MANPADS "Strela": neNgcaciso (Amafoto)

Ukubeka i "Strela-2" waba iinkqubo yokuqala indoda-ephathwayo air zokhuselo yaye zathathelwa inkonzo kwi yiSoviet Union emva 60s. Ukubiza nezikhokelo GRAU yi 9K32 MANPADS. EUnited States ulwahlulohlulo eyaziwa ngokuba SA-7 Grail.

"Strela-2": imbali yendalo

Ngowe-1962, kwidolophu Kolomna, ukuba basungule iprojekthi ngasese yasemkhosini. Injongo yakhe ukudala enamandla ngentlokomo eziphathwayo ekwaziyo entsonkothileyo embetha ekujoliswe emoyeni, emhlabeni zibe mfutshane. Isisombululo enhle ingxaki ngelo xesha yaba MANPADS "Strela-2".

Kunjalo ufakelo ukulwa ubhaptizo wokuqala zange aye kwakunye kulindeleke. iinqwelomoya ezininzi emva kokonzakala kodwa babuyela zokuchopha zabo. Isizathu zisala yokuba SAM amandla iziqhushumbisi ibingonelanga umonakalo omkhulu, ingakumbi ukuba hit kwenzeka kwicandelo ngumsila wena. Ngenxa yoko, kwagqitywa ukwenza ukuphuculwa ingongoma efakiweyo. Ngoko ke ngo-1968 kokuba azalwe i "Strela-2m" (MANPADS kwanokubhalwa 9K32M). Ukuguqulwa wavumela ekujoliswe embetha lihamba emoyeni ngesantya ukuya ku-950 km / h. Iimvavanyo zagqitywa ngempumelelo kwindawo uvavanyo Donguz ngo-1970. Ngokukhawuleza emva koko MANPADS iye yamkelwa, yaye emva kweminyaka embalwa iinguqulelo kumazwe ajoyina isitokhwe zibuphekhashini, ngaphezu kwamazwe 60.

ukuqashwa

Le MANPADS yindlela esebenzayo zokhuselo zozibini hambo nasezindle. ufakelo eziphathekayo iyakwazi embetha ntaka-moya, nokuba kwiindawo ezise iphantsi kakhulu. Enye yezinto ezilungileyo ezingundoqo MANPADS "Strela-2" yi ubunzima bayo ukukhanya kwaye ubungakanani encinane, nto leyo evumela lula ukuba uhanjiswe nge ngumntu omnye. Nge nalencoko onokuzisebenzisa ezifana iindawo Kyea njenge kumgxobhozo, ehlathini kunye neentaba.

9K32 kanye ukuguqulwa yayo yenzelwe ukuziphendulela ithathele elihamba imishini. Protection inikwa yi kwekhava weqela kunye iingongoma ngokungqongqo ephantsi eziphaphazelayo neethagethi utshaba, kuquka ukucima iza. Ukuqala projectile eyenziwe ukusukela ku gqiba nge zezulu Ubhaqo shooter yayo ezibonwayo. Volley nokwenziwa ukususela babemile, liphuma lweenqwelo zokulwa, kunye ngedolo ukuba ihamba izithuthi vehicles.

Ngenxa ukuhamba kwabo kunye nokusebenza MANPADS kudala ingqalelo enkulu zobuqu izixhobo ezithile uqhankqalazo eSoviet Army.

"Strela-2": Ukubunjwa

yoqobo kunye modified kucwangciso ibe iinxalenye ezintathu loqwalaselo afanayo: homing imijukujelwa 9M32 series, le asibambe umbane. MANPADS "Strela-2" kwakujongwa izixhobo anti-moya ngokukhawuleza-lobuqu ehlabathini. Kwimizuzwana eyi-1.5 emva 'umnyele lwenzeka yokuqalisa irula. Emva kwemizuzwana embalwa loo projectile wasibetha ithagethi kumgama ozikilometa eziyi-4. Kwimeko apho miss kwentlawulo self-ngokwawo emva 17 emva kokuqala. Ukubeka i "Strela-2m" - MANPADS oluphuculweyo kwentsebenzo ngexesha nokuhlutha kunye kwintshabalalo. Emva ekuphuculeni iinkqubo ziye automated kwaye usebenzise GOS projectile. Oku yaphuhlisa gunners anti-moya zifake ngokukhawuleza ezihambayo into. Kwakhona kuye kwaphuculwa nokukhethwa Ubhaqo ekujoliswe kulo ukuphazamiseka yendalo. Ukuphuculwa kwenziwa intshabalalo izinto kunokwenzeka engxakini. Ukongeza, le ndawo ochaphazelekayo wakhuliswa Jets.

Imihlaba iphambili ufakelo intsha ubushushu GOS, nto leyo luphawulwa nezifo ingxolo. Enkosi kuye, MANPADS unako ukufaka le njongo nokuba emafini Cumulus ukuya lifumana amanqaku ama 3. Noko ke, saba nangoku abasengozini moya ubushushu emgibeni.

iimpawu yokusebenza

uluhlu Limited intshabalalo ekujoliswe 3,4 km, xa ukulungiswa kunye unobumba "M" ivumela ukuhlasela iithagethi kwi nemiqulu engama-800 ukuya 4200 m. Ngokumalunga ubuninzi flight ephakame le projectile, kuxhomekeke kuluhlu ukuya ku 2300 m.

Isantya Free iyahluka-430 ukuya-500 m / s. iinjongo Hlula vdogon yenziwa ngesantya avareji ye-240 m / s, ekuyeni - m 150 / s. Irula emelwe uhlobo 9M32 okanye ukuguqulwa kwayo. Ukuvuleka - 72 mm. ubude shell - 1,44 yeemitha kwaye inobunzima 9.5 kg. Ubunzima imbaxa malunga 5 kg.

Ukulungiselela xa bekusungulwa gunners anti-moya abanezakhono kuya kufuneka imizuzwana-10 kuphela.

"Strela-3": imbali kunye nenjongo

Umfuziselo omtsha MANPADS Soviet "Strela" yapapashwa ubunzima kwi 70s phakathi. Ufakelo eyaziwa kwanokubhalwa kwayo kunye nokuhlelwa 9K34 USA - SA-14 Gremlin. Isiseko zokuwaguqula yaba omtsha uthotho 9M36 enomjukujelwa, oko baxhotyiswa nentloko capture ezikhethekileyo infrared kunye phase-modulated ukukrwaqula awo zikhula. Inika ukumelana bendalo RFI.

MANPADS "Strela-3" isantya moya ezahlukeneyo kunye isantya uphume ngezikhali. Kwakhona ngexa Ukuphuculwa GOS yaziswa injini ingxolo-proof. Oko ke ngoku injongo wokuthinjwa nako kuthwalelwa phandle nkqu emvula yezulu. Le nto iye iphuhlise imodeli imveliso kwii-odolo ezininzi kumazwe angaphandle. 9K34 Development waqala kwi 70s ekuqaleni ', kodwa ixesha elide, i wofakelo ongenakuwelwa zonke iimvavanyo. NgoMeyi 1973, ekugqibeleni MANPADS abonisa icala yabo intle, kanti emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa kokuba samkelwe.

Kule 70 emva kwexesha wangena ezithunyelwa ezintsonkothileyo. MANPADS ngokuphindaphindiweyo izixa ezikhulu zisiwe kumazwe afana Angola, Vietnam, El Salvador, Jordan, India, North Korea, Iraq, Cuba, eNicaragua, eSiriya, Peru, Libya, UAE, South Africa. EYurophu, isityalo ophezu eseleyo Hungary, East Jamani, Finland, Yugoslavia, eCzechoslovakia. Ilizwe kuphela ngaphandle yiSoviet Union, leyo ilayisenisi imveliso izixhobo, waba Poland.

"Strela-3": Ukubunjwa

Ekugcwaliseni iyunithi eziphathwayo luquka: asibambe kwendlela 9P58 series imijukujelwa 9M36, wayendincina umhlaba 1RL247 kwisixando ulwalathiso radio somfumani 9S13 kunye R-147.

Ecwebezelayo amandla ezingundoqo MANPADS "Strela-3M" kunye nemodeli original lo umjukujelwa 9M36. Lenziwe kwi "idada" scheme kwaye yingqokelela namacandelo amane yesondo: iimoto, silwe, kunye nentloko steering. Control kuzuzwa kokutshintsha projectile ngesantya 20 rpm. / S ngenxa zokuguqula uphawu-ntathu kunye zincwadi Womenzi thermal GOS. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iindawo ulawulo ashukimisayo ibekwe moya mnye. Xa uqalisa usiba edizwe ekwenzeni, ungasuki kwe nemilomo umbhobho. Ekufakelweni yekhompyutha izindlu block, fuse, ifowuni iplagi isinxibelelanisi, iqela zoqhagamshelwano adubule. Zokukhomba lwenziwa GYRO kunye kwisikhululo sikanomathotholo ngoko iinkqubo othole data.

iimpawu yokusebenza

Umfuziselo omtsha zakhiwo ezifanayo uguqulelo yangaphambili kuphela izalathi si zokunikwa ixesha elungiselela Volley kunye self-intshabalalo, kwakunye ukuvuleka 72th. Elokugqiba, isiqingatha sesithathu sazo MANPADS "Strela" iimpawu ngcono kakhulu. ubude enomjukujelwa lancipha ukuya kwiimitha 1.25 kunye nobunzima-10 kg. Kwelinye icala, ubunzima zakhiwo liye lenyuka ngenxa amacandelo amatsha ibe ngaphezu kwama-6 kg.

"Arrow 3" iyakwazi embetha yezinto kumgama oziimitha 500 ukuya 4500. Kunokwenzeka nkqo ukuphakama flight yahluka ukuya ku-3 km. vdogon Isantya isigxina flight 310 m / s, ukuba ukuhlangabezana injongo - 230 m / s. Kunye oluphuculweyo imodeli entsha ye-moya nokuba afumene ithuba lokuba ukubetha iklasi moya "ukulwa." Amathuba kutshabalalisa afana ne enomjukujelwa mnye kuqikelelwa kwi-33%.

"Strela-10": ukuqeshwa

Le ufakelo inkqubo umoya yokhuselo enomjukujelwa mobile 9K35 ifundwe. Amaxwebhu obizwa ngokuba NATO SA-13 Gopher. imodeli 9K35 yenzelwe ukubhaqa yokungenelela ekujoliswe nomoya kwiindawo ezise eliphantsi. Isiseko impembelelo lowo ezintsonkothileyo "Arrow-3 '. Ukususela ngowe-1969 iKomiti Central of the CPSU , kwagqitywa ukwenza ufakelo qha mobile ngokunxuseneyo kunye MANPADS kuqala. "Strela-10", iimpawu ezenza kube kakhulu mobile kwaye multi-functional zokunqanda isiseko waseUSSR, akukho ngxaki avavanyiwe kwaye kungekudala eyandisiweyo yokugcina eSoviet Army.

Ifuthe zakhiwo wenza imijukujelwa 9M37, ekwaziyo ukusebenza ngo-2 channel ukhokelo mode.

Ukubeka i "Strela-10" liye lasetyenziswa kwimisebenzi e Angola kunye nePersian ngempumelelo.