Le wempi inkulu ehlabathini. iinqanawa Russian. Iinqanawa entsha

wempi inkulu ehlabathini yakhiwa eRashiya. Le nqanawa ubukrelekrele ngokuba "phambene".

Uphuhliso unique waba intlekele yokwenene sisemanzini wezithuthi zasekhaya. Oku kwaqala inombolo. Okumangalisayo kukuba, amakhulu edibeneyo khetho lukhethiwe, 1941 Akukho mfuneko ukuba achaze oko ebangela umbutho kwezi manani ngezigidi zabantu. Le eyimfihlakalo ityala okanye hayi, kodwa iprojekthi "phambene", nto leyo Sasichitha ngaphezu kwezigidi engange yiSoviet ekugqibeleni akazange azise nayiphi na inzuzo.

Kutheni luyimfuneko

Ukuze siqonde injongo apho abayili Soviet udale wempi inkulu ehlabathini, waphethulela ingqalelo yabo kwicandelo esemazantsi Pacific Ocean. Ukuba kukho umhlaba uqeqesho American top-emfihlekweni, apho umhlaba enjalo imijukujelwa ballistic ezifana MX kunye "Minimes", Sanduluka eCalifornia uvavanyo. Ukususela ngo-1983, le ndawo idlale indima, yaye elinye iziko lophando likarhulumente, eqonda inyathelo wokhuselo qhinga. Ingcamango yendalo yayo bobabo uRonald Reagan, wayecebe ukuba izixhobo eSoviet Union. Kungekudala, lo kwiinda baqala awasungule imijukujelwa onjongo yawo ukuvimbela batshabalalise zikhali Soviet. data Telemetry kwiimvavanyo ezinjalo kucacise amaqhinga Reagan, kodwa indlela azakuyifumana? iinqanawa ezithwala ezifana "Academician Queen" okanye "Cosmonaut uYuri Gagarin" ngeenjongo intelligence khange elungileyo. Nangona ezi iinqanawa baxhotyiswe kunye nenkqubo ekhethekileyo uvavanyo-umlinganiselo iliso izinto isithuba, abazange bakwazi ukuvelisa ngolwazi lobuntlola into eyenzekayo isiseko ngasentla e Kwajalein.

Esona sizathu kukuba abazange babe radar ukusebenza ayenza ukufumana imiyalezo ethunyelwe satellites zasekhaya kuphela. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho ingcamango ukwakha wempi enamandla, ekwaziyo ulungiso yonke ingcaciso ekhoyo malunga nayiphi na into subcosmic kuyo nayiphi na inxalenye isikhokelo kuzo zonke iinkalo elwandle. Ukususela ngo 1941 phantsi inombolo yeprojekthi kuye kwavela - "Titan". It iphuhliswe ngokwesiseko iLeningrad yoyilo bureau ebizwa ngokuba "Iceberg" yaye yakha yenqanawa isityalo aseBalti ogama emva Ordzhonikidze.

umsebenzi onzima

Ukwenzela ukudala wempi inkulu ehlabathini, nezixhotyiswe ngeteknoloji entsha, oko kwakufuneka elektroniki enamandla, okanye ukuqokelela imali enkulu ulwazi malunga trial run of izikhali zaseMelika akwenzeki. Ngomhla ekudalweni eziyimfuneko "phambene" isixhobo wasebenza elinesibhozo nabaphathiswa ndawonye inxaxheba ofisi zabo uyilo kunye namaziko ophando. Kukuxhobisa iingcali izixhobo inqanawa wadala le njongo imveliso iLeningrad kunye namashishini zobugcisa inxaxheba.

iziphumo zomsebenzi

Le wempi inkulu ehlabathini yafakwa nge inkqubo enamandla yokucupha "Coral". Oku kusekelwe phezulu-yokusebenza iinkqubo ezisixhenxe elektroniki. ulwazi Unique adluliselwa ngexesha ikhompyutha. Bafundisa ithuba States iimpawu naziphi na izinto isithuba kumgama ophosa. Njengoko koqobo amangalelwe buyo ezihamba "phambene" ukwakheka igesi Exhaust unako ukumisela amacandelo amafutha mfihlakalo. Ukongeza, le wempi inkulu Russian balihlutha yokusebenza ebalaseleyo ukuzithethelela. Ngoko ke, oko baxhotyiswa kunye zokudubula, bahambelana malunga ukuya ngezikhali zamanyangaza. Ezakhiwe ngokwaneleyo imizuzu ubuncinane amabini yokulwa rhoqo. Nangasemva kwakukho moya yokuma, apho babehleli kwamaphiko ntaka Ka-32.

Le crew ukulwa

Ukulawula "phambene" iqela Kwakufuneka amawaka, amagosa egunyazisa kubo ubuncinane ezine kunye namagosa. Bekucingelwa ukwahlulwa zakhiwo crew ngolwazi lobuntlola kwiinkonzo ezintandathu.

Le abayili Ukuqinisekisa malunga imiqathango ezinye umyalelo yomkhosi. Ngoko, kwi "phambene" banikwa igumbi eliqhumayo,-bhanyabhanya kunye umthambo, igumbi snooker, oomatshini bokungcakaza, swimming pool kanye ngamagumbi ashushu ezimbini, kwakunye nohlobo langaphakathi.

Kakade ke, ukuze ukulungiselela izixhobo nayo yonke enye into kwakufuneka umzimba ubukhulu ezifanelekileyo. Isiseko ukwakhiwa 1144 wathabatha iprojekthi "laseKirov" (nuclear-enikwe enomjukujelwa Cruiser). Ngenxa yoko, "phambene" yaqhayisa ubude kwamabala amabini ekhatywayo ukuphakama ukusuka zikhangeleke ukuya ilori kunye nendlu dvadtsativosmietazhny!

ezinkulu

Amathemba eziqhotyoshelwe "phambene" yi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa lezoKhuselo waseUSSR, baba nje enkulu. Oku kungqinwa yinto yokuba lowo wengcibi yokuluka oyintloko yeprojekthi Arkharova ezinganxulumananga emkhosini, emva kokuba umsebenzi yawongwa kungekuphela nje uHero Socialist Yabasebenzi, kodwa yangasemva Admiral.

"Phambene" mvume kwenzeka ngo-1983. Kwiminyaka emithandathu kamva, wangena wokulwa amandla waseManzini USSR. Kulo nyaka, inqanawa yaya kwindawo isiseko abasisigxina wePasifiki.

Bonke baya kakuhle ekuqaleni. Eli qela bahlolwa ngempumelelo zonke iimpawu izixhobo ekhethekileyo. "Phambene" lula wafumana oqala US isiphekepheke "Columbia", ibekwe kwiikhilomitha amawaka kude. Enqanaweni bekukho ulwazi olungaphezulu nangaphezulu malunga iintshukumo yokulwa izixhobo. Noko ke, ukusebenza kunye rhoqo ephuma le nkqubo yinkqubo entsonkothileyo kakhulu. Le meko ncono xa "phambene" ufikile kwiPasifiki - endaweni yokuba ukuthunyelwa esisigxina.

Iphulo lokuqala enqanaweni ekhethekileyo yajika wokugqibela. udonga kwini zange abeyilungisele yona uDavide; ngoko ke akukho mbane, akukho amafutha, kungekho manzi akazange kubonelelwa ukusuka kunxweme kunokwenzeka. Boilers neejenereyitha diesel "phambene" soze uyicime, kunciphisa ubomi kwinkonzo exabisekileyo, leyo kuthiwa ukuchitha kuphela ngexesha amaphulo. Sinokuthi umkhombe 'adle "ngokwayo. Ukongeza, ngo-1990 kwi "phambene" kwabakho umlilo, ebangela ukungaphumeleli kwenzeke igumbi aft injini. Ngaphezu konyaka koovimba bombane wazaliseka umatshini impumlo, kodwa emva koko yatshiswa, yaye wakwenza. Emva koko, le mithombo kuphela yamandla kuphela umbane ngexesha likaxakeka. Iingxowa-mali yokulungisa wayengekho.

ehlazisayo

Ngowe-1992 waba antywiliselwa yi zezona reactor zenyukliya enqanaweni. Yena wabekwa pier kude waza wajika waba ligosa enkulu yokulala. La-33 "phambene" waqala rhabaxa ukubiza kayutonostsem, kwaye imela "imoto ekhethekileyo ulele."

nesimo sangoku

iinqanawa Russian ukuze lifane ngokupheleleyo ulwahlulohlulo yamkelwa ehlabathini. Uziphethe iinqanawa lixesha kufakwe loyilo lwala maxesha. Le ngqokelela yezithuthi isoloko iphuculwe.

"Admiral Kuznetsov"

Iinqanawa inkulu Russian, Kakade ke, emelwe ludidi abathwali moya. Fleet Ukuzingca - moya-ephethe Cruiser "Admiral Kuznetsov". On ube ububanzi balo leemitha asixhenxe ezibekwe ntaka mahlanu moya kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo. isitya vehicles Corps. Uyakwazi ukumelana isimangalo hit mass ngqo kilograms ezine.

"Pet Veliky"

iinqanawa Russian kwaye aludumbanga, ezintlwini cruisers. Ngoko ke, impembelelo irula inqanawa "Pet Veliky" Liquka amandla Navy yanamhlanje. zakhona amandla enyukliya yenzelwe iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu zokusebenza. Yeyona flagship phaya kuMntla Fleet - amaqela moya yendudumo kukothuka. Isantya ezingamashumi amabini amaqhina zigcinwe ngokungenammiselo kwi ikhosi kwiziko senyukliya. inkxaso yobomi izimele crew ngokwaneleyo iintsuku ezingamashumi amathandathu.

Shock izakhiwo imijukujelwa iza esilungiselelwe uluhlu km abangaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu. inkqubo enye enyanisekilyo ulwalathiso qela: yayakhiwe kwi multivariable abakrelekrele ulawulo algorithm.

"Varyag"

iinqanawa Modern anikele olunye Cruiser enamandla - "Varyag". Iyafana iinqanawa enomjukujelwa American "Ticonderoga" series, kodwa iphuhlise isantya esiphezulu neempawu i firepower umxhelo.

Iinqanawa ezintsha kungekudala aza iklasi iinqanawa ukubetha emanzini thaca. iingcali Russian Siceba ukutsala ezi izinto ezintsha phezu kwamanzi kufutshane ukuya ku-2020. Xa inkqubo yokudala corvettes ecolekileyo, enobuchule kunye frigates.

Iinqanawa kakhulu kwi "ngabagcini 'isibindi kwimikhosi aselwandle. iinqanawa Russian baye iinkokeli zehlabathi ngokwe: ubukho kwi-ebhodini Aviation Ukukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi firepower, ukuzimela, elektroniki ultramodern, iimpawu Ukuphathwa emihle.

Uninzi iiprojekthi eziphambili zezi iindleko ezahlukeneyo ophantsi nokusekwa nokusebenza, engqamana eziqhubekayo ehlabathini. Ngokutsho manani, ngoku inani le zithuthi Russian ayikho iziqwenga ngaphantsi kwe ezimakhulu mabini. Ngelishwa, ezinye iinqanawa lixesha emzimbeni, musa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezintsha zala idabi yomkhosi wamanzi, kufuneka ukuba yala maxesha okanye ukulungisa. Ngaphezulu, inkxaso-mali eyongezelelweyo ifuna iinkonzo lokuhlola amanzi, iindawo zaselwandle kunye neempahla abancedisayo.

Le inkulu umkhumbi wempi

"Santísima Trinidad" - ingxilimbela yokwenene phakathi iinqanawa iyingangamsha. Yandululwa Havana umva ngo-1769. Waye ingqalelo ukuba izithuthi Spanish iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu anesihlanu eminyaka. yonke igobhogobho yenziwe ngezixhobo okuhlala kakhulu imali eninzi - iinkuni Cuba ebomvu. Ububanzi iiplanga lafikelela iisentimitha amathandathu, nto leyo eyenza isikhephe phantse yayingenakuzika.

Le kwezikhali kolwandle isigebenga liqulethe ikhulu elinamanci mathathu ngemipu of calibers ezahlukeneyo kakhulu. Emva yokuhlaziyela kumgangatho sele elinamanci mane anesine ngexesha ezona zixhobo ezinamandla ngayo. Eli qela liqulethe kwamakhulu asibhozo ukuya kwenye amawaka abantu, anamakhulu mabini.

esiya kwenza izinto ezibalulekileyo

Ngexesha yaseMelika yoTshintshiselwano ngoLwazi, i "Santísima Trinidad" waba umsebenzi ukugxotha British iinqanawa iintshaba kwi IsiNgesi Channel. Ngexesha idabi kufuphi Cape St Vincent nqanawa wasinda amabanjwa British.

kwasekuqaleni

Le yokugqibela ngokuba "Santísima Trinidad" yaba Idabi Trafalgar. Loo ngomkhombe idabi kunayo kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Wachaza inqanawa badlale indima yokuba inkokeli yomkhosi Franco-Spanish. Ukukhokela IsiNgesi umkhombe "Victoria". Oko ijolise onke amandla kwi "Santísima Trinidad" njengoko iqela kakhulu yingozi. Ngelo xesha linye umkhombe yahlaselwa Zempi British ezisibhozo. Ngamnye kubo hayi ngaphantsi kwe imipu asixhenxe anesibini, kodwa azikwazi ukumelana imisebenzi yabo, "Santísima Trinidad 'ukuba lezimali. Inqanawa elikhulu sahamba sele emva izisebenzi malunga abane balimala, kwaye malunga nenani elifanayo babulawa. kwiintsuku ezimbini emva kwedabi umkhombe, kwagqitywa ekubeni onogumbe. Ngoko ke, eye zisabonakala indalo unique wezandla zabantu.