Kutheni abantu bakholelwa ekubeni ukhona komphefumlo?

Ukuzama ukuqonda isimo yayo yangaphakathi, esekelwe kwimithetho yendalo, asinto into entsha. Kwanangaphambi noHippocrates uchazele ulwelo zomzimba ezine, isiGrike, amaRoma kunye noogqirha Indian ziye ucingela ngentsingiselo "imifula" olwelo ezahlukeneyo. Feed idla ingqalelo luncedo, ngelixa lock yayo evame kukhokelela izigulo ezingapheliyo kunye nokufa.

Yintoni engabonakali, akunakuze ziqondwe de kube sekupheleni, ngoko ke lethiyori iphelelwe. Ekugqibeleni theory lwegciwane umohlwayileyo le ngcamango, kodwa ezingundoqo yayo ingcamango yomphefumlo sigcinwe.

Unxibelelwano lwangaphakathi kunye nehlabathi lwangaphandle

Ukuba silandele lo loliwe yokucinga, njengoko apho ubukho boxolo lenkqubela izenzo zangaphakathi nangaphandle yangaphandle kufuneka nefuthe iinkqubo zangaphakathi, umzekelo, njengokugula.

A Uhlobo efanayo yokucinga kaninzi kwenzeka. Hi xikombiso, le wendalo bathi ukuba iinyikima zomhlaba, imbalela kunye izaqhwithi ezibangelwa imvume kwi kwinqanaba likarhulumente, umtshato besini esifanayo. Kuphela ku Alabama States Mo Brooks wathi kwiveki ephelileyo ukuba abantu "ngokwenza imisebenzi emihle" basempilweni, kwaye kufuneka ke ngoko wenze igalelo kangako amadike inshorensi. Xa ezinjalo ukholo ingacaci eziqulathwe umbono ezintweni. Zimbalwa ababingeleli ucinga ukuba ubudlelwane ngaphakathi nangaphandle.

Ukujonga Martina Lyutera

Igama Martina Lyutera ehlabathini namhlanje kungenxa ukugxekwa yamaKatolika iCawa lwaseburhulumenteni, banyusa kwezono amaKristu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lwabo ukuba ungene kokufa. Nangona ULuther umzimba amabi a Connoisseur, iimbono zakhe malunga umphefumlo eyamncedayo ubomi.

NeNguquko yenkolo

Umfundisi wezakwalizwi uLuther waba yimbangi le ithisisi ezamenza udumo yaza yamakishwa ekuqaleni UHlaziyo 1517 ezaziwayo-kakuhle. lommeli wakhe olukhuni ngokuphathelele kwizinto ezifana zithixo, umtshato kunye umthendeleko ekugqibeleni negalelo yokwahlukanisa unqulo. Yena ke bathabatheka ingcamango yokuba iSibhalo kufanelekile kangangoko ngaphezu nemimiselo kweqiwa, okanye bezakwalizwi. It luphawu isazi senkolo Oxford University Roper.

imibono nawo

Martin Luther wayesazi ukuba kuthintelwe ngayo ukuhluza iindaba kunye nokukhusela izimvo zabo, bazaneka ngokubanzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngamnye umsebenzi wakhe omtsha kwakuthetha elinye inyathelo ezinkulu phambili abaphulaphuli ukuba warhalela. Akukho mntu ngaphambi alinge ukusebenzisa uphawu ngenjongo ziyaziphazamisa ezinjalo.

Ngaphezu koko, uLuther waba Connoisseur komzimba womntu. Wafuna ukuba iwayini wakhonza kunye isonka ngokwenene umKristu wamkela intsikelelo kaKristu. Nangona umtshato waba akwamkelekanga ukuba abefundisi, wafumana ukuba sex ulungile ngokwenene, kodwa ukubambelela kwimigangatho ngokubanzi Ngenxa indima yabafazi eluntwini.

iingxelo anesibindi

Komnye ukugxekwa kakhulu wakhe ejolise eRoma, uLuther wathi loopopu owayegunyaziswe. ULuther wahlala ngokupheleleyo ngokubona kwakhe, ukucinga malunga noko iinkcukacha eziqokelelweyo abantu kuzo zonke iinkulungwane zangaphambili landulelwe yiloo nto iBhayibhile. Oku yohlulwe ngokuphuma yokucinga. Kunoko wacela ukufunda impumelelo mihla intelekelelo ezaziwayo-kakuhle.

Custom umbono zehlabathi

Kwakhona bafumana uyolo abenyama: isini kunye nokunxila yaba yinxalenye yobomi bakhe bemihla ngemihla. Noko ke, yena kubalelwa oonobangela zokomoya into eyenzekayo esenyameni, leyo yena wayemthanda kangaka. Oku kwakunjalo ngokukodwa izifo.

Noko ke, kubonakala engaqhelekanga kwindlela yokucinga uLuther? Vera wahlanganiselwa wezakwalizwi kumava emzimbeni, yaye abadala baba yena, kokukhona yaba umbuzo kuye.

Wayekholelwa ukuba umzimba wakhe ukuchongwa kwekota Norwegian "Ragnarok", nto leyo ethetha ukuthi amandla lokugqibela okulungileyo nokubi walwa ethunjini yaye kulawulwa ukusuka ngentla.

Kwileta eya yamaLuthere wenguquko Filippu Melanhtonu, wabhala ukuba uMtyholi wayeka Mrhwebeshe ngokomoya, wamcenga ukuba balwe. Wokuvala umzimba wakhe waba ngumqondiso article ye Umchasi loyiso.

Njengoko umzimba wakhe ayaphela, "isimo sakhe baba ngakumbi YeApocalypse ngakumbi." Ngenxa yokuba amalungu akhe musa lisebenze ngokufanelekileyo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba uluntu ngokwalo zidlakadlaka.

Le wenguquko wayengekho ngaphandle ikratshi ethile - ingcamango yonqulo ukuthobeka, kuyabonakala ukuba, xa iimfundiso zalo ezisisiseko ndingekho. Nakubhalwa wahlala indlela ebalulekileyo nempembelelo iingqondo zabantu, nto leyo esetyenziselwa 'yokwaphuka aura wobungcwele. " A nombono kukho umntu ongambethe Akuthandabuzeki ukuba ukhwankqe kunene ke ubuyazi indlela ezantsi uluntu olu. imfundiso yakhe indishiye ubukho enkulu.

lwezenzululwazi oluthe

kweminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu emva yamaLuthere Reformation, siphantsi omnye revolution ekuqondeni indlela iinkqubo zethu luvo banxibelelane okusingqongileyo ngenxa nangecandelo elisakhulayo of neuroscience. abantu abangenamonde ebilindelekile eneneni, ukuba yonke imibandela ebalaseleyo enxulumene biology, awanalo ilungelo lokuba khona. Nakuba kunjalo, inzululwazi kwengqondo - yokuziqeqesha eselula, kunye nenkqubela kwaphunyezwa imali ekhoyo, kakade ngogwayimbo.

Nangona indlela yenzululwazi ezingqondweni hayi ziyaqondwa ngokupheleleyo, enye into ayinakuphikiswa - ezingqondweni ixhomekeke emzimbeni. Akukho umzimba, akukho engqondweni, ke ngoko, akukho nto injalo nje umphefumlo.

A kota ezifana ezingqondweni, sele unomdla kwintanda-bulumko kaPlato noAristotle. Kwamandulo, lo mxholo yaba sisiseko yeeseti ngemigudu yabo.

Uxokonyezelelwe umzimba nomphefumlo?

In sezibalo French kwinkulungwane XVII, sezinto sobulumko Rene Dekart wandisa isigama engqondweni, ebonisa ukuba umzimba nengqondo ezizimeleyo yaye enxulumene omnye nomnye.

Njengoko kuphakanyiswe Daniel Dennett kunye nezinye izazinzulu, bengasenasazela ayimeleyo inkqubo ethile ebuchotsheni okanye emzimbeni. Kunoko, oko kuvela kuluhlu iinkqubo ezincinane, zihlangene ngendlela ekhethekileyo ukwenza senzeko enkulu. Oku kubonakala izifo ezininzi luvo abantu bayahlupheka xa elinye kwikhonkco chain elingqukuva kudala uqhagamshelo engaqhelekanga.

Akwaziwa nokuba wesekethe elibhaqiweyo ezihlangeneyo, kodwa ingqondo nomzimba - ezi ziganeko eyahlukileyo, kanye njengoko ingqondo yokucinga ayikho into evakalayo nenengqiqo kuphela, kodwa esekwe qwa ngokwasemzimbeni kunye intuition.

UMartin Luther, mhlawumbi abangazange ndacinga malunga nento yokuba abantu baya kuxoxa izihloko ukuba abeke phambili Saxony malunga namakhulu amahlanu eminyaka eyadlulayo. Nangona yakhe eneenkani imangaliseke, safudukela kude isihloko komphefumlo.

Umoya kunye nohlobo bemvelo ngamnye iingqiqo ezahlukeneyo kwaye aluhambisani. Sengathi konke ayikho kakuhle, siya kugxininisa Eyokuqiqa ka izithunzi eludongeni, endaweni yokucela kumthombo wokukhanya.