Lo mboniso imifanekiso - yintoni na le nto? Imigaqo nokuzibonakalisa photos

Digital SLR camera ngoku kukho phantse kuzo zonke usapho, kodwa ukuba usebenzise indlela ukuze baqonde bonke awukhathazeki. Ukuba umfoti ngifuna, ngoko eli nqaku wena! Exposure kufota - iziseko zawo kufota umsebenzi. Awukwazi ukwenza nayiphi na isakhelo elungileyo, ukuba awunalo nofifi ngayo. Lo kufota isifundo sokuqala. Kufuneka nje ukwazi imithetho sesichengeni kufota. Imida ezifakwe kulo mba, xa uqala kubonakala ukuba entsonkothileyo kakhulu.

Ngoko ke, sijonga oko mboniso photo. Indlela yokuphepha iimpazamo makhwelo abafoti? Kufuneka bafunde kuqala isigama samabanga aphantsi, kuba ngaphandle awusokuze ukuqonda nokuba kwingxelo enye, kwaye ayikwazi practice ukusebenzisa icebiso amanqaku abaqeqeshiweyo.

ngokoMthetho

Lo mboniso imifanekiso - oku uluhlu yemida ezithile, nganye kuzo lumiselwe kwimeko apho bhanyabhanya. igajethi wakho, ngemehlo, uvelisa isixa elilinganisiweyo ukukhanya engena evela ngaphandle, kwaye uthumela nezicwangciso imiyalelo. ukukhanya Good - into efunekayo ukuze ifoto elungileyo.

parameters exposure

Makhe sihlolisise ixabiso sesichengeni parameters.

• Uvalo (f). Ukugxininisa devaysa bakho ezinamagqabi ezingcakacileyo (iplastiki okanye intsimbi), apho uvula naxa uvala umngxuma lens. Emngxunyeni amagunya wobhobhozayo ukukhanya bekuza ngemehlo. Eli xabiso ephawulwe unobumba f, ngelixa inani elilandelayo ukubonisa ukubaluleka encinane okanye enkulu. Kukho into enje njengoko f-inani. It luchazwa ngu F / x. Kulo iqhekeza x - lo ilens ubude.
• Ngcali. Le parameter ulinganiswa imizuzwana namaqhezu lemizuzwana. Oku kuthetha ukuba ixesha ukungakhuseleki umqadi ukukhanya izinto ezibuthathaka lwecamera.
• Photosensitivity (ISO) ibonisa indlela ifilimu okanye matrix iphendula wobhobhozayo ukukhanya. I eliphezulu inani ISO, i mhlophe umfanekiso.

ibhalansi emhlophe

Enye i parameters ibaluleke ukutola - ulungelelwano emhlophe. BB inoxanduva imibala lezakhelo zakho. Esi parameter oluxandileyo, ukuze iphathwayo ngexesha lokudubula yesiqhelo. Kwanele silungisa igajethi yakho.

Kwenzeka ke ukuba photographer akaneliseki umbala lomsebenzi weklayenti in lezakhelo. Oku kuthetha ukuba kuyimfuneko ukulungisa omhlophe balance ngokwakho. Ukulungiselela le njongo, ikhadi engwevu. Ukuba akunjalo, ngoko uthabathe nje ifoto noxwebhu emhlophe ephepheni. Its igajethi yakho, kwaye aya kuzithathela njengesalathisi. Kukho enye indlela emilukweni ungakhetha enye yeenketho: Isibekele, Tungsten, ukukhanya eziJiko-njalo.

Ukusuka iingcali uyakwazi nam ndingakhe ndimve ibinzana elithi "ekspopara" yaye "unxantathu ukusuleleka."

Ekspopara - imbobo eyenzelwe abantu nesantya shutter. Exposure Triangle - zonke zontathu iparameters zikhankanywe apha ngentla. Kufuneka aqaphele kakhulu ekuthatheni imifanekiso kwimo yokusebenza ngesandla, kuba apha ungabeka parameter nganye nganye. Kufuneka uyazi: ukutshintsha nganye parameters aboniswe emfanekisweni.

Ukudlala uvalo: isiphumo bokeh

Leswi swi igama funny? Oku xa ifoto ubonisa umntu ngeenxa zonke kuye ubone imvelaphi luzizi, kucacile izangqa, amachaphaza, iqhwa, ngemivumbo umbala obomvu. Imvelaphi ibukeka kahle, yaye akukho nto esizoyikayo naye emehlweni. ukusebenza bokeh ekwaziyo imifanekiso enesithukuthezi wenze wobugcisa! Makhe abuye ukuqhelisela.

izilungiselelo zakho okubonakalayo

Phezu koko, umgaqo, kuxhomekeke isiphumo bokeh? Ukuba ufuna ukufumana isiphumo ezime ngokukodwa, alikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle okucoca ezizodwa zibekwa nje phezu lens. Ukuze ube imvelaphi eluziziz kufuneka nje ukusebenza kwizicwangciso igajethi.

Ngoko bokeh sixhomekeka:

• ubunzulu isithuba;
• ukudubula isidanga Objects intsimi.

The degree of kweso kuxhomekeke parameters zilandelayo:

• Imbobo. Lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kakhulu. Esiqwene ngaphezulu livulekile, i luzizi ngakumbi kwisiqalo kuba. Enika! Lumka xa ufaka emngxunyeni oluvulekileyo. Ukuba umntu omnye kulo mfanekiso uya kuphumelela, mhlawumbi, kakuhle, iqela labantu okanye isakhiwo kungenzeka ukuba kube imfiliba. Sebenzisa ukusebenza bokeh ngayo ingqiqo, kungekhona kuyo yonke indawo efanelekileyo.
• Ubude ebalulekile. Ukuba liphakamile ixabiso, i ucaca ngakumbi umphumo uya kuba. Xa ngokukhanya bakho ufanelekile zoom lens, kulula ukuba bajije ngeenxa.
• Umgama ukuya into ukudubula. Okukhona uze loo mntu, kokukhona amathuba kwisiqalo elihle imfiliba. Musa ungayibaxi, ngenxa yokuba ifowuni kusafuneka ukunyenyisa ingqwalasela. Ngeyona ndlela inenzuzo enkulu, phakathi umntu kunye imvelaphi iza kuba umgama semitha enye. Ke kwisiqalo kuba wobugcisa.

Abantu ababhalelwayo umfanekiso - oku isonka, sebenzela-beso lenses. Le izixhobo yobungcali imali eninzi, kodwa isiphumo lens bokeh kuvela kakhulu.

Ukuze kweso nazo lens ezifanelekileyo olukhulu kunye lens ngobude imfiliba. Imfuno kuqala ukuze ke kudutyulwe izinto ezincinane kakhulu.

ukusebenza Bokeh nezinto ezikhoyo

Ukudala nempembelelo kweso, kufuneka uthenge ezininzi okucoca zexabiso kunye nekhamera ukuwathuthumbisa useto ezintsonkothileyo. yokusindisa abaninzi professional kuthetha iyafumaneka. Oku ingaba:

• film polyethylene;
• Ilaphu ezilula (chiffon, organza);
• amatshefu usebenzisa indlela yenkqubo enomdla.

ingasetyenziswa Ezi zinto njengokusemva. Musa ukulibala: ekuphumeleliseni phakathi imvelaphi kunye into yaba umgama semitha enye.

Kukho enye indlela yokusebenzisa ingxowa yeplastiki. Phinda uyijikelezise ilens, ngoko ukuba kukho umsantsa encinane apho ukuxuma sifundo. iphakheji Secure ingaba iingceba tape.

Sika sisiqwenga iglasi ephilayo, ikhadibhodi, isangqa orgalipta okanye enye imilo olufunekayo. Loo lokucoca ekhaya iya kwenza ifoto ekhethekileyo, kodwa indlela yokulungisa phezu lens. Ngelaphu okanye ngezikafu nazo zibekwe kwi ngohlangothi lens ukufumana isiphumo engaqhelekanga.

exposure wokulungisa

Lo mboniso imifanekiso - oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngoko ke, makhe sithethe ngendlela ukuyilungisa. camera ngamnye ezingathandekiyo walo ekwakheni mboniso. Kule ncwadana uya kufumana ukusebenzisa indlela "izitshixo ashushu" emzimbeni. Umzekelo, kwizixhobo SLR Nikon xa usebenzisa i Fn iqhosha, uyakwazi ukunyenyisa ISO. Ivili ecaleni kwekhusi iza kwenza kube lula ukuba uqwalasele isantya shutter. Ukulungisa emngxunyeni, cinezela iqhosha encinane ecaleni shutter iqhosha lokukhulula.

Semi-automatic iikhamera imo SLR

Ukuze ufumane iifoto kunye aziwayo ezahlukeneyo, ungakhetha enye indlela semi-oluzenzekelayo igajethi. Olu khetho olukhulu kwabasaqalayo. Ukutshintsha omnye parameter kuphela yezinto ezibalulekileyo bathathu, wena ufumane sesichengeni echanekileyo kufota yedijithali.

Xa SLR professional Canon eyenziweyo lwekhamera icon kwi ivili kuthetha tv shutter kuqala; av - kuqala beso.

iindlela Creative e Nicon:

• M - mode Manual.
• P - mode semi-automatic.

Enika! Beginners kufuneka usebenzise indlela semi-automatic, ugxininise ephambili beso okanye isantya shutter. indlela Manual iya kuba nzima ekuqaleni. Akukho mfuneko yokuba lula ubomi bakho kwaye asebenzise oluzenzekelayo kunye nezicwangciso. Njengoko kuboniswe yokusebenza, kodwa iluncedo, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha uya kuba wonqena nje kakhulu ukuqonda izicwangciso yaye uya kuphulukana ithuba lokungenela nokufota yoyilo.

ingcebiso kwingcali kulo mbandela obaluleke kakhulu, kodwa iifoto ezigqwesileyo ziya kukhutshwa kuphela emva kwakho narabatyvaniya ukuziqhelanisa. Shoot kangangoko unako, bhala phantsi amaxabiso parameters ka bako kakuhle, kwakunye izikhombisi, ekufuneka iphetshwe.

Enika! Musa ukungabahoyi imiyalelo igajethi. Olu lwazi luya kwenza ngokupheleleyo ukuba wenze kuqhume ezinkulu.

exposure isikali

Kwisikali sesichengeni - i parameter esikuxelela ukucwangcisa njani ilungelo ixabiso nxantathu. Fumana usebenzisa imiyalelo Isalathisi kwinqanaba exposure lwakho lwekhamera yakhe. Khangela kuye. Yaliwe sokunene? Lo mfanekiso uya kukhanyiseleka kakhulu. Kwimeko ngasekhohlo - overexposed. exposure Lungisa kufota - oku xa uphawu kwi zero.

exposure Scale nayo zilungiswe ngesandla. Ukuba uBuyiselo lusetelwe ku zero, kwaye photo ukukhanya akwanelanga okanye mnyama, ngoko zidlale kwizalathisi slider.

Ulinganiso kwifoto (iindlela)

Kukho iindlela ezintathu sesichengeni kufota. Le isizalo, indawo kunye avareji. Makhe siqwalasele ngamnye kubo:

• I matrix kubizwa ngokuba multi-oxabisekileyo, ezibalelwa okanye multioznym. Kule mo, ikhamera ngokwayo yenza yolinganiso abakuyo. Ukuze asebenze kufuneka ukhanyiso efanayo. Yeyona imo nobunzima-free.
• Centre-izimiselo. Mode yenza bhuxe phakathi. Kungqameko imifanekiso abangasebenziyo. imo Great ukusebenza kuma.
• Point. Imowdi kakhulu enzima. Newbie abakwazi ukumelana nayo. Ngokufanayo kowangaphambili, kodwa umlinganiselo kwenzeka% 5 kuphela mfanekiso. Ukuze asebenze kufuneka sokudubula Lenjongo zikhanyiswe kakuhle yaye ebandayo.

iindlela zokulinganisa

Le ngentla ezidweliswe iintlobo yomlinganiso, kodwa bonke babe ethile ebalulekileyo. Isiphumo kancinane alichatshazelwa sokukhanya okukufutshane, oko kuchaphazela kuphela into ukudubula. Umzekelo, thatha iipleyiti ezimbini zemifuno. Enye yazo orange, enye - oluhlaza. Zokukhanya egumbini enye, kwaye izitya ukukhanya iwela ngokulinganayo. Ekubeni indawo wekhadi ixabiso ubhenciso sifumana into nganye. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo ipleyiti iblue nobumhlophe esezantsi, kwaye yellow - enkulu. Kodwa ukuba ukhangela, kufuneka ukuba oko, kuba iimeko zokukhanya kwangalaa nto.

wenza njani ukukhanya wekhadi

Isizathu sokuba ezi yantlukwano kulo mboniso phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo ukukhanyisa - xa reflectivity eziyimibala eyahlukeneyo. Uyakwazi ukuqhubeka ukufunda kwaye utshintshe izitya kwi abamhlophe nabamnyama. Ukhanyiso ngexesha elinye kufuneka ingabi nakuguqulwa. Ngokwendalo, nokubona ukuba amacwecwe abamnyama kufuneka ngaphezu kokuba izitya njengekhephu-ezimhlophe. Isiphelo: Ukuba sokulinganisa azithathelwa ngqalelo ukhanyiso into ngokudubula, kunye neempawu zayo reflection.

Exposure egumbini in smartphone

Qonda ukuba sesichengeni kufota - oku kuthetha ukufumana imifanekiso enkulu na igajethi! Smartphones Modern zixhotyiswe ikhamera olukhulu, kunye nemifanekiso yambi akukho ngaphezu kokuba camera yobungcali. A ukushukumiseka isixhobo - yinto plus omkhulu, ngenxa yokuba akusoloko kusenzeka ukuba baphathe igajethi umthamo esipilini.

Ngelishwa, iimpembelelo ukubhentsiswa lwecamera eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi nzima. Eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi lenza imilinganiselo ize isasaze ukuhamba ukukhanya.

Gaunt L. "mboniso imifanekiso»

Le ncwadi lijongana ukufakelwa umboniso inkqubo yoyilo. Umbhali ngolangazelelo uchaza indlela le nkqubo asondele zobugcisa, kuba oku yingqokelela uyadika yemida yemilinganiselo!

Kwincwadi ethi "Lo mboniso imifanekiso" Gaunt ukuthetha ngaloo nto xa ukhethe kakuhle parameters ezibalulekileyo ithoni ukuba iqatshelwe mfanekiso. imibala amhlophe namnyama kufuneka zicoceke, kunye shades eliphakathi akufuneki igqwethekile.

Yintoni ncwadi ifundise? Umbhali uza kukuxelela ukuba sesichengeni echanekileyo kufota - isigqibo ngento ithoni aya kunikwa shot. Le ncwadi iza kukunceda uqonde ngokwabo sesichengeni kubaluleke kangakanani kufota. Indlela yokuphepha iimpazamo kulo mzekelo, xelela umbhali odumileyo.

Funda amathuba ikhamera. Xa umntu eza kuqala yekhamera yakhe reflex aze aqalise ukuqonda useto, inyathelo inzima kukuba ukufunda iziseko sesichengeni kufota. Akuba ukulwa nale mba, uya kuba linyathelo kufutshane ubugcisa nokufota yobungcali.

Kweli nqaku ozifundileyo yintoni inkcazelo bunokubonwa angeli bekhamera kwaye ukulisebenzisa ukuthatha imifanekiso kunye sesichengeni esisiso. Ngokuthenga izixhobo nobunzima kakhulu, nto leyo ikhamera reflex, kufuneka ufunde imiyalelo efana mantra. Ukuba awuyazi into uninzi bamaqhosha igajethi, ngoko ngokuya kuseto, ufumana udidekile kuphela. Ngoko funda, kunye albhamu usapho lwakho azele imifanekiso kwizinga eliphezulu kakhulu.