"Shu Ching" - yintoni leyo?

"Shu Ching" - yinto umsebenzi mandulo Chinese, eyinxenye ye yokuqokelela odumileyo iincwadi ezintlanu, wadala yi-sobulumko odumileyo Confucius. Siqulathe iseti yamaxwebhu yamandulo kwimbali yeli lizwe. Kuye kwakhona ingcaciso malunga neentsomi karhulumente.

Ngesayensi, kukho imbono ukuba le nxalenye iye yaba yenye ixakayo nomxholo wayo njengoko ekuyileni nokuhlela kokubhaliweyo waba linye okukhulu phezu iinguqulelo ezindala kunye nezintsha yesixhobo source yantlandlolo, leyo kuthiwa ukungena ezokugqibela.

edition

"Shu Jing" iquka iinketho ezimbini bahluka mqulu. Ukuzotywa ingqokelela niqale BC ngenkulungwane yesi-2. e., xa ababhali baqalisa ukusebenza izinto zembali. Ngelo xesha wafumana iinguqulelo ezimbini izicatshulwa. Omnye iqulathe izahluko 58, enye - ukususela 28. Ngokutsho legend, owokuqala kwafunyaniswa emva kokutsha iincwadi yi umlawuli ashihe Huang. Okwesibini siye safumanisa kamva. Noko ke, abaphengululi mihla bakholelwa ukuba othembeke kakhulu bezicacisa uhlaziyo yakutshanje.

Inguqulelo bemveli ngexesha lokufunyanwa kolu xwebhu ithi: kopi kuqala eyafunyanwa kwikhaya Confucius, yaye emva kwexesha nokuba kulandelelwa phantsi kuluhlu lwesibini. Abanye abaphengululi bathi ukuba ingqokelela emidala yahluke gqitha ukusuka kuguqulelo "Shu Jing", obe doimperatorskom China. beza mbali kwesi sigqibo esekelwe kwi uthelekiso version yokugqibela kunye nengqokelela ngaphambili apho kukho inani elincinane ngokwentelekiso izikhombisi ukufumana lesikhumbuzo sifundo.

isiqulatho

Uninzi zobulumko Chinese ochaphazelekayo malunga nenkqubo efanelekileyo karhulumente. Kuye subordinated iimfuno zenkqubo yemfundo karhulumente kunye imfundo yolutsha, ngelo xesha elinye kwafuneka ukuba athathe kwizikhundla eziyimfuneko kulawulo. Ngoko ayimangalisi into yokuba omnye zodumo yembali yokubhala yaseTshayina malinikelwe kulo mba.

"Shu Jing" iqulathe amacandelo amane, ngokungqinelana ixesha elithile nembali. Isahluko sokugqibela yeyona eneenkcukacha kakhulu kwaye lula anobuphi, ngexa okunye uqulathe inani elikhulu anachronisms.

imibono

Sele wakhankanya into yokuba Confucius mhlawumbi wenza igalelo elibonakalayo kwi amaxwebhu isifundo. Abanye abaphandi ukubona yempembelelo abalandeli bakhe kwisicatshulwa umsebenzi. Kwakusenza iingcamango ezibe eziziimpawu zefilosofi izazinzulu.

iingcamango Political "Shu Jing" ebekwe kulawulo osisilumko yemveli Chinese inkqubo kaBiko nokuzukiswa. Isandi umbhalo mbono yentswelo wookhokho imbeko kunye nabasemagunyeni, kwakunye nobunye endalo kunye noluntu.

Enye sahluko idwelisa neempawu, ngokutsho Confucius, kufuneka ube ngumlawuli elumkileyo nje. Eli candelo ngokwahlukeneyo wabalaselisa Iikhrayitheriya zokuvavanya iimpawu zomntu. Bayazazisa kakhulu e-China yamandulo, njengoko iimpawu zomntu emiselwe ngowona laseburhulumenteni elizayo okanye igosa.

ipolitiki

"Shu Ching" - incwadi luhlobo isikhokelo kwimisebenzi elizayo tipolitiki. Kwisahluko omnye idwelisa izinto anazo ukusombulula kwindawo yokuqala. Ngokomthetho sithetha malunga neemfuno zentlalo yabemi: yokhuseleko lokutya, urhwebo, uphuhliso, ukukhathalela imibhiyozo yonqulo nemibingelelo.

Ukongeza, ukuba kubanjwe ingcamango imfuneko yokuphuhlisa imfundo noqeqesho. Zonke ezi zimvo zingasentla uphawu iimfundiso zikaConfucius. umsunguli wayo igxininisa ngezengqondo ehlabathini umntu wangaphakathi, apho kubonakala lesikhumbuzo.

Noko ke, le ngqokelela kwenziwa ngenjongo ebonakalayo: ukulungiselela abalawuli elizayo yenkokheli olumkileyo eli lizwe. Ngoko ke apha zefilosofi ezinxulumene imiyalelo engqalileyo kuba luncedo kubafundi.

namanye amaQumrhu

"Shu Ching" - incwadi yamabali okwahlutywa iimfuno ezisisiseko ixesha labo. Lonke Kwisicatshulwa ezinikele ukuyilwa kwizihloko zomthetho, amazwe, kunye nemicimbi emkhosini. Ngokukodwa isahluko ukuba udwelisa iimpawu yokuziphatha efunekayo ye sikatata. amanqaku zahlanganiswa ukuba umlawuli olumkileyo kufuneka ibe ngqongqo kwaye inkani, kodwa ngaxeshanye ukuze baqonde kwaye bahloniphe izifundo abathobelayo nonyanisekileyo. Ukongeza, kufuneka akhokele oyinyaniso, ukuze wonke umntu uyayiqonda intsingiselo imiyalelo yakhe.

Umlawuli ezilungileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu bayo uxolo, ubude eyingwevu elinoxolo ubudala. Kule ncwadi exaggerates indima karhulumente kubomi babantu; kuba kubanjwe ngokucacileyo kakhulu ingcamango yokuba kuphela umlawuli angabonelela ulonwabo kwizifundo zakhe. Kufuneka abakhuthaze ukuba luloyiko nentlonelo, njengoko yena lowo, ngenxa abaqulunqi kwingxelo, yazini ngcono ukuqonda ukunika indlela abantu bonke kuyimfuneko.

Malunga umntu yomphathi

Enye ezikhumbuzo ezininzi umdla yokubhala yaseTshayina yi "Shu Ching". Yenza incwadi enxulumene kunye neemfuno yexesha lakhe, xa urhulumente Chinese iye yasinda inani Iezothuso kakhulu kuphazamiseka. Ngoko ke, ukubhalwa le hlobo lomsebenzi bulumko yaba kakhulu hayi kuphela elite kwezopolitiko, kodwa bonke abantu ngokubanzi efanelekileyo. Kwafuneka ukuba ukubuyisela ukholo lwabantu bakaThixo inkokeli sisilumko.

Isibakala sokuba Chinese yamandulo ezinxulumene ne-ntle zokuziphatha imeko yakhe iNkosi enguMongami. Ezi zithixo ziye zipeyintwe iinkcukacha enkulu wachaza kulo mthombo. Kwisicatshulwa, unako ukufumana uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha iimpawu nangokwasengqondweni olawula eli lizwe. Ngaphezu koko ekuqaleni abacwangcisi bopha kakhulu ubuntu kunye inkangeleko, indlela yokuziphatha, izenzo kunye nezenzo.

Igalelo iincwadi

izizukulwana ezilandelayo nomdla kakhulu kwi "Shu Ching". Imbali yale lesikhumbuzo edityaniswa ngexesha enzima ngokwaseburhulumenteni yaseTshayina, ngoko ke umxholo na intsingiselo eyahlukileyo zefilosofi kunye nokuqiniseka eceleni. Ukuba inkqubo evumelanayo mfundiso, imelwe lesikhumbuzo, kuye kwatsala ingqalelo izazinzulu ezininzi. Ngenxa yoko, kumaXesha Aphakathi, ngenkulungwane ye-11, omnye umbhali wasebenzisa uhlobo le ncwadi, ukuba niyinikele iimfundiso zabo zentlalo nentanda-bulumko. Kule nkcazelo ilandelayo, ukuqokelelwa izimvo ngayo le iye yabhalwa.

E China ngokwayo, nayo ihlawulwa ingqalelo enkulu kulo msebenzi. Ukususela BC ngenkulungwane yesi-2. e. kwaye phezulu ukuya kwinkulungwane 10 BC. e. Ababhali ezahlukeneyo ziye iincwadi ukunika izimvo kule nkulungwane entsonkothileyo kwaye enzima lesikhumbuzo yamandulo ebhaliweyo. Ukufunda incwadi ibe umdla kuphela kwiilwimi zobungcali mbali, kodwa nezifundo zenkcubeko, kuba ibonakalisa ezahlukeneyo maleko yenkcubeko.

izinto yamxabela ebanzi amelweyo yokuqokelelwa. Kukho legend, amavo, imisebenzi zembali, unyango Kubaphathi ebantwini. Kwisicatshulwa, ungenza ukuhlola ihlabathi abantu bamandulo Chinese, indlela yabo yokuphila, le isakhiwo sezopolitiko kunye nezentlalo.