Le metal kakhulu conductive ehlabathini

Ixabiso iintsimbi kumiselwa ngqo nge chemical labo kunye neempawu zomzimba. Kwimeko umlinganiselo enjalo, njengoko Unikezelo lombane, ubudlelwane ayikho ilula kakhulu. metal kakhulu conductive, ukuba isalathisi ilinganiswa bushushu (+20 ° C), - zesilivere. Kodwa ke iindleko eziphezulu kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa izahlulo isilivere zombane kunye microelectronics. izinto yesiliva izixhobo ezinjalo zisebenza kuphela kwimeko bona kwezoqoqosho.

Intsingiselo yesitalato conductivity

Ukusetyenziswa ababhexeshi ebuntsimbi unembali ende-emi. Izazinzulu neenjineli abasebenza emasimini yenzululwazi kunye nobugcisa, esebenzisa amandla ombane ixesha elide ukumisela izinto ezintambo, ezinjengeetheminali, abafowunelwa, eziprintiweyo iibhodi zeesekethe , njalo njalo. D. Chonga intsimbi kakhulu conductive ehlabathini kunceda ubuninzi emzimbeni ebizwa ngokuba conductivity yombane.

Concept Uhanjiso umva ukumelana zombane. Ubuninzi conductivity ibinzana ezinxulumene neyunithi ukuxhathisa, apho inkqubo ngamazwe leeyunithi (SI) ulinganiswa ohms. Iyunithi conductivity ngumbane SI - Siemens. nesikhundla Russian kule yunithi - Yabona, ngamazwe - S. Electric conductivity 1 inxalenye cm unalo womnatha zombane kunye ukungawi 1 ohms.

conductivity

Kukala inkqunto ukuqhuba electric current ebizwa conductivity. I aphezulu kwesi salathisi unalo intsimbi kakhulu conductive. Olu phawu ukuze ayeqingqelwe nayiphi na into okanye medium instrumentally kwaye yindlela yamanani. Conductivity zezindlu umqhubi ubude unit kwaye iyunithi cross-wecandelo indawo enxulumene resistivity-ndlebe nomqhubi.

unit System conductivity yi Siemens meter nganye - S / m. Ukuze ufumanise ukuba yeyiphi na iintsimbi yesinyithi kakhulu conductive ehlabathini, ngokwaneleyo ukuba ukuthelekisa conductivity zabo, sizimisele ngokomfuniselo. Umfundi omnye ukucacisa resistivity esebenzisa isixhobo okhethekileyo - microohmmeter. Ezi iimpawu nguqu.

conductivity zesinyithi

kanye Ingcamango kagesi njenge flow kwe amasuntswana ebizwayo babonakala izinto ivumelane ngaphezulu ngokusekelwe yikristale ezikrobeni iintsimbi azalwa. abathwali Charge xa umsinga yombane insimbi kukhona electron simahla kunye ion azikho, njengoko yenzeka eendaba lulwelo. Kuye kwamiselwa ngokomfuniselo ukuba xa ayihambiselani kwenzeke ngo transfer kweziyobisi iintsimbi kwamaqondo eparticulate phakathi abaqhubi.

izinto zentsimbi ziyahluka kwezinye iibhondi ezisimahla kwinqanaba atomic. Isixhobo engaphakathi wentsimbi luphawulwa ubukho inani elikhulu "ibalula" electron. leyo, xa sisiva ukuba uhlobo incinane imikhosi kagesi flow ngqo. Ngoko ke, akukho iintsimbi iyamangalisa abaqhubi kakuhle ngoku sombane, kwaye unxibelelwano emolekyuli ezinjalo ziyahluka metal kakhulu conductive. Ngomhla iimpawu ngesakhiwo yikristale emkhusaneni lomnye metal ngokusekelwe iimpawu zazo ezithile - ubushushu conductivity eliphezulu.

Kwe izinikezeli best - iintsimbi

4 metal kokuba ixabiso aluncedo enokusetyenziswa njengendawo zombane zabiwa ngendlela zilandelayo ubukhulu ngokubhekiselele conductivity, kulinganiswa kwi cm / m:

1. Silver - 62,5 yezigidi.
2. Copper - 59,5 yezigidi.
3. Gold - 45.5 yezigidi.
4. Aluminium - 38 million.

Oku kunokubonwa ukuba metal kakhulu conductive - zesilivere. Kodwa ezifana negolide, lisetyenziswa ukuseka uthungelwano zombane kuphela kwiimeko ezizodwa, ezithile. Isizathu - iindleko eziphezulu.

Kodwa yobhedu aluminiyam - yeyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yeemveliso zombane intambo ngenxa nokumelana yabo current zombane kunye nokufikeleleka. Ezinye iintsimbi asetyenziswe ngababhexeshi ezinqabileyo.

Neemeko eziphembelela conductivity zesinyithi

Nditsho metal conductive kunciphisa conductivity yayo xa kukho ezinye ongeziweyo akhoyo kunye ukungcola. Ngo-aluminiyamu ngaphandle isakhiwo metal emkhusaneni "ezicocekileyo". Yohluka iphula-macala, amathanda kunye nezinye izifo. Le conductivity sinciphile kwaye xa nokunyuka lobushushu ngumsindo.

uxhathiso Ukwanda ezendeleyo aluminiyamu isetyenziswa zivula iziqalelo. Nje kwenzeka ukuba nokuveliswa izinto zokusebenza zombane, izifudumezi nichrome asetyenziswa, fechral kunye nezinye aluminium.

Uninzi metal conductive - le Nesilivere ebengezelayo kakhulu elide esetyenziswa bejewellery, ayenza njl Noko ke, ubuchule kunye ngesixhobo chemical yayo ethile kunye neempawu zomzimba zisetyenziswa kakhulu ... Umzekelo, ngaphandle ukusebenzisa iindawo kunye lokubolekwa eliphantsi ukutyabeka ukumelana yesilivere kuthintela iqela loqhagamshelwano evela igcwala. Iimpawu ezizodwa zesilivere kunye aluminium yayo evame basebenzise kufanelekile oko, nangona iindleko eziphezulu.