Kiev: ukukhululwa isixeko abahlaseli lwamaNazi (1943)

Okubaluleke kakhulu, yintoni umhla Novemba 6, 1943 - ukukhululwa Kiev. Ngale mini, kukho isiganeko apho ngomoya bated elinde ukuba abemi besi sixeko samandulo. Namhlanje, xa imbali yendalo awo kwaye ngokubonakalayo laphumeza look entsha kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo ukwazi inyaniso malunga neziganeko ngaloo minyaka. Ngokukodwa, bonke abo ukuthandabuza ubuqhawe ezo Bulelani obukuye kwinkululeko Kiev (1943), kufuneka sikhumbule zolwaphulo-mthetho lwamaNazi.

Nokuba nzima ukuba nomfanekiso ukuze ibe yintoni imiphumo kokuhlala ixesha elide kwisixeko imikhosi ye Wesithathu, xa nje emibini iminyaka lokuhlala babi Yar wadutyulwa abemi malunga ne-100 lamawaka, abemi sayokuma kwi-180 lamawaka, yaye 150 amawaka abemi Soviet Ukraine ithunyelwe phambi kwabo ukusebenza eJamani.

Le meko ngaphambili ekuqaleni kukaNovemba 1943

Agasti 26 baqala ukulwa ngenxa Dnepr, bona babemlandele omnye imisebenzi abadumileyo kwimbali iimfazwe - kuliwee i Kursk Velile Lolwana. amajoni Soviet kwafuneka ukunyanzela zahlula xihinga amanzi, ibhanki ngasentshonalanga eyaguqukayo yaba i Wehrmacht ibe umgca ukuzithethelela enamandla, eyaziwa ngokuba "East Wall". Ngelo xesha linye amaJamani babelindele imikhosi Soviet ukuqala yosizi ebusika anqumle Dnieper emva ngumkhenkce ebekwe kuyo.

Ngenxa yokuphumelela lohlaselo ye-Red Army abamba bridgehead phezu kodonga lasekunene Dnieper waza waya emantla emlanjeni nakumzantsi Kiev. Ngaloo ndlela ke udale ezona zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze ekhubekisayo kakhulu ekwindla.

Nokukhululwa Kiev kubahlaseli ngokungenalusini karhulumente: Ukulungiselela umsebenzi

Ekuqaleni umyalelo Ukrainian (ex Voronezh) phambi First isekele isicelo pin nje emibini. Chief phakathi kwabo ukuya kwenziwa yi-Bukrin bridgehead, ibekwe km 80 ezantsi kwesixeko of Kiev, kwaye abangabancedani - evela entla. Ngokuhambelana nale sicwangciso, ngo-Oktobha walinga kabili sokuhlaselwa. Noko ke, amaxesha ngokumxhimfa Burkinskiy ulwalathiso aluphumelelanga, kodwa engandiswanga bridgehead, leyo kummandla kumantla Kiev Lyutezh. Le nto yayiza kusetyenziselwa ukuhlasela, injongo leyo ukuba inkululeko Kiev. Ngelo xesha ke abantu ngomhla bridgehead Burkinskiy ayalelwa ukuba 'tayi "kuyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka iingalo Wehrmacht, kwaye xa iimeko zivuma - ukuba atyhudise ngaphambili kwaye uqale ihamba phambili. yecebo iye yasetyenziswa le njongo. Ngokukodwa, ukuze utshaba akazange phawula ukutshintshwa kwe-3 Guards Tank Army, Bukrin bridgehead iimoto vehicles indawo imifuziselo, ezibe ukukohlisa abaqhubi utshaba luyatshwebeleza nokuhlasela sokuhlola.

imikhosi Lutshaba ngaphambi kokuba impi for Kiev

Ekuqaleni Novemba kwi-Red Army kummandla Kiev sele kwinkonzo malunga imipu 7000 kunye mortars, 700 moya kunye namatanki 675 nemipu self-ngokwaso. Inani elifanayo abalwa kunye ekuhlaseleni tshaba lwakhe. Nangona kunjalo, inani ngemipu kunye zokudubula kunye amatanki Olubomvu Army waba luncedo okungephi. Ngelo xesha yokugubungela sixeko umyalelo ngasentla German wayalela ukwakhiwa imigca 3 enqatyisiweyo ukuziphendulela, phambi kwawo ukuba kuphazamise kakhulu ukuhamba-mkhosi zethu.

Nokukhululwa Kiev (1943): Isigaba sokuqala ukusebenza

Qala lohlaselo wanikwa ngentsasa-3 Novemba. Okokuqala, kulungiselelwa zokudubula enamandla, elandelwa ngesibetho ukusuka entshonalanga, yabanjwa adlula Kiev. Oku kwenziwe Army 60 and 38 kunye nenkxaso iingalo wesihlanu Guards Tank lweSizwe. Ubethwe phezulu air idabi benene apho wadutyulwa phantsi 31 utshaba moya, yaye zonke Aces Soviet wenza 1150 nokuhlasela. izimpi kwenzeka emhlabeni. Ngenxa yoko, ekupheleni kwemini kwenzeka ukuba amandla ethu ugwayimbo wayisusa yonke phezu ngaphambili kumgama km-5 ukuya ku-12.

Events ngoNovemba 4, 1943

Kyïv yenkululeko ngandlel kwalibaziseka ngenxa yemozulu embi. Inyaniso ukuba emini ngoNovemba 4 drizzling imvula. Ukuze ububazi xi bahlaselayo amajoni Soviet edabini kuqala yaqaliswa Guards-Calvary lweSizwe kunye noovimba, kubandakanywa wokuqala Czechoslovak Brigade, phantsi ngokomyalelo L. Svoboda. Ukongeza, ngokuhlwa kwi ekhubekisayo, eyathi yaqhuba ngethuba ebusuku, kuyo ophandonzulu yesiThathu Guards Tank Army, wathetha kwi ngundaba-ezolula panic phakathi kwamasoldati German.

November 5

Nenye ekuseni kwamatanki Soviet ukuya Svyatoshino ithintele kuhola kokuxhuma eKiev ukuya Zhitomir, ngaloo ndlela ngokunqamla iqela Kiev zemikhosi aseleyo lwamaNazi. imini yonke bekukho imilo kunye inxaxheba elihamba, zokudubula, moya kunye nezithuthi vehicles, apho utshaba ubunzima iilahleko ezinkulu kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba siphumele.

Novemba 6

Ekugqibeleni, amajoni eSoviet wangena Kiev kube sebusuku. Ukukhululwa apho esixekweni yathatha indawo kunokuba ngokukhawuleza, njengoko Red Flag wavuswayo phezu kwayo ngeeyure 00 nemizuzu engama-30, yaye ngenxa yesi-4 kusasa kwisixeko izithonga ekugqibeleni etsha.

Kwangaxeshanye, kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba nabaphumi-First Ukrainian Front oyisa itanki 2, amacandelo nomkhosi 9 neyantlukwano enye ngenjini.

Isigaba sokugcina yokusebenza

Ukususela ekuqaleni ngoNovemba umyalelo we iqela German wemikhosi "South" balwe ecwangcisiweyo kummandla Krivoy Rog, Nikopol kunye Apostolovo, ingakwazanga ukunikwa kusetyenziswa ukubamba elikomkhulu Soviet Ukraine, koovimba bayo, ngaphandle kwamacandelo vehicles and ngenjini. Le meko ngokukhawuleza ukukhululwa Kiev ukusuka lwamaNazi, kwaye ngexesha Novemba-7 abendlu ka-First Ukrainian Front wakwazi ukuba ndinikhululele kwisixeko Fastow. Noko ke, ngoNovemba 10-11, exhaswa iiyunithi waseJamani zifika sisebenzisa le layohlala amajoni Wehrmacht, waza waqalisa lokuhlaselwa zokuqala ezinkulu German. Noko ke, emva kweveki (13 Novemba) wakhululwa Zhitomir. Yokuhlasela sinamandla kangangokuba njengenxalenye seSixhenxe Army Corps Wehrmacht wayeka siphumele, efikelela kuphela km 50 emazantsi Kiev. Kule 13 and 60 Army ukuya ekupheleni kukaNovemba bafika umgca ngasempumalanga kumntla Narovlya Korosten, Ovruch kunye Yelsk.

Njengoko ilizwe libhiyozela uloyiso

Inkululeko of Kiev ukusuka amaNazi (umhla: Novemba 6, 1943) wahlangatyezwa ngabantu yiSoviet kunye ingqiqo uvuyo olukhulu. Ngesi sihlandlo, eMoscow ndanikwa umnqwazi volleys 24. Kwathatha inani irekhodi ngemipu ababandakanyekayo.

Ngokuba nesibindi ezizodwa kunye ubuqhawe edabini, nto leyo ekhokelele inkululeko of Kiev, kunye nemiyalelo kunye iimbasa ze-17 500 ziye zanikezelwa. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho umphathi kunye namajoni 139 Yokuqala Czechoslovak izicima. Ngokuphathelele kwicandelo wamajoni, ngakwibhanile yayo saqhotyoshelwa Order of Suvorov isidanga sesibini. Ngaphezu koko, 65 iinxalenye eSoviet kunye nemixube zanikwa Imbeko apha Kiev. Phakathi kwabo, amabutho phantsi umyalelo we Colonel Jikelele K. Moskalenko, uLieutenant-Jikelele Ivan Chernyakhovsky, P. Rybalko, S. Krasovsky kunye uMajor General P. Korol'kova.

iziphumo

Kiev Liberation (Umhla: Novemba 6, 1943) waye zibalulekile ukuba zibe kwisicwangciso imeko imiphambili IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Ngexesha lo msebenzi, amajoni eSoviet Union woyisa elihamba elithoba, omnye esinenjini kunye amabini amaqela transport ye Wehrmacht ahlasela wabatshabalalisa namatanki 600, imipu 1,200 kunye mortars, kwakunye moya 90. i bridgehead ebalulekileyo ecaleni lomlambo Dnieper 230 km ubude ukuya ku-145 km ngokunzulu, apho kamva wadlala indima ebalulekileyo iimfazwe inkululeko Ilungelo-Bank Ukraine yadalwa. Ukongeza, umyalelo eSoviet yakwazi ukuba ukuphazamisa iinjengele German ukulungele ukuba balwe kummandla Kirovograd.

miscalculations

kweenjengele Soviet, okucwangcisiweyo nako kuthwalelwa phandle umntu msebenzi, nto leyo ekhokelele inkululeko of Kiev, bamkelwa ezinye iimpazamo. Ngokukodwa, njengoko iiyunithi phambili ye-Red Army ayiphumelelanga ukutshabalalisa imikhosi eziphambili utshaba emva November 15, wakwazi counter-hlaselo, yaye de-22 Disemba amajoni ethu wasilela ukuphumeza inkqubela ebonakalayo kweli candelo.

abafayo

Kwafa ukufa omabini amaqela alwayo ifikelele amawaka aliqela. Ngokukodwa, ezi manani alandelayo zinikwe historiography eSoviet ukuchaza ilahleko Red Army: Abantu 6491 babulawa, 24 078 - owenzakeleyo. Njengoko ngokuba nabaphumi-Wehrmacht, amajoni 389 babulawa abalimele 3018.

Impendulo kumaphephandaba

Inkululeko of Kiev kunye nempumelelo imikhosi Soviet in Ekunene-Bank Ukraine wabangela ekuvakaleni kwelizwi ngokubanzi. Eyona okuphawuleka ezo amanqaku IsiNgesi uze ucofe American, nto leyo ithathwa esi siganeko njengoko bazoyise enkulu Wesithathu. Ngokomzekelo, ingxelo odumileyo Radio London Kwaqondwa ukuba xa nabaphumi-Wehrmacht awuthimba Kiev, amaJamani isifuba ukuba kude ukoyiswa iyonke ye-Red Army kulo lonke kumzantsi-mpuma, kwaye emva kokuba nokukhululwa kwekomkhulu Ukraine sele Germany ngokwayo waqala ukuva ukukhala kwensimbi yomngcwabo.

Ngoku uyazi indlela i inkululeko of Kiev, kwakunye yintoni na iilahleko amaqela alwayo, yaye iziphumo zalo msebenzi ziye lanempembelelo ngakumbi Enkulu Patriotic War.