Uluntu kunye norhulumente komthetho: ubudlelwane izisekelo

Phakathi kukarhulumente kunye nomthetho, kukho ubuhlobo kakhulu. Urhulumente kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo umsebenzi kudala imithetho zomthetho asebenzise kubo, kwanyanzeleka ukuba uluntu yingqokelela yabantu abahlala zikarhulumente, ukuba ukubalandela. Ngoko ke, zonke urhulumente ivelisa ikhowudi osemthethweni kwaye zikhokelwa, kodwa ingaba onke karhulumente ngenxa yale enyanisweni, akunakuba kuthiwe omthetho? Ngokucacileyo ke, kwiimeko apho imithetho karhulumente amalungelo nenkululeko yabemi balo, kwaye kubanika ithuba ku tiva umthetho wendalo, xa elime ezinkulu zabemi ngaphandle ukusuka kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho , kwaye awukwazi kuba nefuthe kwinto eyenziwayo yomthetho, akakwazi ukulawula izixhobo igunya phezu nokulandelwa amalungelo abemi xa imithetho isicelo emane - xa imeko ngokusemthethweni ukuthetha ekuqaleni.

isimo Legal ngeke kwenzeke ngaphandle uluntu, nto leyo kwinqanaba eyaneleyo nophuhliso. Eneneni, ubukho uluntu enjalo - oku isibaluli ukuba urhulumente bangathunyelwa zoMthetho. Qwalasela uluntu kunye nokulawula komthetho. Ziziphi ezi magama mabini, ekubeni unxulumano phakathi kwabo usondele kakhulu ndlela mbini?

Nakule-bulumko, karhulumente umthetho-based ixesha elide ezichongiweyo lokusekwa karhulumente phantsi kolawulo "Abalawuli izilumko". Le mbono wesakhiwo oluntu yi "top" yabangela nepaki ezininzi. Kodwa Ukukhanya kuqala ngokutsha ingcamango yokuseka ulawulo lomthetho, nto leyo xiya iminqweno kunye neminqweno iindimbane. Wabonakala baqala ukuphuhlisa ingqikelelo oluntu. Jean-Zhak Russo, ngokuqulunqa ingqiqo ka "contract lwentlalo" okwesihlandlo sokuqala zizakubalulwa phakathi terimny ezifana uluntu kunye ukulawula komthetho. La mabini - "Republic" yaye "umbutho" abemi babe iingxaki zabo, maxa wambi eziphikisanayo kunye bamchasa uYesu. Xa igunya karhulumente lomthetho kunye noluntu njengoko kubhaliwe "utyikitye isivumelwano" kwi bahloniphane yaye bazimisele ukuthobela imithetho ethile (imithetho).

Isifundo licokisekileyo ingxaki kwemida yoluntu karhulumente kunye yoluntu wacebisa ukuba Hegel. Ucinga ukuba uluntu kunye norhulumente njengeziko elizimeleyo. Ngoko ke, kukho ubudlelwane obucacileyo oluntu kunye nokulawula komthetho. Le yokugqibela zimelwe kwaye izenzo ngokungqongqo emhlabeni kuchazwe kumndilili rhandza ka abemi. Ukuba sizama isenza undoqo luluntu, kuba kwisigaba ukuphunyezwa yomthetho zabucala neminqweno yabantu.

Xa umthetho, kukho iimpawu ezithile. Nguwo lo umthetho, apho wonke umntu uyalingana phambi komthetho kwaye zikhuselwe ukusuka nalwazelelelo koogunyaziwe. Oku kufuneka ukwahlulwa noomagunya, nezigwebo, elawulayo mthetho (kumazwe amaninzi aphuhlileyo, imibutho yoluntu kunye karhulumente lomthetho oxhulumene kule ndawo ukuba inkampani uzalisekisa umsebenzi wegunya abaziisuphavayiza phezu izenzo koogunyaziwe). Le yiprayorithi amalungelo abemi kunye nenkululeko zabo kunye nomdla yombuso xa ingathotyelwanga phambili, kunye neminqweno yabantu, kubemi lizwe. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, lo ngowona msebenzi karhulumente kunye ngamnye. Oko kukuthi, umntu unako ukuveza nantoni oyithandayo, lo gama nje loo nto iyangqubana amalungelo abanye.

Umlinganiselo kwezomthetho karhulumente kunye noluntu ingachazwa ngendlela yokuba uluntu ihambisana into efana isiseko loluntu karhulumente. karhulumente ngokomthetho akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kweli candelo. Kodwa awunakho ukwenza ngolunye uhlobo. uluntu ngaphandle ulawulo lomthetho kunokwenzeka - kodwa igcwele kwabo bantu ngamandla abo ngoyaba umdla, uluntu sele oqolileyo esebenzayo.

Kodwa yonke imisebenzi yasekuhlaleni ejoliswe ukwakha okanye ukugcina ulawulo lomthetho, nokuba urhulumente ebizwa izenzo zayo phantsi uzinzo kunye kakubi igunya. luluntu zikarhulumente kuphuhliswa efuna ukuze kuxhotyiswe uluntu lwezomthetho ezihlala kuzo. Ngokucacileyo, le uluntu kunye norhulumente zomthetho zenza kwinkqubo organic zentlalo, apho omabini amacandelo anikane inkxaso kunye ezihlobeneyo.