MS Access. I-MS Access yolwazi. MS Access 2007

I-MS Access yinkqubo yolawulo lweenkcukacha ze -client-server (DBMS) ephuma kwi-Microsoft. Ulwalamano luthetha ukuba lusekelwe kwiibhile. Makhe siqwalasele le nkqubo ngokubanzi.

Sisiphi isiseko sedatha?

Idatha yolwazi luqukethe isethi yamatafula, phakathi kobuphi ubudlelwane bokwakhiwa, okanye ikhonkco. I-DBMS igobolondo evumela ukuba wenze kwaye usebenzise i-MS Access yolwazi.

Cinga ngeenzuzo kunye nokungalunganga kwesi saziso.

Izinzuzo ze-Microsorf Access DBMS

• Ubume obucacileyo kunye nobunzulu. Unokuqala ukusebenza kunye nale database ngaphandle kokuba nezakhono ezizodwa. Ukongezelela, uninzi lwezixhobo zoncedo, iikhompyutheni ze-intanethi kunye ne-intanethi ziza kunceda umqalayo.
• Idatha ye-MS Access iyaziwa kwaye iyathandwa kakhulu kwii-PCs ze desktop. Oku kuthetha ukuba unokuhlala ucela uncedo kumhlobo osisebenzise isiseko sedatha ixesha elide, ukulungiselela iingcebiso, kwaye usebenze kunye nedatha enye kwinethiwekhi.
• Ubungakanani obungenasiphelo bokuthumela ngaphandle kwedata: idatha evela kwiithebhile ingahanjiswa kwi-Excel, iLizwi, ithunyelwe kwi-XML, ifakwe kwi-PDF, ingathethi, ngaphandle kweengxaki, ukudlulisela izinto ezikhethiweyo kwelinye idatha.
• Xabiso eliphantsi. Ukuba uthengela i-MS Access njengenxalenye yephakheji epheleleyo yeMicrosoft Office, ngoko, xa kuthelekiswa nezinye i-DBMS ezihlawulwayo, intlawulo iya kuba nzima.
• Ukhetho olubanzi lwabayili bezakhiwo zokwakha, iingxelo kunye nemibuzo, apho ungayicoca idatha kwaye uyibonise ngendlela efanelekileyo.
• Amandla amakhulu okungenisa idatha: ukuba unedatha yenkcazo eyenziwe ngoncedo lweprogram yegama MS Word okanye inkqubo yefayile ye-MS Excel, unokuwahambisa ngokulula kwi-database yakho ngoncedo lwedayidi. Ukongeza, ungangenisa ngaphakathi kwincwadi elula yombhalo, kwixwebhu le-XML, kunye nakwiifayile zeenkcukacha ezidalwe kwezinye i-DBMS (njengeDBASE, PARADOX).
• Ikhono lokwenza iphasiwedi kwi-database yakho.
• Ulwimi oluphakamileyo lwe-VBA.
• Ikhono lokurekhoda ii-macros.
• Umhleli we SQL.

Ukulungiselela abaprogram, kukho enye enye ebalulekileyo kunye: i-Access JET 4 yengundoqo ikhiwe kwiinkqubo zokusebenza zeMicrosoft, ngokuqala ngeWindows 98. Oku kuthetha ukuba isicelo esilungileyo esisebenzisa isiseko sedatha esenziwe kwi-Access siya kudluliselwa kuyo nayiphi na ikhompyutha yeWindows ngaphandle kweengxaki. Iya kusebenza ngaphandle kokufakela i-DBMS ngokwayo. Kwi-pinch, kufuneka ufune ukufaka i-RUNTIME, inguqulo onokuyikhuphela kwiwebhusayithi ye-Microsoft mahhala.

Njengoko ubona, inzuzo ye-MS Access iyabonakala. Kodwa zonke i-pluses zingabhekiswa ziingxaki ezingundoqo. Cinga ngabo.

Iingxaki zeMicrosoft Access

• I-MS Access ibhekisela kwi-DBMS yefayile-server. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukucwangciswa kwedatha kwenzeka ngqo kwiikhompyutheni zabaxumi, umsebenzisi. Umncedisi uyingxenye kuphela efumana idatha kwaye ayithumele kwiimfuneko. Oku kubangele imifudlana emikhulu yedatha eqhutywe kwinethiwekhi yendawo, kunye nenani elikhulu labasebenzisi abasebenzisana nedata, ukudibanisa kwenethiwekhi kunokwenzeka. I-classic-server architecture ihlala iquka ukusebenza okuphantsi kunye nenani elikhulu labasebenzisi. Kwi-MS Access 2010, le ngxaki ixazululwe ngokukodwa.
• Ukungabikho kwezixhobo zokukhusela ezithembekileyo. Enyanisweni, kuphela iphasiwedi kwisiseko sedatha kwaye iphasiwedi yomsebenzisi isetyenziswa. Kuba ngumphathi onamava, akunzima ukususa olo khuselo.
• Imodi yomsebenzisi ezininzi inokwenzeka kuphela kwinethiwekhi yontanga okanye kwinethiwekhi ene server yefayili.
• Ukuphuhlisa isikhombisi esingasimgangathanga, kufuneka ukuba utsale abaprogram.
• Umbuzo we- SQL umhleli unobunzima, akunakwenzeka ukuyisebenzisa.
• Le DBMS ayikhululekile.
• Ukufikelela kwe-MS kugxilwe kwiinkqubo zokusebenza ze-Windows. Ukuzama ukusebenzisa idatha edalwe kule databana kwezinye iinkqubo zokusebenza (umzekelo, i-LINUX), kuya kufuneka ucinge kakhulu. Kulula ukudlulisa idatha kwenye i-DBMS.

Emva kokuqwalasela i-minuses kunye ne-pluses ye-MS Access, kwinguqulelo ka-2007 sinikeza imiyalelo malunga nekhono le DBMS.

Ukudala ietafile

Akukho nto elula kunokudala itafile entsha usebenzisa iMac Access 2007:

1. Emva kokuvula isiseko sedatha, iya kwi "Yakha" ithebhu.
2. Siqhosha kwi icon "Itafile", ngowokuqala ngakwesobunxele.
3. Sinomfanekiso obonakalayo wetafile ngegama eliqhelekileyo "Itheyibhile 1" kunye nensimu "yeCode" ngokuzenzekelayo.
4. Ungaqala ukungena kwedatha kwikholamu yesibili. Emva kokungena kumgca, kufuneka ucinezele ukhiye wokungena. Ikholam iya kuthiwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwi "Field 1", insimu "yeKhowudi" iya kusekwa kwixabiso linye, ukungena kwedatha kumgca olandelayo kuya kufumaneka.
5. Ukuqamba kwakhona ikholam, nqakraza kuyo kunye ne mouse ngokuphindwe kabini. Kucetyiswa ukuba uchaze amagama ekholomu ngaphandle kwezikhala!
6. Umakhi wesiseko sedatha kwi-Access 2007 uhlakaniphile kakhulu. Ukuba ufaka ixabiso lexesha kumgca wokuqala wetafile entsha, njengowomgca olandelayo kwikholam enye, uya kucelwa ukuba usebenzise ngokukhawuleza ukusebenzisa ikhalenda.
7. Ukugqiba ukudala kwetafile, kufuneka ulondoloze ngokuchofoza kwi icon okanye ngokucinezela i-CTRL + S.

Abasebenzisi abaninzi banokukhululeka ukutshintshela kwimodi ye "Designer" yomsebenzi obonakalayo kwimimandla yetafile, kuba kule meko ungacacisa uhlobo lwemihlaba, izithintelo kwixabiso. Kule ndlela, unokuhamba nanini na itafile, nqakraza kwiqhosha elihambelana nepaneli.

Ukudala imibuzo

Cinga indlela yokwenza imibuzo kwi-MS Access. Masenze ngo-2007 umbuzo olula kwimodi yoyilo:

1. Kwipaneli ye "Imenyu", kwi-"Yakha" ithebhu, nqakraza iqhosha elithi "Umbuzo Umqambi".
2. Uza kubona ngokukhawuleza iwindi yokukhetha ietafile. Cofa kwitafile nganye apho ufuna ukukhetha idatha. Kufuneka ukhunjulwe ukuba unokwenza ukhetho kuphela ukuba iitheyibhile eziliqela zingaxhunyaniswa ngokuchanekileyo komnye nomnye usebenzisa intsimi.
3. Ukuba ukhethe amatafula amaninzi, kufuneka udale unxibelelwano phakathi kwabo ngokuhudula umgca ukusuka kwintsimi enye yetafile enye ukuya kwintsimi ehambelana nomnye.
4. Ngoku klibanisa kabini amasimu kwitafile nganye ofuna ukuyibona ngenxa yoko.
5. Kwi-bar yemenyu kwiThebhu yokwakha, nqakraza kwinqanaba elikhulu lokumemeza. Ngaphambi kwakho kwifom yefayili iya kubonakala umphumo wesampuli yakho.

Le yindlela eqhelekileyo yokudala imibuzo. Ngemibuzo enzima, funda uncedo lwe-intanethi okanye sebenzisa izixhobo ezizodwa.

Ngamanye amaxesha umsebenzisi we-novice ufuna ukubonisa idata yakhe kwifomati enomdla ngaphezu kwetafile elula. Emva koko isixhobo se-MS Access - "iifom" - siya kumnceda.

IWeb Wizard

Kulo mzekelo woFikelelo 2007, makhe sijonge indlela yokusebenzisa i-master fomu:

1. Kwiphepha elithi "Yakha" kwi "Iifom" kwicandelwana ukuya kwi "Ifom yeFomu" ngokusebenzisa "Ezinye iifom".
2. Khetha ukusuka kuluhlu oluhla-phantsi kwetafile okanye umbuzo ofuna ukudala ifom ebonakalayo.
3. Ukusebenzisa amaqhosha ">" kunye ">>" ukuhambisa iikholomu eziyimfuneko kwi-"Fields Available" kwibhloko "Ezikhethiweyo" ukuvimba enye ngexesha okanye zonke ngokukhawuleza, ngokulandelanayo. Chofoza "iqhosha elilandelayo".
4. Khetha ukubonakala kwefomu ngokusebenzisa umtshini.
5. Emva koko, khetha isitayela sefom, kwaye unokuklikha iqhosha elithi "Qedela". Ngaphambi kwakho, idatha yetafile yakho okanye umbuzo kwisakhiwo esimnandi.

Ukwenza iifom ezininzi, kufuneka usebenzise umakhi ofanelekileyo.

Emva kokuba sihlolisise le miyalelo, sinokugqiba ukuba i-MS Access yithuba elihle leendleko ezincinci. Ubunxibelelwano obucacileyo, ukusabalalisa, ukwakha abakhi bomncedisi kunye nabenzi-wizard - konke oku kwenza kube lula ukuyila isiseko sedatha kwaye usebenze nayo.