Lens sezibuko: iintlobo, ukhetho, ingcebiso

Long ingasekho le mihla xa umntu yamehlo ukuba sithembele kuphela iiglasi ikwisakhelo yeplastiki ngeglasi ubukhulu kunye lenses enzima. zamehlo Modern kufuneka anikele eninzi Ukrainian lunee ntlobo ezahlukeneyo kumxholo othi: "sezibuko". Ke undi ngoku ukuvelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kakhulu yaye izinto ezahlukeneyo.

A bit of imbali ...

Sisihlandlo sokuqala izibuko enokufunyanwa amaxwebhu imvelaphi yayo elandwa kwinkulungwane ye-13. Le nkcazelo kwisakhelo sokuqala wenziwa apho, waba iqokobhe ufudo. Kwathi China kwiminyaka 2000 eyadlulayo. Around 1000 BC. e. ithe e lofundo lwefayile ngqangi baqalisa ukusebenzisa ngokubonakalayo iglasi.

Xa ncwadi yaba phantsi ifumaneke kuluntu (eli xesha kule ndawo kwinkulungwane ye-15) ziye zithandwa ngakumbi iindondo. Izakhelo, lenses - bonke kude ogqibeleleyo, noyilo wabo eyahlukileyo kancinane kunangoku. Ke umntu okanye iiglasi ukuyibamba ngesandla okanye apha kuzo empumlweni.

Kwinkulungwane ye-17 ekuqaleni eLondon kwakukho iiglasi banikwa iitempile. Yaye ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 yabalasela kukuba iilensi zeendondo ophezulu olusemgangathweni lasungulwa eJamani. Baye zazenziwe zeglasi, yaye le meko kwaqhubeka de 1940, xa Pittsburgh uvelise olutsha uhlobo ngeplastiki, nto leyo eye yaba okhuphisana ufanelwe kwiglasi - ethe kwaye kunzima ngokwaneleyo.

Kwiminyaka engama-75 ezayo ngokukhanya eziphuhliswe ephala. lens mihla yanamhlanje zihlelwa ngokungqinelana parameters mass kunokumnceda umntu naziphi na izifo amehlo.

Izinto zokwakha ngokuba nokuveliswa lens

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, iilensi zeendondo unokuba zeglasi (zingaphiliyo) okanye iplastiki (organic). Glass ekuveliseni lens asetyenziswa ixesha elide. Le nto iye iimpawu ezigqwesileyo enombala, ngempumelelo sikhusela amehlo kwimitha UV. (Iglasi) ubuso bakhe ngokwaneleyo ukukrwela emthini. Noko ke, lenses iglasi lunzima kakhulu kwaye liyajiya zeplastiki, uze uwabeke kwisakhelo mihla akusoloko kusenzeka.

Mbono isekelwe polycarbonate ukubhitya ngokukhanya xa kuthelekiswa ne ngeglasi. Ukongeza, ukuba nempembelelo ukumelana, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba ukunxiba ngokulula aba iiglasi abantwana kunye nabantu ababandakanyekayo kwezemidlalo. Le izinto unesakhono ukukhusela amehlo kwimitha yelanga.

Ukususela ngo-2000, imarike kukho ezinye izinto kuba nokuveliswa iilensi zeendondo - trayveks.

Ezahlukeneyo ze isiphumo woqondo lens

Lens izibuko ukuze emehlweni (okanye mandithi, ukulungiswa kwayo) yeziphumo zabo optic ungqukuva, astigmatic kunye afocal.

Abantu abanengxaki hyperopia okanye ukubona, lenses ungqukuva uya ivumelane kakhulu. Igama astigmatic obuliqilima. Eyona ndawo lwesicelo - ukulungiswa astigmatism. Kwaye ke iilensi zezindlu afunelwa astigmatism elula, naphantsi ezintsonkothileyo okanye oxutyiweyo - toric.

lens Afocal abanalo ngokubanzi naziphi na iimpawu ezamehlo. Ezi zibuko kungenziwa kunxitywa nokuba amadoda kungekho naziphi na iingxaki kunye Ukunakana into ebonwayo, okanye abo babandezeleka aniseikonia (emehlweni am kukho umahluko obonakalayo imifanekiso ubungakanani waqonda). Kulo mzekelo, ekwenziweni iindondo ezifunekayo eykonicheskie lens. Ukuba umntu onesifo strabismus - iiglasi ukwenza afocal kunye lenses prismatic.

Izowuni okubonakalayo kunye nenani

imimandla Optical kwi ilens abe mbalwa, ngoko inani labo iindidi zohlelo kunokwenzeka ezifana umbono elinye ezininzi. Ezininzi, ke, lungohlulwa lube bifocals, trifocals kunye lens okuqhubekayo izibuko.

Monofocal abe mnye ezesini kwaye zisetyenziswa kuphela xa kuyimfuneko ulungiso kumgama single - kufuphi okanye kude. Umda ezi lens kuphelele nokulungiswa astigmatism amandla yokuhlala buthathaka (ukukwazi iliso ukuba utshintshe ingqwalasela ngenxa eziphango okanye yokukhulisa ciliary izihlunu ucutheko) ezinxulumene ne ubudala.

Xa kuyimfuneko ukulungisa embonweni imigama eziliqela, bathi lenses ezininzi.

Umzekelo yokusebenzisa - presbyopia, xa umntu akakwazi ukubona yoshicilelo entle okanye izinto ezincinci ezikufutshane. Nkulu lens ezininzi yaye iza bawubuyise umntu imfuneko ukususa xa uhambisa amehlo ukusuka kumgama mbende and vice versa.

Types lens alufane

lens sezibuko, azizange zenziwa nangantoni eziphathekayo akuyi kuba esizithandayo. Ngelo xesha, ukusetyenziswa Ipeyinti ezahlukeneyo kwenza kube lula ukuphucula kakhulu umgangatho babo kunye namathuba ukusuka ukwanda kwentshukumo umonakalo kunye nongcoliseko kunye nesiphelo oluphuculweyo intuthuzelo olubonakalayo. Khawucinge ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwaye zifunwa phakathi kwabathengi ze inshorensi lens le.

Photochromic - kwenza ukukhusela amehlo kwimpembelelo ngxwaba ultraviolet radiation ngenxa ngamandla ayo ukutshintsha ukosuleleka ukukhanya ngokuxhomekeke ukukhanya. lens wokohlula ukuba isale esisodwa umboniso (filter) kwaye ivumela kuphela nkqo ngamaza okanye reyi unpolarized kwaphela, ngoko, iliso angamvumeli ukusuka ilitha ngamanzi, ikhephu okanye indlela.

Ukwenzela ukunciphisa ubuhlungu xa kubonakala reyi ukukhanya sclera, inwebu okanye lens lisetyenziswa i AR (antirefleksnoe anti-iingcinga) ngeso lenyama.

Lukhuni coating kwandisa ukuxhathisa ekuqaleni lens, kunye hydrophobic sibanika behanahanisa, ngaba angakhuli amanzi, ukungcola nothuli kwaye yenza kube lula ukunyamekela iindondo. Kuba abo bachitha ixesha elininzi ilanga, uya kuba izibuko luncedo ne UV ethintela lenses camera.

isipili ngeso lenyama, olusetyenziswa kuphela kumphezulu olungaphandle lens unokuba imibala eyahlukileyo esetyenziselwa ukwenziwa zelanga. Ukongeza konke oku kungentla, ukutyabeka umbala isicelo ngokubanzi, okt. E. Points Ilens umbala inokuba nomahluko kakhulu.

Ukuntsonkotha ukhetho: iglasi okanye iplastiki?

Okwangoku le iglasi "iliso" phantse akukho eziluncedo phezu noogxa babo polymeric. lens zeplastiki leendondo, kuba apho ixabiso zingahluka ngokuxhomekeke woqondo parameters nokomeleza Ipeyinti, ukukhokela (kwaye nayo elikhulu) kwi-optic emarikeni.

Noko ke, xa kufikwa ulungiso ukubona ophezulu (a thabatha enkulu 10.0 diopters, kwaye ngaphezulu), ukusuka kwindawo yobuhle lwembono, iilensi izimbiwa uya kukhangela kuluncedo ngenxa yokuba babe inyele sokurhuqa ngaphezu koko ngeplastiki.

Ukongeza, iilensi iglasi for iindondo ebisoloko isetyenziswa abenzi, ukuvelisa izixhobo ukukhusela amehlo akho ukusuka elangeni.

index zokunganyangeki: abanye abantu bakhetha?

I zokunganyangeki Isalathisi kwindawo lens wenziwa Iipholima nemiqulu 1.5 ukuya 1,74. Le lens ukubhitya ngokomelela, kungona ratio. Oko: Umlinganiseli ngaphantsi kwaye kuyabiza kakhulu. Xa ukhetha le iresiphi ekunene uya kukhokelwa ugqirha kunye nongqameko amakhonkco lawo, owavela.

Monofocal okanye oluqhubekayo iilensi intlekisa kwi diopter ephantsi (-2 ukuya phinde ngo 2) ingaba zokunganyangeki index kuluhlu ukusuka kwi 1.5 ukuya 1.6. Xa kuna diopters (ukusuka -6 ukuya -2 kunye phinde ngo 2 ukuya +6) umlinganiselo elilelona iya kuba ukususela 1.6 ukuya 1.7. Ukuba amanani diopter abasakwazi phezulu, kuhle ukuba zincede zikhethe lens index zokunganyangeki ngaphezu 1.7.

Ukuba umsebenzisi wakhetha isakhelo eyenziwe ngeplastiki, xa lens yakhe elingqingqwa ezinomlinganiselo encinane ayikho lubonakale njengokuba kwisakhelo kumgca okanye izikrufu. Ukuba Screw sentlalo, oko Kukhethwa ukuba angamarhoqorhoqo, ixesha elide lens t. E. A 'ngumlingani ka ephezulu.

izibuko lens Interchangeable

Kukho abantu abangenayo naziphi na iingxaki kunye nombono wakho, kodwa ke kunjalo ke ukugcina iiglasi zazo umfanekiso banxibe. lens Interchangeable imibala kunye neentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo zinika ithuba ukuthobela imiqathango yalo inkosi yokusingqongileyo apho emi kuyo, ukuze ubone ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke iimeko zemozulu, ekukhanyeni kunye ebumnyameni. lens Grey ukukhusela amehlo kwi ilanga, blue iya kuba imfuno kwi cloudiness bume, Iitransparensi eyenzelwe imozulu welifu, kwaye yellow ukukhanya ngokugqibeleleyo ngamaza evela izibane ngokuhlwa.

Iimbaleki nabo badla ukhetha nkulu lens interchangeable ukuba kube lula itshintshwe intshukumo enye, kodwa uqine. Imilo lens yenzelwe ukuba kufanelekile Ukufudumala ngokusekuhleni, kodwa inika isishwankathelo obalaseleyo. Water-mathumbu ukutyabeka - kwakhona, ingumbandela obalulekileyo lens ezinjalo, lo amanzi angakhuli kuzo, kwaye ngokukhululekileyo kwemali phantsi, kungasali sizizifanya.

uhla amanani

On iilensi zeendondo ixabiso ziyahluka kakhulu. iimveliso azibizi zithathwa, iindleko zeziphi isusela ukususela 1290 ukuya 1700 engange, yilensi ngexabiso didi avareji indleko ukusuka engange 2700 ukuya 9000, yaye ngakumbi njalo. Ukwenza izinto zexabiso ezixabisa engange 12 000 ukuya 26 000. Zonke ingakumbi ngabanye. Ixabiso ixhomekeke ubunzima zizathu: impahla, umbala kunye noyilo ilens, yokuhlikihla isotfwe, lo ubukhulu kunye ukuxozwa lens, ingxelo yawo. Ngokubanzi, kokukona izakhono zemali umthengi, iilensi ezininzi eziphambili, bazi yaye kwangaxeshanye bekhululekile ngenxa iiglasi zazo, kodwa unako ukuthenga.