yayo mnandi ukuphumeza iinjongo nendlela ebuhlungu kwaye enesithukuthezi abaye baphumelela.

Ezi ngxelo ukusuka kwindawo ngokwenyama nje malunga nantoni na ingongoma, oko ihlukile Moliere. "Don Giovanni" (isishwankathelo) uhamba ukuba xa inkosi akukho mazwi ukuba baphendule umkhonzi wakhe wakhathazeka, yena nje wamsongela ukumbetha.

Elvira

Kak Elvira ayikwazanga ukuqonda nokwamkela ukuziphatha okunjalo indoda yakhe ongathembekanga, ngoko wagqiba ukufumana phandle siyafuna kuye ingcaciso. Waya emva kwakhe. Noko ke, akazange achaze nto kuye; kodwa waphinda wacebisa ukuba abuyele monastery yakhe. Kak Elvira ubunzima la mazwi ngokuthobeka, akazange aqalekise bazibeke indoda, bhayi kuphela waxela sisohlwayo sakhe kuza nobushushu ngaphezulu.

elinye ixhoba

Lo mxholo into ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo iza kuphuhlisa Moliere. Don Juan ngeli xesha bawasukela omnye ubuhle ngexesha uhambo isikhephe izicwangciso thumba, kodwa nesiphango ngesiquphe bantinga wazibhukuqa iphenyane lwabo Sganarelle. Ukuba unethamsanqa kakhulu, bawurholela elunxwemeni abalimi abazifumana kufutshane elunxwemeni.

Kodwa Don Juan wazeka ingozi njengoko ngokulula sengqondo kuyo yonke into eyenzekayo kuye. Yokungabi ukuya elunxwemeni ndiyitshise ngaphandle, ngoko nangoko waba nomdla umlimi oselula nangokudlalayo, uze emva koko amehlo akhe waza omnye, Piero umhlobo kusindiswa abakhe baphuma emanzini, nokuba kwaye yaqala woo yokuncoma nokuba qiniseka kakhulu ukuba qiniseka ukuba nditshate naye. Kwaye xa amantombazana ezimbini phambi kwakhe ngexesha elinye, yena ngomlomo aphothwe kangangokuba banela.

Elihloniphekileyo Sganarelle indulumbane ukuvula kweziyatha simpleton inyaniso yonke malunga umkhosi wakhe ngokunxaxha, kodwa ke inyaniso abanakufa, abanomdla.

ukuzingela

Emva koko i nakakhulu lwendaba azithe comedy yayo ngokuphawulekayo Jean-Baptiste Moliere. Don Juan (isishwankathelo esi siganeko ngokuqhubekayo) ngexesha ukudluliselwa la mantombazana ngesiquphe ubona umhlobo wakhe umphangi, usilumkisayo ukuba lonke kwisithili kumfuna mahashe elinambini.

Don Juan liqhinga, kwaye unikeza Tokwe exchange kunye umkhonzi Sganarelle, kunokuba aye labangela uvuyo ngokungaqhelekanga. Ke wanxiba ngubo zimbi, kodwa kancinci le ndlela yona kwasekuqaleni. Umnini amthi nabalimi, kwaye isicaka wayenxibe ugqirha yesinxibo, ngoko nangoko waqalisa ukuthetha malunga yemfaneleko enabizwa iziyobisi kumiselwe ngoogqirha, kodwa ke kancinane badlulela kwimibandela yokholo. Kodwa inkosi yakhe Osiek kwakhona ukuhlasela ngokuthi ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuthembela kabini ezimbini kuphela ngu ezine, yaye ezine amabini - anesibhozo.

Hi ndlela leyi, u inokufowunela iphedi quote kumazwi akhe, bekhalisa ngathi counterweight, kodwa hayi ingxabano, kule ngokukodwa kandziyisa Moliere. Don Juan, kunjalo, yaye zange ndicinge ngayo yonke into ukuba ukuze sibe okanye ukuyiphatha umphefumlo wakhe.

ukholo

Njengoko babehamba emahlathini, baye kweza kuye vagrant nguyen wacela penny nangobhedu, awababeka ngedinga ukuthandazela ebomini injinga wakhe. Don Juan waza wathetha ngendima yakhe eziqhelekileyo, umnikelo lo mngqibi igolide Louis d'okanye ukuba pobogohulstvuet. Kodwa kufuneka ahlawule irhafu umngqibi, wala ukwenza oko. Nnesmotrya oku, iqhawe yethu wamnika imali ezinkozo, waza bagaleleka ukunceda ngumphambukeli, ngubani na kwi efanayo xesha bahlaselwe ngamadoda amathathu axhobileyo ngamakrele kunye ngezinkempe. Kunye bakwazi atshitshise abahlaseli.

Emva koko, uphando incoko yabo, Don Juan waqonda ukuba lo umninawa Donna noElvira sitshate ngokusemthethweni. Kwenzeka ukuba emva Don Alonso - umzalwana wakhe, abo bonke kunye befuna mthetho eyingozi udade wabo, ngenjongo yeyam ngeentlungu zakhe. Don Carlos wayengazi umoni ebusweni, kodwa ngokukhawuleza ukunceda umzalwana wakhe Don Alonso wayesazi Don Juan. Yaye ekhwele kuye, kwaoko wayefuna kumvelela yena, kodwa Don Carlos wacela ukuba ukulibaziseka umbulelo, ukuwela amakrele kunye naye ngandlel kwelinye ixesha kunye kwenye indawo.

somfanekiso

Ngokubanzi, inkosi nomkhonzi baqhubeka nendlela yabo, xa ebona imoto isakhiwo ibhastile esihle, kwaye, besondela, embona kwingcwaba umphathi, owabulawa Don Juan. Ke ngaphezu kwayo kumi umfanekiso enkulu yomsebenzi yinzwakazi. Don Juan waba wayelwile elungileyo kwaye ngoncumo wabuza umkhonzi ukubuza ngqwayi, ukuba uthe akafuni namhlanje ukuba aye komulela kuye ekhayeni lakhe. Sganarelle safaka wabuza lo mbuzo intlekisa isikhumbuzo ngequbuliso wabona ukuba mfanekiso ngesiquphe wanqwala intloko yakhe. Ke Don Juan wagqiba ukuphinda isimemo, lo mfanekiso waza wanqwala.

isidlo

Loo gentleman sekuhlwile kwigumbi wakhe, nomkhonzi wakhe phantsi nomvakalelo womoya onamandla wayezama ukucacisa isiganeko banamhlanje akuthethi ukuqikelela nantoni na elungileyo, koko ivela njenge isilumkiso, nokuba bekuya kuba lixesha ukucinga kwakhona. Kodwa Don Juan wacela ukuba athule ngoko nangoko.

wathandana esibi ngezinga elikhulu kwidrama lakhe kukhulisa Moliere. Don Juan, njengoko kusenokuba, ingakumbi malunga nantoni na embi wawucinga. Sekuhlwile angonwabi gqitha yaye ayikwazanga isidlo tu. Okokuqala beza kuye iindwendwe ezahlukeneyo, kumniki, kubani ityala kakhulu, kodwa wabhenela yakucengacenga, wathi cwaka bamlandela. Ke uyise Don Luis. Wacaphuka kakhulu ukuziphatha engaphucukanga wonyana kunyeliswa waza wathetha memory of izinyanya, leyo embona izenzo zakhe ukusondela kuye. Don Juan gqitha ndagqobhoza ngamazwi akhe, noyise baya, bekulungile ukufa oobawo yokuqala, ngoko musa ekukruqulayo kubo oonyana abaziziyatha.

lady

Akekho umntu noyise ngumsindo ukuphuma endlwini ka-Don Juan, njengoko umkhonzi elandelayo ingxelo ukuba ufuna ukubona inenekazi kunye isigqubuthelo.

Kwaye ke kukhokelela ekupheleni kabuhlungu umsebenzi wakhe Moliere. Don Juan wabona ukuba beza kuye ukuze kuthi ndlela-ntle kak noElvira sitshate ngokusemthethweni. Ngenxa yothando, yeza kuye ngenxa ngexesha lokugqibela, aze acelwe ukuba nditshintsh 'ubomi bakhe, njengoko kwafunyaniswa ukuba izono umyeni wakhe sele enkulu kangangokuba alisilingene inceba wasezulwini. Yena abe, nokuba aphile ngayo sihlala ngaphezu ngemini, yaye oko bekuya kuba ngcono ku tirhisa namhla ukuba baguquke, ukuba emke isohlwayo enogonyamelo. Ukusuka la mazwi, Sganarelle ukukhala. Eli bhinqa ngasekhohlo. Don Juan, njengesiqhelo, akazange athathe nzulu amazwi akhe, kodwa kamsinya nje waqalisa iSidlo, ngequbuliso wabonakala kuye yeendwendwe - oqingqiweyo umphathi. Umnini ayithethi ndithule, bona ngokuzolileyo kudliwe, kwaye, eshiya lo mfanekiso ngoku wamcela xa ubuyela. Yaye wasamkela isimemo.

yokuzisola

Ngesakhiwo kuwo umoya ofanayo uye kwi Moliere. Ngosuku olulandelayo Don Juan wadibana noyise wakhe. To kak Luisa weva amarhe ukuba unyana wakhe baguqukile waza wagqiba ukuqala ubomi obutsha. Don Juan lwaqinisekisa ngenjongo yazo break elidlulileyo. Sganarelle wayonwabile nje nabani na, kodwa ke ngoko umnini wachazela kuye onke amazwi akhe inkohliso kuphela nohanahaniso - usekela yabantu nendlela ezinokuthi zibe lula ngokuphosakeleyo sidima, oko kusisono ukuba sinikezele.

Kwenzeka njani luncedo le uhanahaniso, umkhonzi wayeqinisekile ngokukhawuleza, xa wadibana Don Carlos, efunekayo xa abantu baqaphele umfazi kak noElvira sitshate ngokusemthethweni. Kodwa lowo wayebhekisela lingekatyhileki kuye ukuthanda wamazulu; ngokuba usindiso lwemiphefumlo zabo, eqinisekisa ukuba, ukuba bahlaziye umtshato wabo. Don Carlos wayindulula, kodwa wayibeka ekunene nangaliphi na ixesha umngeni ukuba Kungquzulwano, ukubeka ukucaca lokugqibela kulo mba.

imihlola

Kodwa hayi elide wahlala lilinyelise Don Juan, ibhekisela ilizwi livela phezulu. Izulu wamnika umqondiso niqondisise yomfazi ngesigqubuthelo, lona wenza menacingly, ukuba yashiya impela kancinane ukuba ndibhenele inceba kaThixo. KaMoya xesha sele indlela Ixesha kunye scythe esandleni sakhe, nto leyo ngoko nangoko wanyamalala.

Ke phambi oqingqiweyo ka-Don Juan yabonakala Commander, yena wolula isandla sakhe kuye, yena, naye, ngaphandle koloyiko Wasolula isandla sakhe waza nangoko ukutsha zakhe ezingabonakaliyo umlilo waza weva amazwi sibi le oqingqiweyo ka ukufa eyoyikekayo lowo bazitshitshisela inceba bamazulu.

Kwaza ngequbuliso ulwenze umhlaba wabaginya oko esihogweni sakhe. Ezininzi ukufa Don Juan ngesandla, ngoko kuphela Sganarelle imincili ngenxa yokuba ngoku akukho namnye uya ukuhlawula imivuzo.

Oko kunjalo ngenkohlakalo abulawe iqhawe lwabo Moliere. Don Giovanni, leyo ucaphula kwimisebenzi nehlekisayo, kodwa akubobulumko ukuba ukukratsha kakhulu Ngabasileyo, awusebenzeleyo zihlawulwe ngokupheleleyo.