"Moskvich-2139": Iimpawu

Sikunye iimoto ngobuninzi-kuveliswa, ngomhla AZLK kunye AMAGQABAZA ▸ zaveliswa. Enye yezi moto - evenini "Moskvich-2139". Lo matshini umdla, kodwa kuthotho akazange wahamba. evenini Created kuphela ukulungiselela iinjongo zovavanyo. Ngo AZLK waba ithuba yokwenene ngokupheleleyo ukudala umatshini bakwazi ukukhuphisana imifuziselo ezifanayo "Motors Jikelele" yaye "Reno", kodwa wangenelela uqoqosho.

Le moto zixhotyiswe drive phambi-wheel, kunye nophuhliso yaqala kunyaka 87th. Isampulu nto ukuguqulela kwi metal kuphela ngo-'91. Ibhasi sakhiwa ngokususela kumacandelo ophandonzulu "Moskvich-2141". Inye kuphela ifunwa imoto "Moskvich-2139 Arbat" kwaye ibekwe ngendlela kweediliya iimoto imyuziyam.

History of indalo

Yenza uhlobo olutsha emotweni AZLK wagqiba CEO Kolomnikov isityalo. Usebenze iminyaka eliqela Minavtoproma USSR, kodwa wagqiba kwelokuba abuyele AZLK. Ezinye iingcebiso malunga nophuhliso wenza izityalo abakhi. Bacela ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yabathengi iimoto ne off-endleleni, ingakumbi ezimotweni usapho. Ukongeza, ukuba le ezintsha ke baseleyo thotho, wayeza kuba kuqala impahla-imoto ngaphandle kwendlela, baxhotyiswa nge wheel drive ngaphambili.

I-Ofisi yoMphathiswa kushishino lweemoto esithethe yamkele imiqathango idrafti of reference. Development wafumana indices ekhethekileyo yamacandelo. Ngoko ke, imoto ibandakanywa ngokusesikweni isicwangciso sophuhliso esityalo.

Ngubani na njani na kuyilo?

Ukudala imbonakalo lweengcali omenyiwe kuyilo mveliso, Automotive Alexander Kulygina. Ngaxa lithile wavakalisa kakhulu ngokwayo. Lo mntu wadala a self-eyenziwe iimoto. Kwakukho ezimbini. Le SUV ibizwa ngegama "Ukhta" kunye nemoto emidlalo "Inkalanzinzi". Ekubeni KULYGIN wasebenza ekudalweni ezimotweni zabo ayikho ngokwakhe, ngoko naye ukwakha AZLK "Moskvich-2139 'weza namaqabane ayo kunye nabo.

Layout of plastic

Okulandelayo, ayalele umyili ukudala zonke kuyimfuneko ukuphuhlisa nemizobo yale inqwelo. Alexander wayesenza umsebenzi ngaphezu ngokwaneleyo. Yayilwa kwaye zakhiwe kunye imodeli ngeplastiki yandile 1: 4. Ngaphandle, uyilo sifana kakhulu imoto ngokwenene ingaphakathi iiwindow.

KULYGIN bakwazi ukubhala ngokutsha ngokuthembeka kumacandelwana langaphakathi aphambili zeplastiki, ngokunjalo zonke yokukhanya zangaphandle. Le isampuli ezikhuphile kwisalathiso 2131. Wavula emacaleni, ize ibekwe ngaphakathi kwisiqandisi. Phantsi ukwakhiwa ubeko elilandelayo, sele ubukhulu balo ngokupheleleyo phantsi ikhowudi igama "Cruise" isebe yoyilo Kulygina imilo ezintsha eziveziweyo kunye ukubonakala umzimba ukusuka emhlabeni. Yabasixhenxe etekisini wagon imigodi wakhangela ngokuthobela ngokupheleleyo kunye 80s fashion ngomatshini.

salon ukuguqulelwa

Ubeko, apho sele ukuhlala, wadala ngokwahlukileyo. Xa imoto ingena imiqolo emithathu lezihlalo ukuba asuswe kwaye ngokutsha ngokuthanda.

Le emotweni ngaphambili yaye umqhubi uyakwazi nokuba uyisebenzise. kumqolo Middle isongwe kwaye lula similise a iitafile obutofotofo. Abayili nazo zibonelelwe kwi-mfuma ndlwana ngobude adjustable. Ngubani "Moskvich" evenini ebizwa kungekuphela nje imoto kunye ekharejini-sombane.

kweKhabhinethi

Ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo, umsebenzi kuyilo nolwakhiwo evenini wayeka. Noko ke, ngomnyaka 87th yokusebenza Qala ngamandla ibonwe nomdlandla.

Ukulibaziseka umsebenzi iprojekthi AZLK wachaza yadla kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, le mveliso uthatha umyili oyintloko AZLK Tkachenko. Endaweni yakhe, bathi Sorokin. Ngaphezu koko, emkile yaye KULYGIN. Kodwa ke projekthi ukusebenza uKonstantin Gromadzky. Wamiselwa umlawuli oyintloko kunye oyintloko kwiziko yoyilo esityalo. Gromadzky uyinkosi ukusebenza kule ndawo, kwaye ngoku phupha lakhe libe yinyaniso.

Qala yophuhliso

Umsebenzi ekudalweni imoto yaqala kunyaka 87th. Ingcaphephe abanamava entsimini eziyilwe mveliso nezeemoto unika umbono wakhe kule projekthi, yaye kaThixo yoyilo kube ingaphandle imoto elizayo "Moskvich-2139". Ngoko ke, xa ujonga "Cruise", kuya kuba umahluko ibonakale ngokucacileyo phakathi kwakhe nqwelo model isampula.

Ngomhla ekudalweni layout yokudlala asebenza abangaphantsi kunye nabasebenzi ezininzi elinamava Bureau of nesimbo AZLK - V. Harutyunyan kunye M. Elbaev. cluster isixhobo isithuthi iyilwe yi wegcisa uN titov.

Kwi imoto sisebenza i abayili engcono kakhulu abanamava. Mhlawumbi yiloo nto apha ngaphandle kumatshini ufunde vangama mihla imikhwa fashion? Mu kuya kwa nshita iiprojekthi Kulygina emboxo, uyilo Sorokin wema phandle. It komzimba, kwakunye neempawu ezintle ashukimisayo ngenxa negilasi njo wawakhotha.

Sinako bathi ngakumbi: "Moskvich-2139", nto leyo ngokusesikweni Year - 1988, ndakwazi ukufumana ngaphambi kwexesha zalo ubuncinane iminyaka eli-15. iye yasetyenziswa into efanayo kakade, hayi kwi '80s kunye' 90, kodwa kuphela izithuthi ezithile ukususela ekuqaleni kowama-2000.

"Arbat"

Lo mzekeliso yokuqala wadala namandla Bureau of design yokuluka. Loo nto inika umdla uphuhliso akazange athathe inxaxheba abasebenzi ofisi ngemizimba kunye namanye amasebe. Kwathi ngenxa yeminqweno Kolomnikova. indawo imodeli kakuhle oxhobele iye yavulwa kweli sebe.

Okulandelayo, ubeko kumzobo zadalwa. Ngokwesiseko yokugqibela zaye zachongwa candelo iinxalenye zangaphandle omzimba. components ezibanzi ethe kunye ngezithandelo amagwebu izakhelo. Emva koko wenza izifanekiso aluminiyam. Ngaphezulu kwe amagwebu gypsum nangengalo. Emva koko, lo ubeko isikwe iindawo ngamnye - ecaleni iingcango, uphahla, ukwesona, bumpers. Ezi nkalo ziye bakhonza neethemplethi ukulungiselela ukuveliswa ngumngundo, apho vykleivalis iindawo fiberglass.

umzimba

Inkqubo yokudala iseti zomziba kwendibano yokuqala kunye ekuqhutyweni isampuli wathabatha iminyaka malunga enye enesiqingatha. "Moskvich-2139" wafumana umzimba isakhelo-panel. Uyilo yayisekelwe eqongeni benqwanqwa isithuba zentsimbi kunye nohlobo othwala. Yonke le miba zomzimba, ukuba ngaphandle, zenziwe ngeplastiki.

injini

"Moskvich-2139" AZLK yafakwa ngothotho zokuguqulwa ukuya powertrain ka AZLK-21414 umthamo seelitha 1.8 no 95 enjini. Motor wanikwa Bureau kuyilo isityalo. Kule minyaka ingama-80 siye isebenza phezu iinjini komdyarho, wadala ngenkuthalo sivavanywe iisampulu ezinamava kunye nokusebenza. Ezinye iiyunithi, ezizezi ziliqhubela amavili drive, gearbox, inkqubo steering, phambi nokumiswa nangasemva, ithatyathwe model yemveliso "Moskvich-2141".

Ukumiswa ingaphakathi

Ukwandisa iimpawu umthamo ekuthwaleni, ke abayili kwafuneka ukwenza uyilo lokuqala ngokupheleleyo nokunqunyanyiswa angasemva. Onke amalungu angaphakathi embindini wafumana i-etekisini ezisixhenxe ukusuka 'Moskvich-2141 ".

Xa imoto kwakukho lounge kunye kungenzeka yotshintsho. Izihlalo yangaphambili kujika ukunyenyisa kwamagqabi kunye nobude. Kunye ne element ngobuninzi 410 ukusuka 'Muscovite ", oko wayenayo kuye ingaphakathi izisombululo ubunzima yokuqala.

Phakathi kwabo - a panel isixhobo ngekhompyutha ngokupheleleyo, mininzi, ngubani ngoku ngeemoto elungileyo amazwe. Kwakukho ixesha elizeleyo odiyo, yaye ilula, i lwasekhaya "Moskvich 2139". Inkcazelo iqinisekisa ukuba kukho nkqu uhambo computer kunye isixhobo.

lokuzalwa

Ukulungele "Moskvich-2139" (prototype eziqulethwe zentsimbi kunye zeplastiki), wegqitha ngoDisemba 31, 1987. Kodwa le meko wayengekho kowokugqibela lokugqibela. Kunjalo ke kwafuneka ukuba ukuvavanya nokuvavanya, ezinako imoto entsha, yintoni ezilungileyo nezingalunganga ngayo, ngokunjalo ukuchaza ukuba kuqhubeka njani na ukuphuhlisa le imoto entsha.

Elinye ukuya AZLK evenini wagqiba ukuphuhlisa kunye nenkxaso kunye inxaxheba abayili Italian le nkampani Garnero. Le mveliso wanika abayili Italian iimeko ecacileyo kakhulu kwaye terms of reference. Nabaqambi project "Arbat" waya Italy ukudala kwendiza mbumbulu apho.

Okulandelayo eMoscow wathumela ubeko umzimba iplastiki ngaphandle. Ngokwangaphandle, yena phantse akukho mahluko ukusuka umatshini lokwenene. Senza ubeko kanye ngexesha ngokungathi projekthi wayelele nje bumabumela yoyilo in reserve. Ngenxa yemigudu leengcali Italian nabaqambi i AZLK ipateni lokutyala yasekwa. Nangona kunjalo, eSoviet Union, akazange hit. Umfuziselo yokuqala kwafuneka uze ubuyele ababhali.

Le projekthi wadalwa ukuze imoto ingqiqo. Kodwa izicwangciso xa bekusungulwa minivans baba kurhulumente. Kufuneka kwaqala kummandla ukulungela ukusebenza, kwidolophu Sukhinichi. Kwakukho mveliso imigca transfer oluzenzekelayo, ngelo ekuqaleni 89th, wangena kwisakhiwo mveliso "Moskvich".

Xa 90 yee-imoto balibhengeza kulo lonke elishishina ngezithuthi kwaye cinezela ngomatshini macala. Oktobha 26 nonyaka-88 "Moskvich" nokuba imbasa yegolide kunye iimbasa ezisibhozo isilivere lo Mboniso lomboniso Impumelelo yeli USSR.

"Uku- ba"

"Uku- ba" - oku mhlawumbi eyaziwayo ubuncinane kwase ongumakad imveliso AZLK zazenziwe kunye. Lo matshini yayilwa kwaye wadala ngentsebenziswano ne-Italy. "Uku- ba" kubangelwa "Arbat". Yiyo le uguqulelo, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba abaleke ukuya manqaku kumzi-mveliso in Sukhinichi. Car ukuze ibandla lezibuko kwaye unento, kwaye layout kuphela abuyiselwe abavela.

"Moskvich-2139": Iimpawu

Ubeko Assembly kunye kwase lwenziwa oyingcali "Moskvich" kummandla Sukhinichi ukulungela ukusebenza. Vehicle emele D-class (evenini usapho). Ibizwa ngokuba moto engaqhelekanga kakhulu - "Arbat". Uyilo ihlaziyiwe. Umzimba Iingcango ezintlanu kunye nezihlalo ezisixhenxe.

wheel drive Vehicle waza wafumana perednemotornuyu nobeko. Phakathi iinjini - AZLK-21414 ukusuka 'Muscovite 2141 "kwaye iyunithi amandla Renault F3R. Unikezelo - nayo kwi-41 "Moskvich", isantya ezintlanu-manual. I-injini seelitha 1.8 kuphuhliswa izakhono 95 litres. C., kunye santya siphezulu ka-175 km / h.

Ubukhulu

Siyaqhubeka ukuhlola i "Moskvich-2139". Ubukhulu evenini baba 4.600 omise ubude, 1,800 omise ububanzi, 1640 mm ukuphakama. ubukhulu wamavili - 273 cm. Ubunzima ekunciphiseni evenini yaba 1300 kuphela kg. Le moto ukukhanya kakhulu eklasini yayo.

Lo matshini, ekube

Lo matshini, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe, wayeza ukuba sifakwe kungasalanga e Moscow, kodwa kummandla ukulungela ukusebenza. Emva AZLK isityalo yaba ntli umsebenzi kakhulu. Ngoko ke, indibano izicwangciso ngenxa ancedisayo. Kodwa kuqala kuyimfuneko ukuba ukugqiba ukwakha e Moscow, yezityalo injini, apho kwacetywa ukuvelisa Motors kuzo zonke iindlela ezintsha.

Kwaye, ngelishwa, ezi zicwangciso zange kube njalo, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ngendlela esemthethweni. Emva kokuba eSoviet Union yaphela, AZLS wayengekho de zokudalwa imifuziselo ezintsha phambili. Sele '92, kwaye kwacaca ukuba lo nto iphambili kwisityalo ngoku - ukuba trite sisinde kule ndawo entsha.

Kwangaxeshanye, isityalo ngokungummangaliso waqhubeka ukusebenza. Kodwa lo msebenzi "Arbat" yaye nje evenini-ithemba - umatshini ayizange. Car wadala elizweni ethe wayeka ukuya khona.

Nangona kutshanje kwi AZLK sithetha malunga nokwenzeka wokubuyisa iiprojekthi elide-ishiywe ukusuka uthuthu. Mhlawumbi evenini yakhululwa yesithathu yeminyaka. Mhlawumbi okufanayo "Renault" liya kusungula phantsi igama lebrendi "Moskvich", awawuthengayo uphawu. Kodwa okoko nje isithuthi kunokuba kuphela kwiphepha njengovavanyo isampulu ngazo weemyuziyam mveliso imoto.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke, sibonile ukuba yeyiphi neneempawu, uyilo evenini zasekhaya angaphakathi 'Moskvich Arbat ". Njengoko ubona, oku imoto kunye nembali elide, nto leyo zange wabumisela ukuze sibe yinyani.