London, Big Ben: inkcazo, imbali, inqaku elithakazelisayo

Ubuninzi bezinto ezithakazelisayo zibangelwa isizathu esona sizathu esenza ukuba amawaka eetyeleli avela kuzo zonke iindawo zomhlaba zonyaka zibalekele eLondon. I-Big Ben iyakhiwo esembalileyo, ngokuqinisekileyo siqhenyce ngenkunzi yaseBrithani enkulu. Yintoni eyaziwayo malunga newashi elikhulu, ebonisa ixesha ngokuchaneka okukhulu, yintoni imbali yabo?

Big Ben eLondon: igama

Kutheni i-symbol ye- capital yaseNgilani ithola igama elingaqhelekanga? Ekuqaleni, eli gama lanikwe insimbi enkulu, esekwe kwinqaba yaseNdlunkulu yaseWestminster. Ubungakanani bomgangatho weemveliso ziimitha ezintathu, ubunzima buhamba ngaphezu kweetoni ezingama-13. Kancinci, i-Clock Tower, apho intsimbi ikhona khona, kunye newashi ngobukhulu obunomdla, yaqala ukubizwa ngokuba yinto efanayo. Sekuyiminyaka embalwa emva koko ihlabathi lonke lazi ukuba iBig Ben yayiyi-clock tower eLondon.

Ngubani oqulunqile igama elingabonakaliyo, elaliqale linikwe intsimbi? Kukho iingcamango ezimbini ezichaza imvelaphi yegama. Eyona inqabileyo kubo ithi i-watch ilithatha igama layo loqobo kwi-architect uBenjamin Hall, owayenomsebenzi wokwakha. Kukholelwa ukuba le ndoda yayibizwa ngokuba yinto ekhangayo.

Intandlolo encinci yimbali yesibini. Ukuba uthembele kuyo, ngoko isimboli saseLondon safumana igama layo ngokuhlonipha isiqhwenga esiqeshwe ngesiNgesi uBenjamin Kaunt.

Ukwakhiwa

Kwakunjani ukukhangwa, owawufanelwe yiLondon? I-Big Ben inembali ende. Kwaqala ngo-1288, xa kwakhiwa i-Clock Tower, eyaba yinxalenye yeNdlu ye-Westminster. Ngelishwa, umlilo owenzeka ngo-1834 wabangela ukutshatyalaliswa kwelo lwakhiwo. Kakade ke, kwiminyaka embalwa kamva kwagqitywa isigqibo sokwakha kwakhona.

Ngubani oye wavelisa iprojekthi yecala elidumileyo, okwangoku nanamhlanje lifuna ukubona wonke umntu oya eLondon? U-Big Ben ngu-brainchild wezakhiwo zeAgasti uPugin, owaziwayo ngeeprojekthi zakhe ze-Neo-Gothic. Ngelishwa, le ndoda yafa ngaphambi kokuba iphrojekthi yakhe iphunyezwe. Ukwakhiwa kwinqaba kwagqitywa ngo-1858, ngo-1859 ukuqaliswa okusemthethweni kwenkqubo yokubukela kwenzeka.

Okokuqala, izimpondo zegesi zazisetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa isakhiwo , umbane wasetyenziswa kuphela ngo-1912.

Iiparameters zobuchwepheshe

Isakhiwo senzitena, esithweswe isithsaba esithatyathwa ngentsimbi yentsimbi, sifakwe kwisiseko sekhonkrithi, ubude bayo buyi-15 mitha. Ukujongana nesakhiwo sokwakha, i-limestone enemibala yayisetyenziswa. Ngaphandle kwefuthe ukuphakama kwenqaba kunamitha angama-60, kunye nayo - 96.3 emitha. Indlela yokuqonda indlela enkulu yokukhanga ngayo, eLondon eyaziqhenyayo ngayo? I-Big Ben inokuphakama okufana neyokwakha isakhiwo se-16.

Ngelishwa, inqaba ayihloselwe ukutyelela abantu, iindwendwe ze-Great Britain ziyabona kuphela ukusuka kude, kunye nabemi be-metropolis. Akumangalisi ukuba le projekthi ayizange ifake iiphakamiso okanye iziphakamisi. Abo bafuna ukuya phezulu bafanele banqobe amanqanaba angama-334.

Yintoni umlindi

Akunakwenzeka ukuhlala kwindawo efana ne-Big Ben clock. ELondon akukho zifanane ezingabancintisana nabo ngokwelikhulu. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, loo nto yayingekho kwimeko ehlabathini lonke. Ukuphuhliswa kwee-clock dials kwathathwa kwakhona nguPugin. Ekuveleni kwawo iikopi ezingama-312 ze-glass opal zasetyenziselwa, iifayile ezimasibhozo ezivela kwintsimbi, iidiski ezenziwe ngegolide zadalwa.

Imilinganiselo ebalaseleyo iintolo. Amaminithi ayi-4.2 ubude ubude, eyenziwe ngobhedu. Ngokwenza iiyure ezenziwe ngeyure, isetyenzisi sinyithi sisetyenzisiwe, ubude bayo buyi-2.7mitha. Ixesha lokudibanisa i-Hour libekwe kwindawo ephakamileyo yeemitha ezingama-55. Isisindo sokwenza i- clockwork sisisilinganisi se-5. I-pendulum, enesisindo esingama-300 kg, ingaphakathi kwinqaba, ephantsi kwegumbi lewashi.

Malunga nokuchaneka

Njengoko uyazi, uBig Ben useLondon. Abemi beli sixeko ngaphezu kwabo bonke bafaka ixesha lokugcina. Akumangalisi ukuba umlindi, oye wazimisela njengomgangatho wokuthembeka, uye waba ngumqondiso we-Great Britain. Ibandla le-clockwork lixanduva elinikezwa umlindi u-Edward Dent. Inkosi yajamelana nalo msebenzi ngo-1854. Kuqhutywe isifo esicacileyo sesibini esicwangcisiweyo, esiqinisekisa ukuchaneka okuphezulu kweso.

Kuyaziwa ukuba impazamo ye-clock mechanism ayidluli imizuzwana emibili ngosuku. Kuyamangalisa, kodwa ukuchaneka kwendlela kulawulwa ngokusebenzisa i-penny enye yemali, leyo ibekwa kwi-pendulum, ize isuswe.

Kukho uluvo lokuba iwashi elimangalisayo alizange libale ixesha. Eli gama lichazwa ibali likaBig Ben. ELondon, baqale bafumana umonakalo wabo ngo-1976, indlela yokulawula othomathikhi yentembeko yaphuka. Ukulungiswa komlindi kuthatha iinyanga ezili-9, ngelo xesha abangazange basebenze. Ukuhlaziywa kwakhona kwaqhutywe ngoMeyi 1977. Kukho ukungaphumeleli emsebenzini wabo kamva, kodwa iingxaki zapheliswa ngokukhawuleza kunokuba zenzeke ekuqaleni. Okuthakazelisayo kukuba, uBig Ben wabandezeleka ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini ngenxa yombhobholo, kodwa umonakalo ophahleni lwentonga ayizange ibangele ukuba i-clock mechanism isaphumele.

Yiyiphi intsimbi

Ubungakanani nje obubonelela nge-Clock Tower ngokuthandwa kukuba ezinye iindawo ezikhangayo zaseLondon azikwazi ukuncintisana nazo. UBen Ben unikwe insimbi enkulu eyenza ukulwa. Le mveliso ikhona ngaphakathi kwinqaba. Kuyaziwa ukuba ukukhwa kweentsimbi kwanikezelwa ukuba ufunde uEdmm Beckett Denison. Le ndoda yagqiba ekubeni yenze into engaphezulu kunokuba "noPeter Omkhulu", eYork kunye nobunzima beetoni ezilishumi. Wadala insimbi, ubunzima obuphelele beetoni ezili-16.

Ukuthutha umkhiqizo, inqwelo yayisetyenziswe, eyayihlanganiswa ngamahashe angama-16. Insimbi yayingapheli ngaphezu kweenyanga ezimbini, kwaye yaqhekeka. Ngenxa yoko, i-edited version entsha yenziwe, ubukhulu bayo abudluli iitoni ezingama-13. Kuyazi ukuba ngexesha elifanayo ubunzima buncitshiswe ngesigamu, esinesinyundo, esinoxanduva lokubetha.

Ngelishwa, insimbi yesibini nayo yaqhekeka, kodwa yakwazi ukulungiswa. Kwagqitywa isigqibo sokudala umgca wesikwere, ongavumeli ukusasazeka kweentsikelelo. Kwakhiwa kwakhona okuyingcinci yeBig Ben, ngenxa yoko isando sayeka ukuthintela umonakalo.

Inyaniso

Ngethuba lokuqala ukukhala kwevolonti kwakuvakala ngabemi belikhulu-mali ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi 1859. UBen Ben eLondon ukhona iminyaka engaphezu kwe-150. Ukuqhagamshelana kokuqala kwesinyundo neentsimbi kwenziwa kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuqala kweyure elitsha. Iwashi ayikwazi ukukhawuleza, ekubeni ikhosi yabo ilawulwa ngoncedo lwe-penny yesiNgesi ngumntu osebenza njengomgcini. Kuyinto enomdla ukuba umhloli ufuna ukutshisa, ngelixa umlindo odumileyo ulibazisekile ngomzuzwana omnye. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuhlolwa rhoqo kusetyenziswa ukuthembeka kweendlela.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuba yayiyiBig Ben, e-London, eyakhethwa ukuba ivakalise ukuqala kwekhulu lama-21 ngobusuku bukaDisemba 31, 2000. Lo mboniso ngumgangatho wexesha elizweni jikelele. Emashumi ambalwa eminyaka edlulileyo, babe ne-dial enkulu yehlabathi, kodwa le rekhodi iphelelwe ukubetha iwashi efakwe kwisakhiwo sase-Allen Bradley, esiseburhulumenteni yase-Wisconsin yase-United States.

Isimboli saseLondon

Namhlanje kunzima ukudibana nendoda engayazi ukuba yiyiphi i-Big Ben idolophu - eLondon. Iwashi edumileyo ikhala, apho abantu baseBrithani Abakhulu bagubha uNyaka Omtsha. Isetyenziswe xa kuyimfuneko ukuvakalisa umzuzu wokuthula ohlangene neziganeko ezililayo eziye zenzeka kwihlabathi. Phantse yonke imizobo yobugcisa kunye neyomqulu ezinikezelwe eNgilani, ziqulethe umfanekiso weskrini weBig Ben ebalulekileyo. Ukususela kwimifanekiso yerenti edumileyo, iinkqubo zeendaba zengingqi ziqala kwakhona.