Lokugaya

Ukutya - inkqubo kakhulu entsonkothileyo. Lubonakala yi ekuphunyezweni ukuguqulwa macandelo kwemichiza lomzimba. Le nkqubo igalelo umsebenzi, ukukhula, uphuhliso kunye ibubomi kumzimba xa uwonke. Engels, echaza ukutya, wathi lo umqondiso nto ibalulekileyo ebomini, yaye waphawula ukuba ukupheliswa kwenkqubo liya kuyeka nobomi. Xa ukuguqulwa components imichiza avelise amandla kukho imfuneko yenkxaso yobomi.

Ukutya, njengoko eyaziwayo, iquka iinkqubo ezimbini malunga ezenzeka ngexesha elinye.

Dissimilation (catabolism) iqulathe iimveliso wasabela evela sokonakalisa, kulandele igcwala kunye namacandelo ukubola deducing. Nokwenziwa (anabolism), kuthatha zonke abasabela enxulumene kuyondelelaniswe lweziqalelo efanelekileyo omzimba kunye nokwenziwa kunye nesicelo uphuhliso lwabo, ukukhula, umsebenzi.

Ukutya - energy ezimbaxa kunye neenkqubo kwemichiza, esibonelela ukuba ukusetyenziswa izithako ukutya iimfuno zomzimba, ihlangabezana imfuno iimveliso amandla kunye zeplastiki.

Kwinkqubo yokwetyisa, izinto (izakha, amafutha, iiprotheni kunye nezinye iikhompawundi eliphezulu ubunzima molekyuli) mazahlulwe zibe iikhompawundi elula (ubunzima molekyuli sezantsi). Lwakutshanje emva ukungena egazini kunye inyama ziphantsi utshintshwano ezilandelayo: phosphorylation oxidative, kunye nezinye igcwala aerobic.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ephilayo ngamnye ophilayo kwenzeka iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo. Xa imizimba engaphiliyo yenzeka endaweni-athom kunye molekyuli abameleyo.

Ekuqhubeni izifundo kunye nokuqaliswa tracer kwizilwanyana kwafunyaniswa ukuba zonke iinkqubo pathways xa iiseli zomzimba kwenzeka rhoqo. It cha phendla nayiphi na imiqobo phakathi "ngamandla" yaye "wokwakha" ye molecule. intshukumo yabo yokucolwa esisiseko ngokulinganayo.

Yaye yasekwa ukuba ngokomyinge isiqingatha zonke iiprothini zeethishu yabantu yokutshintsha kwayo yonke imihla asibhozo. enzyme zesibindi (kulo mzimba lubonakala ngokuba abasabela ngayo abaninzi kakhulu) zihlaziyiwe ezimbini okanye ezine qho kwiiyure. Kukho ezinye izinto apho uhlaziyo zenzeka rhoqo emashumini embalwa imizuzu.

iinkqubo umzimba zinika inkqubo imali tshintshayo esiphilayo. Kule nkqubo lenjini nentshabalalo, ukutshatyalaliswa buphindwe elungeleleneyo. nethe engalunganga ihambisana ukungalingani. Oku kukhokelela ukuphazamiseka ngokwamalungu kunye neenkqubo.

Isiseko reactions pathways zenza impefumlelwano molecule atom kwinqanaba physico-chemical. Le ubudlelwane ngokuxhomekeke kwimithetho efanayo ziyaphila nezinto ezingaphiliyo.

iinkqubo umzimba zizinto ezingenakwahlulwa kunye ngokutshintshiselana amandla. eziphilayo zithathwa iinkqubo ezivulekileyo (ngokunxulumene ne-eneji). Kuxhomekeka eliphakathi olungqonge umzimba, ngaphakathi (emzimbeni) yenzeka ukubunjwa amandla. Ngaloo ndlela, ubukho kuqinisekiswa xa igalelo amandla eqhubekayo evela ngaphandle.

Kuba abantu kunye nezilwanyana njengomthombo wamandla lokuqala radiation elanga. Ngenxa nangokuvela kwalo kwenzeka kunye nemfundo isondlo.

Ukutya Ukwakhiwa ezahlukahlukeneyo yaye ezintsonkothileyo. Uninzi izondlo ezinkulu - macronutrients. Ezi ziquka carbohydrate, amafutha, iiprotheni. Kwakhona womlilo nezimbiwa amacandelo (macronutrients). Ezi ziquka sodium, phosphorus, calcium kunye nabanye. Ekhona kukutya sihlaziye elements: selenium, manganese, ayodini, zinc, ayibe, ubhedu kunye nabanye. Kunye iivithamini neetyuwa lilungu udidi Izakha.