"Mriya" AN-225. Ukuphononongwa, iinkcukacha, iifoto. moya izithuthi Heavy

Airliner An-225 "Mriya", ezithi zibekwe ngezantsi ifoto, yeyona elinzima-isigxina moya zonke endakha lathumela emoyeni. Inkulu ubunzima bayo ukundiza ulingana kwiitoni 640. Ukudala lo mfuziselo ngenxa imfuneko ukwakha inkqubo yothutho ngomoya iimfuno projekthi kwisiphekepheke ngebhegi eSoviet "Buran". Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngalo mzuzu lo moya, kukho ikopi enye kuphela. le yaye ngaphezulu Bonke baya ukuxoxwa ingenkcukacha ngezantsi.

Ukuze bayile

Embindini ka 1988 eSoviet Union, urhulumente wayalela Design isemoyeni bureau ukuphuhlisa projekthi kunye nokwakha moya entsha. Imfuneko engundoqo, leyo wafakwa phambili kuye, uya kukwazi ukuthutha iziphekepheke "Buran". Ukongeza, i-moya ekucetywa ukuba isetyenziswe kulo msebenzi njengoko moya zothutho, kuba ngenxa ukuba aphumeze kuthutho izixhobo enkulu ngenxa ioli, ukwakhiwa kunye namashishini imigodi.

owandulela

Ukongezelela zonke ezinye iimfuno, phambi kokuba abayili ukuba lo msebenzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa iindleko moya entsha. Ukongeza, kuyimfuneko oko ukunciphisa ixesha ekwakhiweni kwayo. Kulo mba, bagqiba ekubeni kusekezela yoyilo, ngokunjalo neeyunithi esisiseko kunye namacandelo kwezinye iindlela ezinkulu - i AN-124 "Ruslan". Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngelo xesha ngokuqinisekileyo phambili kuluhlu "moya Best Ukrainian" (isitya ifoto ngezantsi).

moya lokuqala le nqanawa kwenziwa ekupheleni kuka-1982. iimpawu zalo izithuthi babephakathi kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. A ubungqina okuphawuleka kukuba emva kokuvela "Ruslan" ezinye iinkampani aerospace zehlabathi waqalisa ukucokisa ngenkuthalo isitya zabo zothutho emoyeni. Oku kukwasebenza kwakhona baseMelika ngokungxamisekileyo ukuphucula yeprojekthi yabo "Lockheed" - C-5A "Galaxy".

Uphononongo lokuqala lwabonisa ukuba moya yezothutho enzima kwizibonakalisi ezifana umthamo umthwalo, wakwazi ukwenza izinto abasemthethweni ke "Buran" inkqubo nje kuphela, kwaye ke ioksijini yehayidrojini amatanki ze rocket "Energy" sikarhulumente ebekwe ecaleni. Kwelinye icala, ngenxa iintsiba zakhe isisila odnokilevym izithuthi lwangaphandle imithwalo elide baba engenakwenzeka.

iinguqu eziphambili

Abayili ziye zaba "Mriya" uyilo amaphiko. Ngokunxulumene kongezwe amacandelo ezongezelelweyo iziko liye landa amandla abo. Uyilo ngenxa yeendonga zokungqinga iphiko phezu iipayiloni into efanayo, kodwa inani labo landa ezintandathu. Ukuba ubungakanani fuselage umnqamlezo-candelo, xa kuthelekiswa ne ukuguqulwa yangaphambili, ihleli injalo, ubude elipheleleyo igobhogobho landa. Ukwenzela ukunciphisa ubunzima, kwagqitywa ekubeni kwi Ukuphelisa cargo emacaleni nazo zonke izixhobo ezenzelwe kulayishwa kunye nokothula. Sokufikelela gumbi zingumthwalo impumlo ze kuphuma khona nqanawa. Xa iyonke, kuvulwa okanye ukuvalwa kwiziphambuka kuthatha malunga ezilishumi imizuzu. Ukuze "Ruslan" imodeli esekwe nezinye izinto ezintlanu ezahlukeneyo kunye amavili amawele, abathe bona baba undoqo ngenxa kwisisu semoto, kwi An-225 landa inani labo sixhenxe. Empennage kungenzeka kwezithuthi kwempahla ngaphandle komzimba lwenziwa zikhangeleke-mbini.

intshumayelo

AN-225 "Mriya" ithiwe thaca kwi-uMyili eSoviet zoluntu jikelele isemoyeni ngeentengo, PV Balabuevym, Novemba 30, 1988. Kwangaxeshanye, iinjineli airliner yokuqala liqengqiwe ngaphandle kwisityalo ibandla. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva umatshini uya lenze yabo yokuqala isikhululo seenqwelo-moya mveliso, oko kukuthi ukubaleka ngesantya ukuya ku-200 km / h, ajike kwaye ukhwela nedawo phambi isisu semoto. February 1, 1989 kwi-moya "Borispol" Ekuqaleni eboniswe kwiingcali zangaphandle kunye neentatheli.

Lokuqala ngexesha elinye

Ekuqaleni, lo abayili wahlela ukwenza seziqalile emoyeni ngexesha elinye ngoDisemba 20, 1988. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba iimeko ezimbi zemozulu (yimimoya enamandla namafu) esi siganeko umisiwe. Kwakunjalo ngosuku olulandelayo. Ngaphandle koku, emva kokuba run-ukuya kutsho kwiimitha 950, isikhephe ngokulula off emhlabeni kwaye uqale ekusafuneka azinyuke. flight wesampula Esokuqala iyure-1, imizuzu engama-14. Into esemqoka ukuba wayeza kumisela xa abaqulunqi AN-225 "Mriya" - iimpawu kwenkqubo yolawulo isitya, kwakunye ukuchaneka nokuthembeka ekusebenzeni kwi-ibhodi kwezixhobo. Ukongeza, ezi iinjineli kwakufuneka ukucokisa izilungiso oomatshini ashukimisayo. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo moya, bafika kwisigqibo sokuba zonke iinkqubo kunye amacandelo asebenza ngokulandela ngokupheleleyo kunye data ubalwe. NgoDisemba 28, 1988 airliner okwenziwa omnye flight ngetshekhi.

amarekhodi

NgoMatshi 22, 1989 yaba engaqhelekanga kakhulu ebimiselwe flight moya "Mriya" (An-225). iimpawu zobugcisa nqanawa banikwa yonke imiqathango, ukuze ndibutshitshise iirekhodi kwihlabathi eziliqela. Ukulungiselela esi siganeko ngokubonakalayo inxaxheba iingcali ezininzi - abahloli, nabayili, amagcisa, iinjineli kunye nabaqhubi. Emva kokucingisisa iimpahla lekhomishini, ubunzima ogama etoni 156,3, amafutha lokufaka-imingxuma kwatywinwa. Okulandelayo, isitya ngaphandle iingxaki kunyuke emoyeni, yaye emva kwemizuzu engama-45 emva koko lukhona ngempumelelo. Ngeli thuba lifutshane bexesha AN-225 "Mriya" woyisakala 110 iirekhodi ehlabathini. impumelelo yangaphambili American "iBoeing 747-400" kakuhle kwizinto ezifana ubunzima isuka ubuninzi kugqithiwe nge-104 yeetoni. Ukuphonononga Iingcali wangqina ukuba An-225 ilinde ukuba ikamva olukhulu eliqaqambileyo.

Performance kweenjongo eziphambili

Enoba lwalunjani, sentlalo ihlabathi ubhala belingelilo njongo iphambili kulwakhiwo izinto ezintsha. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe ngentla apha, phambi kokuba injongo engaphandle ndiza ukuthutha isakhiwo isithuba "Buran". indiza yakhe yokuqala umthwalo kwi nqanawa "emva" wenza May 13, 1989, xa kusiwa cosmodrome "Baikonur" ezinjalo. Eli qela, ikhokelwa ngu A. Galunenkom, abakwazi ukuqinisekisa uphume benqanawa kunye "Buran" ebhodini, kwakunye ukulinganisa amafutha kunye nesantya yokubalekela ezahlukeneyo iimeko. kwiintsuku ezilishumi emva koko-moya olwenziwe isiw moya kwindlela "Baikonur-Kiev". Umgama yeekhilomitha 2700 kulo mzekelo zonganyelwe iyure-4 kunye mizuzu engama-25. Iifoto-moya sikhulu ehlabathini kunye "Buran" kwi yeBhodi inikwe apha ngezantsi.

Uhambo lokuqala yorhwebo

Bt moya woqoqosho An-225 wenze ngoMeyi 1990. Emva koko airliner perevoz itrekta olukhethekileyo "T-800" (oko: Umlinganiseli ngaphezu kweetoni kwe-100) saseChelyabinsk Yakutia. Emva kokuba afike kwi-moya, ngoko nangoko wakhwela bume isihlwele vostorzhonnoy. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba olu hambo yaba kude ngengozi. Oku kwakubaluleke kakhulu hayi nje kuqoqosho lwesizwe, njengoko kwenziwa ngenjongo sokuNgqinisisa ubuchule moya zothutho kwiimeko ezinzima, kokubini apha Arctic. Ngokutsho iziphumo abayili kwabanjwa inani lezifundo luncedo kunye nezigqibo ezixabisekileyo.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Enye yezinto ezilungileyo eziphambili "Mriya" moya (AN-225) - ezizodwa zobugcisa, data moya. Le nqanawa ke baxhotyiswe abasithandathu iinjini turbojet, leyo ibizwa D-18T. Ubunzima ngamnye kubo lidlula uphawu iitoni ezine. saliphosa yabo iyonke ilingana 1377 KN, nto leyo nanto ukuya kweli xabiso. Ngexesha ngexesha elinye, ngamnye kubo ophumayo, nto leyo 12 500 enjini. Namaphiko indiza leemitha 88,4, ngelixa ummandla - 905 square metres. Yona ubungakanani, ubude ukuphakama lingana no 84 18.1 eemitha, ngokulandelelana.

AN-225 isantya ingami olubekwe kwi-850 km / h. isitya ngokupheleleyo-ugcwalise Ngaphandle iitanki fuel unako ukuyoyisa amawaka 15 ngeekhilomitha kwimeko engenanto, kwaye 4.5 ophosa kunye bomthwalo. Payload airliner yaba 250. Ngelo xesha yena akwazi ukuphumeza moya ukuya ezinobude kweemitha 11,000. Ngokumalunga iimfuno moya, ubude bayo kufuneka ubuncinane kweekhilomitha ezi-3. Ukusetyenziswa zidliwe lo mshini phantse 16 kwiitoni ngeyure nganye (kuqikelelwa ukusebenza xa sihamba ngesantya kunye nomthwalo ngokupheleleyo).

amathuba

Lo moya iyakwazi yokuthutha ngqo lwangaphakathi kwempahla, ogama lokulinganisa ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-200, kunye nemithwalo zothutho enjalo iitoni ukuya ku-150. Ngaphandle kwi fuselage moya ntli izinto ezinkulu ukuba inobunzima ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-200 ukuya. Eli gumbi impahla i An-225 Kuyinto ebanzi. Ingakumbi, ngaphandle iingxaki ngaphakathi fuselage 16 moya yokuhlala izikhongozeli jikelele var-10 (10 tonnes), 50 iimoto Monocargo okanye ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-200 ukuya (iilori, umbane, injini, njalo njalo). Kuba ekulayisheni ukothula lo mfuziselo baxhotyiswa yonke oluxandileyo, iquka indlela ezine osusa umbane iitoni ezintlanu. Ukongeza, nabayili inqanawa aye asasaza winches ezimbini.

crew

Ulawulo-moya An-225 "Mriya" ikhutshwa phandle abantu abasebenza kuso, equka abantu abathandathu. Ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukufikelela kwi-moya, isihlalo ye pilot yokuqala neyesibini zixhotyiswe nge inkqubo yonke imithetho kwaye bayakwazi ukuphendula. Emva kubo ingcali nasemsebenzini navigation nonxibelelwano. Ekunene kwi izihlalo moya ibekwe iinjineli kwi-ebhodini. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isithuba esishiyiweyo yabelungu yogcino ngaphakathi moya. Inkosi endlwaneni ifakwe lilonke lezihlalo ezintandathu, kwaye aphakamileyo - elinambini. Ukuze ube kukumthetheli-crew lo matshini, omnye umqhubi kufuneka babe namava imodeli yolawulo An-124 "Ruslan", eliquka angekho ngaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu.

Avionics

Xa avionics Model AN-225 "Mriya" kuquka ulawulo moya oluzenzekelayo yokusebenza kwenkqubo, kunye umboniso kunye imaphu olutshintshayo. Kulo mzekelo, okubeka esweni iimviwo ze-elektroniki, leyo eyenzelwe ukulawula elektroniki, bengekho. gumbi ngeempumlo yahlulwe ummandla ezimbini Heating. Ezi nkundla ke zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko radar komhlaba navigation, radar kanye inkqubo zokujonga phambili. Xa indima units reserve apha kwisalathiso sengqondo kunye nokuphakama Isalathisi. Ukongeza, le elorini unalo Isalathisi indawo zokuxhathisa amafutha, izikhombisi basafunda khawuncede, abenzi aphambuke isuka kunye nezixhobo indiza kunye imiphezulu yolawulo.

ukuzalwa

Emva kokuwa yiSoviet Union, moya inkulu ehlabathini azizange wayefuna. Ngowe-1994, iinqwelo-moya yayo yayekwa. Ngaphezu koko, Motors kunye nezinye izixhobo kunye naye konke konke athatyathwa ukusebenzisa ngakumbi "Ruslan". Enoba lwalunjani, ngakumbi unyaka wonke kwaye ngakumbi waziva imfuneko project bazamile osihloko sithi "Mriya": iinqwelomoya ezinkulu kwezinye abenzi eziphambili baye bakwazi ukumelana imisebenzi ezibe kuphela imodeli AN-225. Ngenxa yoko, nabayili ukulungiselelwa nqanawa ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela kwawo ezikhoyo nemigangatho zoPhapho.

"Mriya" lo wokuzalwa yesibini Meyi 7, 2001. Kwaba lelo xesha ke, emva kokuba uthotho runs, amathuba kunye nqanawa test waphinda wavuka emoyeni. On bhodi ziyaphawulwa ngokuzibhala uphawu iUre-82060 kunye neqela elikhokelwa pilot AV Galunenko. Machine liba- malunga neshumi elinesihlanu lemizuzu umoya, yaye emva koko lukhona ngokukhuselekileyo. May 23, 2011 isitya ifumene zonke iziqinisekiso kuyimfuneko, kuquka amazwe. Ingasetyenziswa yezithuthi yorhwebo yempahla.

ikopi yesibini

Ukususela kwasekuqaleni kwakusakhiwa AN-225 "Mriya" kwacetywa ukudala iikopi ezimbini kuyo. Ngaphandle koku, umatshini yesibini sigqityiwe kwaye wayengekho. Isizathu soku yaba kukunqongophala-mali olufanelekileyo le projekthi. Okwangoku, yena okwanguThixo, ohlala kummandla isemoyeni mveliso. Iingcali ziqikelela ukuba iqondo iyonke lokulungela yayo ku-70 ekhulwini. Ngokucace kakhulu, ukususela leSoviet yaba icandelo fuselage, iphiko elinye lezobugisa. Ngokutsho abayili, nilwenze olu matshini kungenzeka kakhulu, kodwa kuthatha isixa semali, ezilinganayo ukuya malunga nezigidi ezili-150 zeerandi US. Oku kunokwenzeka kuphela xa umthengi okanye abaxhasi.

Ezinye iimpawu moya "Mriya"

Ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko ngexesha iziko moya womxhuzulane-moya kunye impahla kufuneka zibekwe ubude ngaphakathi kwemida ethile. Kule nkalo, i-ekulayisheni kwenzeka ngokungqinelana myalelo. Ukwamkeleka kwale nkqubo luxanduva bexabana. Oku kuye kwakhokelela abanye abenzi ukuthutha le inqanawa ayikwazi ingasetyenziswa, ngoko ibhodi ithuthwa ikopi ngayo ifowuni. Lo moya yezothutho enzima, ngenxa ubunzima bomsebenzi imoto phezu kombekelelo wamatye sihlale imikhondo kwisisu semoto. Kulo mzekelo, ixabiso elinye isondo iqala uphawu ziliwaka eerandi US.