Minerals Sakhalin: oli, irhasi kunye nesinyithi non-ayoni, yaye kunqabile. Sakhalin ukukhululeka

Kude ukuya ngasempuma, 7 ophosa ukusuka eMoscow, sisiqithi enkulu Sakhalin. Yintoni esiyaziyo ngaye? Emva kokufunda inqaku lethu, uya kufunda izinto ezininzi ezintsha umdla malunga nendalo, isiqabu izimbiwa izibonelelo Sakhalin.

Meet Sakhalin!

I-Japanese bakubiza Karafuto. Kuthi kwakusazeka phantsi igama Sakhalin. Uphi na lo siqithi? Yaye yintoni na imilinganiso yalo?

Sakhalin Island ibekwe kunxweme olusempuma Asia. Yeyona siqithi sikhulu kwi Russian Federation. Le yinxalenye yommandla Sakhalin, nayo leyo kubandakanya chain iziqithi Kurile gqa.

Sakhalin kwesifo yi enolwandle ngeenxa zombini - Japan kunye Okhotsk. Ukususela nezwekazi Russian kubhaliwe ezahlulwe sisithuba i-Tatar Strait, kwaye kwisiqithi Japanese ka Hokkaido - La Perouse Strait. Sakhalin Wasolula ngoko 950 km kwicala meridional. Ububanzi liphezulu siqithi - km 160.

imvelaphi we igama siqithi. Eli gama sesiManchu owamiswa i Amur River, "Sahalyan-ZONKE", gama elo elithetha "umlambo yamatye abamnyama." Ngenxa yokuba i beemaphu impazamo eli gama liye okhethwe kwisiqithi Sakhalin. ayizange wayilungisa isiphoso, bahlala phantsi. Izintlelo ezilandelayo iimephu Russian elithi "Sakhalin" sele lisetyenziswa kwisihloko siqithi sikhulu.

Ngoko ke, siye ndicinge ukuba apho Sakhalin yaye kutheni ibizwa njalo. Ngoku isifundo eneenkcukacha isiqabu yayo.

iimpawu ngokubanzi isimo se siqithi

Sakhalin usizo ezahlukahlukeneyo kakhulu. Oku thaca kunye iintaba, neentaba kunye namathafa bahambe ezindulini, nezihlambo yonxweme ephantsi. Central (ebanzi) yinxalenye siqithi erhangqwe ngasentshona nasempuma, ngokulandelelana, ze i-West Sakhalin and East Sakhalin Iintaba. Ezi kwiintaba zezi ephakamileyo eliphakathi-in.

Ingongoma eliphezulu le Sakhalin - Mount Lopatin. On mathambeka ihlathi boreal kunyuka, incopho igutyungelwe amasimi cowberry kunye namatye. ukuphakama intaba - 1609 kuphela mitha.

Unxweme siqithi lungqamane kancinci. Nazi ezine lizwe kunye ngeenxa matheku ezimbini ezinkulu - Aniva kunye nomonde.

Uncedo Sakhalin: iimpawu zemimandla

Ngokwemiqathango kubume kwaloo mmandla siqithi yahlulwe kwizithili ezininzi. Phantse isinye kwisithathu ummandla ogcweleyo iquka North Sakhalin ethafeni. Le ndawo enkulu kumantla isiqithi umnatha umlambo ephuhliswe kakuhle kunye neencopho ngamnye ephantsi (ukuya kuma-600 eemitha). Kuba kwimimandla yonxweme, ezinkqantosini luphawulwa imivalo isanti, iindunduma, kunye ichweba mikhulu zaselwandle. Hi ndlela leyi, apha (kwakunye phezu kwithala yoLwandle Okhotsk) zezona iidiphozithi inkulu leoli - izimbiwa eyintloko Sakhalin.

Emantla esibi siqithi zizakubalulwa zayo eentaba namageduka Schmidt Peninsula. Ugu abasakwazi eweni, lengxondorha, exandekeni.

Kwimimandla engundoqo kunye akumazantsi siqithi esilawulwa iintaba. Ecaleni ukuzolula kunxweme olusentshona eWest Sakhalin Mountains, kwaye kunye empuma - East Sakhalin (apho apha Intaba Lopatin). Phakathi kwezi nkqubo zimbini ntaba zazihamba kwaye ngamanye amaxesha mgxobhozo tym-Poranayskaya esezantsi. Kubhaliwe wambu ingubo yokwaleka angqingqwa kumatye awenziwa ludaka - yelitye lentlabathi kunye iingqalutye.

Kumazantsi wesiqithi limi Susunai Ridge, leyo eqhubeka phantse-60 km. Xa unyawo yayo ilele isixeko Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - iziko yolawulo kummandla Sakhalin. Ingongoma eliphezulu le kummango ntaba Susunai Pushkinskaya (1047 m.) Ngaba ithagethi edumileyo kubakhenkethi, peshehodnikov.

Eyona engundoqo izimbiwa of Sakhalin

Uhlobo abatyebileyo mmandla? Izibonelelo eziphambili yendalo Sakhalin wenziwa ehlathini, amanzi kunye, kakade, izimbiwa kunye nezinto ekrwada. Ukuxinana inethweki esemlanjeni siqithi uphakame kakhulu kunomyinge iRashiya. Edge utyebile kakhulu ehlathini (emahlathini cover index - kwama-60%). Entla Sakhalin ikhula zamahlathi larch, kumazantsi - zodonga (maple, oki Mongolian, uthuthu Manchurian kunye nezinye imithi).

imithombo Ten kwezimbiwa enkulu Sakhalin imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• ioli;
• igesi yemvelo;
• ore chrome;
• germanium;
• mercury;
• ngegolide;
• amalahle;
• nja-;
• talc;
• zeolites.

Amafutha Sakhalin ioli, igesi, nja-

Sakhalin - yenye yeendawo oyile negesi evelisa omdala eRashiya. "Igolide Black" kwi siqithi iye yafunyanwa komhlaba ngo-1880. Ukutyhubela kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini le oyile negesi oovimba beli incitshisiwe kakhulu, kodwa 1980 a amasimi enkulu entsha zisaqala. Ngaphezu koko, iyonke oovimba iingcali shelf Okhotsk kuvavanywa malunga eziibhiliyoni ezi-4 okulahlwayo ioli.

Amasimi inkulu ngeoli Sakhalin akhiwe kumntla-mpuma eso siqithi (Ehabinskoe, Paromayskoe, Katangliyskoe kunye nabanye). Sakhalin izinga "igolide black" imveliso ukwandisa kuphela ngonyaka ngamnye. Ngoko ke, ngo-2019 sihlelwe ukwandisa imveliso oyile kwi siqithi nge 3.6% kunye negesi yendalo - ngama-20%.

On Sakhalin, oko ityebileyo ngobhedu, esibonakala ngokuba umgangatho ophezulu kunye sulphur ephantsi. Oku kusetyenziswa yokunyibilikisa isinyithi, ukuveliswa irhasi, kwakunye kukudla iinqanawa. Oveliswa kwi siqithi nja-. Iidipozithi le resource bezimbiwa asasazwa ngaphakathi North Sakhalin esemazantsi plain kunye tym-Poranayskoy.

Non-ayoni, ezinqabileyo kunye amatye anqabileyo Sakhalin

Xa izibilini siqithi kulala koovimba eninzi ekrwada ezahlukeneyo zalo. Phakathi kwabo - igolide, germanium, imetyhuri, chromium, intsimbi, manganese, Tungsten, zinc, kwiteksti, oluLula kunye nabanye. Phakathi izinyithi ezinqabileyo Sakhalin umdla kwezoqoqosho kakhulu eJamani, kwaye ukusuka kwinani zesinyithi non-ayoni - igolide.

Kwi siqithi kukho iidipozithi zombini esikrwada kombambi webhola negolide. elidlulileyo balawulwayo. Amashumi ibhola ndawonye nobambe ibhola igolide elahliweyo ngaphakathi East Sakhalin kwiiNtaba. koovimba babo bebonke kuqikelelwa yi komhlaba kwiitoni ezingama-59.

Kwi Tonino-Anivskom Peninsula liphuhlise maleko Novikovskaya intsimi uGenubhati-natyebileyo amalahle welitye lodaka. Jikelele oovimba germanium kule ndawo liqikelelwa kwi-640 tonnes.

Kutshanje, kumantla Sakhalin (on Schmidt Peninsula) ziye zachongwa iidipozithi chromite. Jikelele oovimba enokuxelwa kwangaphambili ezi ores ezixabisekileyo ayeqikelelwe kwi tonnes kwezigidi ezihlanu.