Ukududuzelisa elibomvu

I-Red Terror eRashiya imbaxa amanyathelo sazela, esetyenziswa yi kwiBolsheviks ngexesha i-Civil beMfazwe, iminyaka 1917-23. Le mode kusetyenziswa amaqela abo ezeNtlalo ezazisiweyo iintshaba eklasini kwakunye abo batyholwa umsebenzi omusha. I-Red Terror yaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye nkqubo karhulumente lukho kwiBolsheviks yengcinezelo. Ukuziqhelisa, ukusetyenziswa kwale iseti yamanyathelo izohlwayo owenziweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithetho kunye nokuphunyezwa kwezibonelelo ezahlukeneyo ngaphandle kwenkululeko yawo nawuphi na umthetho. I-Red Terror waba ingabizi nje kuphela anti-yamaBolshevik intshukumo, kodwa abahlali.

Namhlanje, a oluntsonkothileyo amanyathelo na iinkcazelo ezimbini.

Abanye ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba Red Kukunxunguphala kuquka yonke imigaqo-nkqubo zocindezelo kunye kumahlokondiba ngo-1917. Ngenxa yazo, le iseti kwamanyathelo ngendlela waqhubeka October Revolution. Ababhali-mbali zibonisa ukuba White kunye Red Terror waqalisa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Kulo mzekelo, owesibini kuphuhliswa ngaphambili ngaphezu kuneyokuqala. I-Red Terror kucingwe nangengqiqo ayisoze iye yanxulunyaniswa ugonyamelo yamaBolshevik, uyalele ukuba kakhulu ngokuchasene uxhathiso ekhoyo, kodwa nxamnye iiklasi ngokwendalo, leyo kwavalwa. Ezi ziquka, izidwangube kuqala kwiinto zonke, sabelwa kunye Cossacks, kulaks kunye nababingeleli, amagosa kunye nabanini-mhlaba.

Enye inxalenye mbali ingqalelo yamaBolshevik nzise kwanyanzeleka njengelinge lokugqibela, impendulo kunye indlela ngoyaba nxamnye White Terror.

Iinkokheli Communist Party lilonke ingakumbi uLenin awachasa 'ukuthamba' ukuphendula izenzo counter-mbuso. Ngelo xesha Vladimir Ilyich Ziyakhuthazwa ngamandla 'uphawu abaninzi namandla ngokunxunguphala ", esithi" linyathelo okugqithileyo kakhulu kunene. " Kwangaxeshanye, kwezinye iingxelo Lenin, kwakukho imfuneko ukunqanda "izivakalisi ngokungenalusini, ayinabulungisa kunye unmotivated."

iinkcuba abaninzi mbali, ezifana Kautsky, ugxeke ukuziphatha ngurhulumente omtsha, imigaqo-nkqubo kunye namanyathelo ayo. Kuye kwaqatshelwa ukuba phambi kokuba revolution kwiBolsheviks ibivela ukusetyenziswa kwe isohlwayo sentambo. Emva ekuthatheni amandla ngurhulumente baqalisa ukusebenzisa ekubulaweni kwenqwaba. Lenin, umngeni lo mbono, nayo, yathi ukuba kwiBolsheviks ibivela ukubulawa. Umba, ngokutsho kwakhe, waba phakathi kwezinye. Walatha into yokuba akukho namnye urhulumente olululo ayikho ngaphandle isigwebo, kufuneka zithunyelwe kuphela umba iklasi apho eli nyathelo liya kwenziwa.

Emva yamaBolshevik nokuhlutha igunya kwizixeko ezikhulu lizwe baye baqalisa ukuba ukwazisa iinguqulelo abangabaxhasi bakaMarx kwezoqoqosho. Kulo mzekelo, ukuguquka yaba kudliwa propati, apho waba phambi yabemi, lidibanise izibonelelo zabantu ukuqinisekisa ukwakhiwa ngokukhawuleza umbuso yali.

ULenin babekholelwa ukuba kufuneka athathe amanyathelo ezinzima kwi kwiziqalelo ukuba yayintsha abasebenzi. Zonke ezi izinto, ngokwembono yakhe, kufuneka kwakhona usebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo.

Umhla esemthethweni isaziso oluBomvu Terror waye 5 Septemba 1918. Yena yapheliswa ngoNovemba 6 waloo nyaka.

Ingcinezelo wenza imizimba Cheka ukulwa wabonakala counter-mbuso, ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye ezilufuniso ngesithuba kwakunye "namaqabane uxanduva ze Party" (resolution ezizodwa).

imisebenzi yokuziqhelanisa amalungu izohlwayo laliqulunqwe kanye ngokwaneleyo "Izvestia". Ngokutsho Danishevsky (usihlalo yokuqala Revolutionary Military Council), iinkundla zomkhosi kufuneka akhokelwe ngokupheleleyo akukho ngokwemigaqo yomthetho, ngenxa yokuba sidalwe (iinkundla) phantsi ngxabano olukhulu yotshintsho olululo.