Kukujaduka ku zamazambane: izizathu kunye nonyango

Scurf on namazambane - sisifo ezinzwaneni esichaphazela amatswele. Magciwane inokuba ixesha elide emhlabeni, uze imifuno ngokusebenzisa pores okanye amanxeba ezincinane. Nje ndifuna ukuthi ingcambu emifuno abosulelekileyo edliwayo, kodwa inxalenye umonakalo eso basinqumla kulahlwe. Umngcipheko ibhula ukuba yorhwebo kunye ukungcamla imifuno ukuwa, ukuwa amanqanaba weevithamini, iiminerali kunye acid. Ukuba ilahleko kwezondlo yi-35% -40%, isivuno kuncitshiswa kwisiqingatha (60% -65% kufikelelwe, kwezinye iimeko ilahleko).

imimiselo efanelekileyo kuphuhliso sifo

Njengaso nasiphi na isifo, kukujaduka kwenzeka kwiimeko ezithile. Phakathi kwazo kukho ezi zilandelayo:

- i-pH lomhlaba ka-6.1 - 7.4, okt indlela awana.

- Ubushushu 24 ° C - 29 ° C.

- kokunyakama komhlaba - ku ezahlukene 50-70%.

- Xa usenza ikalika kunye nemithi nothuthu.

- Ukuba umhlaba isichumiso umgquba. Ingozi siyifumana yokuba amatswele anti-ukujaduka kuthe umonakalo adla ngokusetyenziswa ukondla imfuyo. Njengoko ukuba micro-eziphilayo izinze kakhulu, bona uwele wokugaya yaloo nkomo, aze ahambe kunye indle yakhe. Ukuchumisa umhlaba kunye njengomgquba ukuze akwazi ezinokosulela olongezelelweyo.

- Xa agqithisile izichumisi nitrogen kunye calcium.

- Ngenxa yokungabikho boron lomhlaba kunye manganese.

amanyathelo azizithintelo ukuthintela okuvela ziditshwe

Kubhetele ukuba uzame ukudala nokugcina iimeko phantsi apho arhente causative kakubi. Ke ukuba niphikele uphawula i amatswele ezincinane intsumpa khaxa, qiniseka ukuba ukufumana nendlela yokuzifumana ziditshwe itapile. Kukho amacebiso jikelele begadi ezinokuthi zinciphise ingozi yesifo:

• Hlola ngokulima ngenyameko izinto. Khetha amatswele amakhulu zalishumi 75-100 g, pretreated kunye nesisombululo boric acid (10 g ngo-9 l yamanzi).
• Ukutyala anzulu izityalo ingcambu kwakhona lunciphisa ubungozi ziditshwe.
• Emva kokuvuna zonke iintsalela kufuneka ziqokelelwe (amatswele oniwe, iingcambu, iziqu) kunye ubatshabalalise.
• Potato ukutyala ndawo kufuneka itshintshwe rhoqo emva kokuba kutyalwe iimbotyi, eziphucula umhlaba kunye nitrogen iintsholongwane kuyo. Amatswele abuyele kwindawo yayo yoqobo banokuba kwiminyaka 4-5.
• Khangela ubumuncu bomhlaba (pH mayingagqithi 6.0). Kungenjalo, amasiko ihlasela ukujaduka iitapile. unyango ngokusebenzisa chemical akukho ziphumo, kodwa ukunciphisa ingozi yosulelo elula. Lungelelanisa pH inokuba nezichumiso kwezimbiwa (superphosphate) phantsi amatswele. Kucacile ukuba bagcine yamanzi schedule. Ukongeza ikalika liyimfuneko kuphela xa pH umhlaba ngezantsi 4.9. iitapile kufuma eluncedo bawa iinaliti pine, yenza nesalfure (2.1 - 3.2 kg sq.m. nganye) okanye gypsum (15-20 kg nganye ikhulu square metres).

Ezi zizikhokelo nje jikelele. Begadi Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba yintoni na ezahlukeneyo kukujaduka itapile. Indlela iimeko umzabalazo kunye nophuhliso inokuba nomahluko kancinane, kodwa ngokubanzi, imithetho ukusombulula ingxaki ziyafana.

uqweqwe ezifanayo

Olu hlobo lwesifo ifumaneka rhoqo ngaphezu kwabanye. I-arhente causative ukuba ukhwekhwe Streptomyces. Akhona eXcellent ezikhulayo kwimihlaba oyisanti kwaye calcareous, xa ukufuma aphezulu ngeedosi ezinkulu into ephilayo. Ekuqaleni esi sifo ngokulula axilonge izilonda ezincinane, leyo ikhule ngokuthe ngcembe yaye ekugqibeleni kuhlawulwa liSebe i plug-like ngeso lenyama.

A ukujaduka kuthe Common kwiitapile akukho kwi onke amabakala. Uninzi okukwazi enamandla zesifo "Berlichingen" yaye "Priekule" yaye "Kameraz".

Kunye imithetho jikelele yokutyala nokunyamekela nenkcubeko kukho ezimbalwa ezongeziweyo. ngaphambi kokuba ukuba balahle njani ukujaduka iitapile, ukuqhuba unyango lokuthintela of amatswele - afefe nabo indlela "Nitrafen" okanye "Polikarbatsin". ngempumelelo kakhulu ekulweni esi sifo inceda nokuntshula izinto kokutyala ukuze ukukhanya. Ukunkcenkceshela inkcubeko uqale ngoko nangoko emva kokuba kukuqiniswa emhlabeni Malivelise amagatya nesiqu zesityalo ayinyuki ku 1.5-2 cm ngokomelela.

uqweqwe angumgubo

Iarhente causative yi Spongospora subterranea. Phuhlisa kwi umhlaba umanzi kakhulu. Kunye izigaqa ka pathogen ukuze ngokungenelela elizweni labo baze bafikelele iingcambu. Le uqweqwe kwiitapile Ebonakalisa kwi ngohlobo iintsumpa grey ekukhanyeni.

iintanda tuber isikhumba kwindawo losulelo, esi sifo ngakumbi. Kukholelwa ukuba esixhoseni ezifana "Lorch", "yubel", "Cardinal" yaye ", bubuqaqawuli obubalaseleyo" Oku ayichaphazeleki sifo.

Esi sifo amazambane - injaduko angumgubo - ichaphazela iingcambu kunye buti. Ezi amatswele singangena kusuleleko lesibini kuka nangembabala, ukubonakala kumKristu. izinto Ukutyala phambi kokuba kutyalwe igcinwe isisombululo-40% formalin (ratio - 1: 200) ukuba imizuzu 6-7, emva koko iiyure ezimbini kukugubungela tarpaulin.

scurf yesiliva

Ekuqaleni, lo amatswele kuvela akhanya okanye ezincinane, efana umlotha emnyama. Emva kokuba ulusu iitapile, exwebula spot iba mpunga.

Izincomo causative Solani ngundo Helminthosporium, leyo Ukhuthaza ngokukhawuleza kwi lobushushu 19-21 ° C kunye 90-95% nokufuma.

Esi sifo kuyingozi kuba isivuno tsakisi kabukhali. amatswele abachaphazelekayo kuqhubeka ukunciphisa umzimba naxa igcinwe, nokuvunda ezingwevu angavela kwisayithi ye enentsumpa. Okunye bangenwe ukugula izivuno kwi osisivunda kunye kwimihlaba yesanti. Phambi kokutyala amatswele zikufake. Unyango kwakhona ikhutshwa phandle ngoko nangoko emva kokuvuna phambi iziyobisi zokugcina usebenzisa njenge "Nitrafen", "Botran", "fundazol", "Celeste" okanye "Tito."

Rhizoctonia okanye ukhwekhwe abamnyama

Iarhente causative yi Rhizoctonia Solani. Phuhlisa phantsi kweemeko eliphezulu ukufuma. Ngokuqhelekileyo, usulelo lwenzeka xa kwentwasahlobo kwaye isina. Oku kubonakala njengoko amabala okanye ezimnyama-kubunzulu sclerotia leyo ngenkankulu bawuphose umhlaba abawuphalileyo komhlaba.

Black scurf on neetapile kuyingozi kuba kunokwenza kubetha omnye ukuntshula tuber. Ezi Amahlumelo, okanye afe, okanye kuvela phezu kwe sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi kwezithungu kunye namagqabi isesiswini eliphezulu. Best zonke pathogen uziva kwimihlaba osisivunda.

Le yenye yezinto uhlobo ezingemnandi zesi sifo, kuba iintlobo ukumelana ayisekho. Hayi ukubonisa injaduko abamnyama amazambane, unyango luqala Nosipho amatswele amalungiselelo iintsholongwane ezifana "efunekayo", "Planriz" okanye "Bactofit" yaye lithetha "Fenoram", "Vivataks" okanye "Mxim".

Ukutyala Ubunzulu: sandy obambe lomhlaba - 7 cm, osisivunda - 8-11 cm umgquba - 12-13 cm efukamela avareji ixesha lihlala xa umhlaba ukufudumala ku + 8 ° C .. Oku kuthintela ukwenzeka esingxotyeni imbabala, izichumisi ezinto eziphilayo ngeedosi ngaphezulu Kucetyiswa ukuba ngentwana ezahlukeneyo.