Mstislav Keldysh: engobomi, iifoto usapho

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich (ubuzwe - Russian) wayengusosayensi yiSoviet kwinkalo yemathematika nezixhotyana, academician kunye nomongameli we-USSR Academy of Sciences. Wadlala indima ephambili kwinkqubo kwisithuba eSoviet.

Unyana noyise abanetalente

Uyise Keldysha Vsevolod Mihaylovich yaba injineli zomkhosi yamakhaya abo baphumelela Riga Polytechnic Institute. Apho watshata Maria Alexandrovna Skvortsova, ngubani na ukuba usukelene ukukhulisa abantwana. Uyise waba jikelele zokudubula, ukususela yezikhulu. Uyise Vsevolod Mikhailovich waba ngugqirha zomkhosi elikwinqanaba jikelele, kwaye yezikhulu. Keldysh wayesoloko nebhongo ukuzalwa kwakhe amanene, nto leyo eyabangela iingxaki kwilizwe ngamaKomanisi. Ngenxa yohlobo lomsebenzi usapho Vsevolod Mikhailovich waya kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo. Uye emandiyenze kumaziko zobugcisa kwaye bathatha inxaxheba kuyilo nolwakhiwo le Moscow Metro kunye channel eMoscow - iVolga.

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich: biography

Keldysh Mstislav wayengomnye wabantwana abasixhenxe. Umama wabafundisa isiJamani kunye isiFrentshi, waza wafaka uthando umculo. Udade wabo, Lyudmila waba yezibalo odumileyo nomntakwabo uYuri - musicologist.

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich, osapho ngo-1909 bafudukela Riga, apho utata wakhe into emandiyenze kwi Polytechnic Institute, owazalwa 10.2.1911. Ngowe-1915, umkhosi waseJamani wahlasela Latvia kunye nabasebenzi Riga Polytechnic Institute bakhutshwe eMoscow. Apha usapho zafumana ubunzima, kwiminyaka embalwa abahlala ngaphandle komzi, kodwa abazali wayemthanda umculo weklasiki kwaye Ikonsathi ngokufuthi watyelela kweso sixeko. Abantwana wakhumbula ngenye imini ngowe-1917, xa umama wabo wayesalusa amatswele usapho eqhotsiweyo wonke, njengabanye ukutya. Ekupheleni kuka-1918 intsapho yakowabo yafudukela Ivanovo-Voznesensk, njengoko uyise waqala ukufundisa endlwini kwiziko apho Riga Polytechnic Institute ithe nca.

Ukufundisisa eMoscow

Ngowe-1923, intsapho yakowabo yafudukela eMoscow, kunye Mstislav, owayeneminyaka eli-12 ubudala, ukuya isikolo №7 e Krivoarbatsky lane. Le nkwenkwe, xa inkangeleko nokuziphatha efana lwesigypsy, waba obubi holova.

Keldysh wayezidla imvelaphi yakhe amanene, nangona Kuba kube lula ukuba ayenalo ezifihliweyo. Iifom ezisemthethweni wayesoloko wazisa irekhodi "imvelaphi - amanene", ngoko ke ngowe-1927 walelwa ukwamkelwa Institute of Engineers Civil.

udadewethu omdala Lyudmila ngokunxamnye iminqweno uyise, akubona ukuba unyana engineer, wamcenga ukuba ukufunda izibalo. Mstislav wangena Moscow State University Faculty of Mathematics and Physics waza waphumelela July 24, 1931 Ngomhla ngengcebiso ngokungqongqo ngutitshala Keldysh Lavrenteva owaphumelela abanetalente wabelwa Central Aero-Hydrodynamic Institute.

Umsebenzi e TsAGI

TsAGI iimeko amahle uphando zadalwa. Apha Keldysh wadibana Leonidom Sedovym, leyo wabopha lokubambisana lwenzululwazi kwakunye nobuhlobo, iya kuchaphazela bayahlelwa sisazinzulu.

Kwiminyaka 1934-37 apapasha uthotho lwamanqaku aerohydrodynamics, umbhali kwawo Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich. Ukukhula sisazinzulu abanetalente baqalisa ukucombulula enye iingxaki Aviation ngelo xesha - intlokoma strong ngequbuliso ukuba atshitshise-moya. Umsebenzi wakhe theory wanceda ukoyisa le ngxaki. Ukongeza, wayeqhuba uphando ithisisi yakhe zobugqirha ngokusetyenziswa kuthotho polynomial ukuba umelo imisebenzi harmonic nezintsonkothileyo variable, bendibakhusela ngegunya 1938

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich: usapho kunye nabantwana

Ngowe-1938, emva kokuba ukuthandana elide yomfazi otshatileyo, watshata Keldysh eliyi Valeryanovna. Kunyaka olandelayo, yena wazala intombi, kwaye ngo-1941 -, unyana ka-Peter. Nyana bathweswa izidanga Mechanics and Mathematics, intombi kamva wasebenza Keldysh myuziyam.

A sezibalo onesiphiwo

Keldysh baqhubeka nocwaningo lwakhe yaye ngokufuthi ubambisene utitshala wakhe owayesakuba Mihailom Lavrentevym. Omnye imixholo ukuba wayefuna ukwazi ingxaki Dirichlet.

Mstislav Keldysh waba yezibalo abanetalente kunye nethiyori ye umehluko zibalo. Ingakumbi igalelo esisiseko wamenza isebe isicelo yokubhabha. Yena umcebisi enye ingcali yale urhulumente engundoqo kunye nomququzeleli yomsebenzi azo ezinxulumene injini ye jet ze indawo sharing-1940-60.

Ingxaki moya lokungcangcazela kuphela omnye wemisebenzi yokuqala apho asebenza khona. Ingxaki ezinxulumene yesibini Ndandingcangcazela, oko kudla ngaphambili kwendiza gear-moya phezu lokuhlala. Apha, kwaba amava luncedo olufunyenwe ekucombululeni iingxaki ukungcangcazela, yaye shimmy yayo isisombululo, kunye imiyalelo eneenkcukacha ukuba iinjineli malunga nendlela ukubusiphula, kuchazwa 1945. Ukusebenza Zhukovsky TsAGI, akazange ashiye Mathematical Institute, iSebe Boomatshini zaveduya ukususela ekuqalweni kwayo ngo-Apreli 1944 ukuya ku-1953

Imizekelo yemisebenzi kulo kwithuba awawuqalayo Steklov Institute: "Kwi-avareji kelelo quadratic polynomial nemisebenzi variable leqela" (1945), "Ngomhla zelwe kwemisebenzi lonke" (1947). Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba nangona le misebenzi imathematika abstract, inzala Keldysh ezi ngxaki yavela ngenxa iingcamango intsukaphi ekucombululeni iingxaki isicelo zemathematika.

Space and izixhobo zenyukliya

Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, Mstislav Keldysh nalapha ngaphakatyhi benza kwicala iiprojekthi zophando eziphambili eziye zamiselwa eSoviet Union. Ngowe-1946 wayishiya TsAGI ukuba abe yintloko Jet basafunda Research Institute yaye yabanjwa kule ndawo iminyaka elithoba.

Waye usekela-mongameli we-USSR ngo-1961-62 kunye nomongameli ngo-1962-75, ngokulandelelana. Njengendlela yokubhiyozela iminyaka engama-60 ngowe-1971, wathi wayezisola ukupheliswa sophando kwaye ugxininisa ulawulo kunye nolawulo. Sekunjalo, yena wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso izixhobo zenyukliya Soviet, kwakunye nenkqubo emajukujukwini. Ngokomzekelo, waba ngomnye oosonzululwazi amathathu ecetywayo ngo-1954 yinkqubo satellite isithuba yiSoviet, yaye ngo-1955 waba usihlalo wale khomishini wamisa ukuba ongamele inkqubo. Ukuphehlelelwa yokuqala isathelayithi ngempumelelo ngo-1957 kwaphawula ekuqaleni inkqubo engqongqo kophando isithuba, kwaye Keldysh lalibandakanyekile kweli ngokusebenzisa inani lemibutho ezahlukeneyo, ezifana njengoko eya isebe kwimathematika izicelo.

Sebenza le Academy of Sciences

Ngowe-1959 ukuba wadala Interdepartmental Scientific and Technical Council, leyo wamiselwa intloko Mstislav Keldysh.

Biography of sisazinzulu esaziwayo lolawulo lwakhe njengoMongameli waseUSSR, apho wakwazi ukuphumeza iinguqulelo ezinkulu. Ngokukodwa, i-Party wamaKomanisi kubacekisa yemfuza, kuba akazange ilingane ideology wayo, kwaye endaweni zixhase oluchanekileyo kwezopolitiko, kodwa iingcamango Trofim Lysenko anti-lwezenzululwazi. Ngowe-1964, xa umlingane wakhe UNikolai Nuzhdin kuye kwandululwa njengelungu epheleleyo Academy, Andrei yiSakharov, indawo osebenza sisazinzulu ukuphuhlisa izixhobo zenyukliya, wamelana. yenqaba Le candidacy, kunye Keldysh negalelo ekudaleni iimeko nasekuphuhliseni inzululwazi ngaphandle uphazamiseko kwezopolitiko, ukuba imeko yezopolitiko ezazikho ngelo xesha kwakunzima kakhulu eSoviet Union.

Ngowe-1975, ngenxa yezizathu zempilo Mstislav Keldysh, wayeka njengomongameli the Academy. Kukholelwa ukuba le nto isenokubangelwa ukusebenza, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yengcinezelo okubangelwe neenzima kukhuselo siseko yezenzululwazi kwimeko apho yesayensi isetyenziswa nje isixhobo engundoqo wezepolitiki. Wafa 6/24/78 Keldysh kunye ngembeko wangcwatyelwa yesicelo Wall Necropolis.

iimbasa zikarhulumente

Keldysh sele iphumelele iimbasa ezininzi zombini kwilizwe lakhe yaye bavela kwamanye amazwe. Yena lawongwa ngebhaso kaRhulumente (1942) kunye IMbasa Red Banner of Labour (1943) ngomsebenzi wakhe moya lokungcangcazela. Ngo-1946 yanikwa elinye State Prize ngomsebenzi wakhe phezu shimmy.

Ngowe-1943 wonyulwa esihambelanayo ilungu Academy of Sciences kunye academician yeminyaka emithathu ngokupheleleyo kamva. Ngowe-1956 wafumana isihloko uHero Socialist Labour zokusombulula iingxaki zokhuselo wafumana Prize Lenin kunyaka olandelayo. Ngowe-1961, waphinda waba ligorha Socialist Yabasebenzi, eli xesha ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe imijukujelwa kunye "East", iziphekepheke yehlabathi yokuqala igadwe, wakhwela leyo kaYuri Gagarin. amaxesha mithandathu wawongwa Order of uLenin iimbasa izihlandlo eziliqela.

ingqalelo kwihlabathi

Keldysh wayelilungu zezifundiswa ezininzi: Mongol (1961), Poland (1962), Czech (1962), Isi-Romanian (1965) German (1966), Bulgarian (1966), Hungary (1970) oqeqesho of Sciences, i-American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1966 ) kwaye wonyulwa ukuba ilungu Wawongwa the Royal society Edinburgh 1 Julayi 1968 naye wafumana ubugqirha yekhethelo University Warsaw.

Ekugqibeleni, yena wonyulwa ukuba Central Committee CPSU (1961) kunye nelungu ePhakamileyo yiSoviet ye-USSR (1962). Ukongeza, umngxuma kwenyanga igama lakhe nodumo lwakhe, iplanethi minor, wafumanisa ngo-1973.