Kurgan: iindwendwe, inkcazelo kunye nesithombe

Inxalenye yesentshona ye-Ishim Plain ifumaneka kwisiko lolawulo lweminye imimandla eminingi ye-Trans-Urals. Ekubeni isiseko sayo ngo-1679 iKurgan sele ibe yidolophu enkulu kunazo zonke ngokwezoqoqosho, ukushishino kunye nenkcubeko.

Idatha yomlando

Kuvela kwiincwadi zembali kuye kwaziwa ukuba ukususela kwikhulu le-XVII, iRashiya iye yanda ngeendleko zobutyebi bemvelo bemhlaba esekwe ngaphesheya kwe-Ural ridge. Ekuqaleni, la maqela amancinci aseCossack, aqhutyelwa kwi-Deep of Siberia ngumkhosi kaKhan. Kwaye namhlanje amawaka abavakhenkethi bafuna ukuya eKurgan. Iimpawu zeso sixeko aziyi kushiya nabani na abachasayo.

Iikholoni ayizange igqithise indawo yendawo yangoku yeKurgan, eyayihlala yiBashkirs, iKalmyks, Kazakhs. Indawo yokuqala yaseRussia yakhiwa kufuphi neNtaba ye-Tsarev, kufuphi nalapho kuphuma uMlambo iTobol. Akuyindawo nje yokukhusela i-Tsarev, bekuyiyona ngongoma ebalulekileyo. Ukususela ngezinye iinkqubo ukuhlaliswa kwezinto kwabhujiswa ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwezakwaKazakhs zendawo. Nangona kunjalo, idolophana yabuyiselwa rhoqo ngamaxesha abemi bayo.

I-Kurre yase-Tsarev yayiyinkunzi enkulu yokwakha. Kwiminyaka yama-60 ye-XX leminyaka, abaphathi beendawo babecinga ukuba akudingekile ukuba baqhubeke bekhona. Ngaloo ndlela, ukusuka kwindunduma enkulu kunaloo gama lomlando. Ngelo xesha, kwagqitywa ukuba kugcine ezinye iintlobo kwiintlobo.

Phantse kwiminyaka eyi-100 emva kwesiseko sayo, ngo-1782, ukuhlaliswa kwafumana indawo yeso sixeko esakhiwa kwiidolophu ezidala kunye neNtsha. Eyokuqala kubo kwakuphakathi kweyesibini. Umzi omdala umelwe yiKremlin, amasango akhe athembekile, kuba ayephindwe kabini. KwiSixeko esitsha, ngaphandle kwezakhiwo zokuhlala, kwakukho iindawo zokugcina iimpahla ezinempahla yempi, imikhosi yemikhosi, iplastiki eneempuphu. Ngaphandle, wavikela 8 izixhobo ezinamandla kakhulu, ngaphaya kweyiphi ijikelezi-dolophu zacima umjelo omkhulu.

Kwi-corridor reorganization yase Kurgan, ukufaneleka koburhuluneli-Jikelele uKashkin kukhulu. Ngokutsho kwesi sicwangciso sophuhliso, ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 isixeko sahlula kwiibhloko, kwaye ezo zizitalato. Umlambo iTobol, ngokuchanekileyo ulawulo lwalo lwangoku, lukhokelo njengesakhiwo kwizakhiwo. Ukwakha izindlu ezivela kwiitye ezizityebileyo zedolophini, abantu abemi bahlala kwizakhiwo zokhuni. Icandelo lalo xesha limelelwe yimisipha emithathu, umenzi omnye wesepha kunye neetanneries ezimbini. Ipalamente ihlelwe ngeenkonzo zecawa.

Kwathatha enye ikhulu leminyaka ukuba isixeko sibe yindawo yokuthenga, apho ungathenga khona isonka, ibhotela, isinqumelo kunye nenyama. Amashishini akhona ngokukhulula kwizinto ezibonakalayo ezibonelelwa ngabavelisi bezolimo. Ngoko isixeko saseKurgan sakha. Iimpawu zommolophana kufuneka zijongwe ngumntu wonke oye wahlala kule ndawo.

Iprojekthi yesitimela seTrans-Siberia yaba yinto ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni isixeko, kwaqala ubomi obutsha. Eli xesha laphawulwa kwimbali yeso sixeko ngokukwakhiwa kweevenktri ezingaphezu kwemashumi anesithandathu kunye nezityalo, ulawulo olutsha kwilori lokulima - ukulima iteksi. I-Kurgan yakhula ngokukhawuleza. Iimpawu zeso sixeko ziya kuba nomdla kubo bonke abathanda imyuziyam kunye nezikhumbuzo.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XX, isityalo sokuqala saseRussia sokuvelisa iitrobheni zamanzi saqaliswa. Ngokwabhaliweyo ukususela kwiintsuku zokuqala zeMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic, ngokwemiqathango yembali yezobukhokeli belizwe, eKurgan, nakwezinye iidolophu ezininzi zeTrans-Urals, amashishini athathwe ukusuka kwimimandla yasentshonalanga kwaye ngokukhawuleza aqalise ukusebenza. Le meko inegalelo ekubunjweni kweKurgan njengendawo enkulu yezoshishino kunye namaziko aphuhliso kunye nezemfundo.

Iindlu ze-Decembrists

Kukho ezininzi iimyuziyam esixekweni, phakathi kwazo zihlukile kwizinga lelizwe. Kuloo ndlela, umzekelo, zibandakanya izinto ezinxulumene namaC decembrists.

Kwenye yezindlu kule 1845-1846. Wahlala kunye nentsapho yakhe (umfazi kunye nabantwana ababini), umbongi-u-Decembrist V. K. Küchelbecker, owayengumhlobo ophakamileyo wesikolo sasePushkin. Kwindlu yeCemembrist edumile, kwakunokwenzeka ukubuyisela imeko yelo xesha. Qiniseka ukutyelela ezi zihombo zase Kurgan. Iifoto zemibukiso ayiyi kuthumela umoya wonke, le miboniso kufuneka ibonwe ngamehlo abo.

Ngomnyaka we-1975, kwindlu apho i-Decembrist MM Naryshkin ehlala kwii-30 zeXIX ye-XIX, kuye kwadalwa imyuziyam, ebonwa njengesebe lophando lwengingqi lwengingqi. Emva kokuba onke amagumbi angaphakathi (ilayibrari, igumbi lokuhlala, igumbi lokudlela kunye nendawo egumbini eliphezulu) yabuyiselwa ngokupheleleyo, indlu yafumana ukubonakala kwangaphambili. Ukwenza ifenitshala, abenzi bezandla basebenzisa i- Karelian birch kunye nama-mahogany. Phakathi kwezinye izinto - ezininzi izinto zethusi, izitya ezisuka kwisiliva kunye ne-porcelain.

IMusic Museum

Iimyuziyam zoLondolozo lweeNqwelo zoKhuseleko ziseGagarin Street, sele isebenza ukususela ngo-1985. Kucingwa njengento ekhethekileyo kunye neyodwa kwii-Urals naseSiberia. Kwintsimi yayo enkulu, ehlanganiswe ne-asphalt, indawo ye-5,5 yeekhilomitha ezili-square. M, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenqwelo. Bamelelwa ngumkhosi - "Migami" no "Sushka" - kunye nomgibeli-Ilyushin no-Antonov.

Ngenxa yolu bunzima obunzima kufuneka uhambele iKurgan. Iimpawu zale nkulu zimele zibonwe ngabo bonke abahlali baseRashiya.

I-Cathedral ka-Alexander Nevsky

Isigqibo sokwakha icawa senziwa ebusika ngo-1895. Ininzi yemali yanikelwa ngummi ohloniphekileyo womrhwebi u-DI Smolin. Kwakhona, abanye abathengisi kunye nabasontsimini babenegalelo labo inxalenye. Ngenxa yoko, kwimali yesizwe eqokelelweyo itempile yeNkosana Alexander Nevsky yakhiwe kwaye yahlanjululwa ngoJuni 22, 1902.

Enyanisweni, isebenza kude kube ngo-1929. Emva koko kwiminyaka eyahlukileyo i-museum yahlelwa apha, yaguqulwa yaba yindawo yokuzivocavoca, isebe loomatshini beSikolo samaPhakamileyo, isitoreji sokugcina impahla, iplanethiyam. Kuphela ngexesha le-perestroika kwagqitywa ukuba ukuyisebenzise ngenjongo yalo injongo - isakhiwo senkcubeko sabuyiswa kuluntu lwaseOthodox. Ukususela ehlobo lika-1989, isakhiwo savuselelwa savuselelwa. Ngomnyaka we-1993 ibandla lika-Alexander Nevsky laba yintente.

Inqaba yomlilo

Isakhiwo sembali siye saqhubeka ukususela ngowe-1882, kwaye abemi baseKurgan bankulu kunesikhumbuzo senkcubeko - ifuzisela ukukhuselwa komlilo. Ngaphezu koko, i-mannequin Gosh efakwe phezu kophahla lwakhe, apho ukuphefumla okwenziwa khona, ngoku kuthiwa ukulinda emlilweni.

Izinto ezinomdla ezinjalo zilindele ukhenketho ngamnye lwezoranki eKurgan. Iifoto ngamagama zidla ngokusetyenziswa kwiikhalenda zendawo.

Izikhumbuzo kwisixeko saseKurgan

Isikhumbuzo kwiqhawe elidumile lefilimu ethandekayo yaseSoviet "I-White Sun yaseDangeni" ifakwe apho kufuneka imele khona - ngokuchasene nesakhiwo sokwenza izithethe. Ukungahambi kakuhle kwi-granite, uPavel Vereshchagin ukhona apha ukususela ngo-2007 ngokubonga kwimigudu yamagosa amasiko angazange ayisindise imali yakhe. Igosa eliqhelekileyo laseRussia i-Vereshchagin lihlala likhumbuza oogxa bakhe ukuba bafanele babe ngabahloniphekileyo kwaye bangabi nxamnye nesilingo sokwenza izifumbathiso.

Iikhilomitha ezili-6 luhlobo lwesiganeko salezo zikhumbuzo ezifakwe kwezinye iindawo zaseRussia nakwihlabathi jikelele. Ukuphosa kwindawo yokuthunyelwa kwebhedu ngokukhula ngokugcwele ku-zero ikhilomitha ezindleleni ezikufutshane neposi. Ukuvulwa kwayo kufikelelwe kumhla wembali - umnyaka we-333 wokusungulwa kwesixeko saseKurgan.

I-Gulliver Doll Theater

Ukudalwa kwe-Kurgan Puppet Theatre kwavezwa ngexesha leMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic, ekupheleni kwehlobo le-1943. Nangona kunjalo, inkundla yezemidlalo yayingenaso isakhiwo ixesha elide, ukuqhutyelwa kwimizila yokuhamba kwintsimi. Ngomnyaka we-1948, abapopayi babekhuselwe ngummandla we-Philharmonic wendawo.

Kwaye ngo-1949 kwakukhunjulwa ebomini kwenkampani yezobugcisa kunye ne-premiere yomdlalo othi "I-Scarlet Flower", eyayiqhubekile kakade kwinqanaba lethempyutheni. Kuphela ixesha lokudala imisebenzi inkampani ibonwa njengenye yezona zinto zingcono kuphela eRussia, kodwa naseFransi.

I-puppet theater "iGulliver" yanikezelwa ukuba ibizwa ngokuba yimbono yeBharrow, ngenxa yokuba yenye yezona ziko zokuqala zenkcubeko. Wonke umntu ohlala eSiberia kufuneka akhangele iKurgan. Ukutyelela kweso sixeko kuya kubhenela bonke abathanda izakhiwo ezindala kunye nezikhumbuzo ezithakazelisayo.

UMamayev Kurgan eVolgograd

ERashiya kukho enye indawo ebizwa ngokuba yinduli. UMamayev Kurgan uhlala kwibhankini elungileyo loMlambo weVolga kwiSithili esiPhakathi kwesixeko saseVolgograd. Iimpawu zale nkulu zihlonishwa ngabo bonke abemi belizwe lethu elikhulu. Kwaye kwakukho imfazwe ekhohlakeleyo eyenzekayo ngexesha leMfazwe yaseStalingrad.

Ngenxa yale ndawo abantu abaninzi banomdla wokutyelela iVolgograd. Ukujonga - uMamayev Kurgan, u-Motherland ubiza - umkhosi wempi. Kwintsimi apho kukho amangcwaba amajoni awalwela ilizwe kwaye abulawa kule mifazwe.