NAFTA - is ... North American Free Trade Zone. NAFTA: iinjongo neenjongo

NAFTA - ummandla yorhwebo North American simahla, nto leyo isivumelwano phakathi kwamazwe afana Melika, Canada kunye Mexico. Ngomhla kummandla kwezi States iye yasekwa kwindawo yemarike elinye. Esi sivumelwano phakathi kwamazwe zentloko yayo ngo-1994. Phantsi kwemiqathango yeli lizwe sivumelwano, bayinxalenye lombutho, bazimisele kule minyaka ilishumi ezayo nokuphelisa ngokupheleleyo amasiko kunye nemiqobo yokundwendwela. Kwakhona, kwafikelelwa kwisivumelwano ukumisela imigaqo ukuze kwakhiwe ukhuphiswano olufanelekileyo kunye nokudalwa iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze intshukumo mahala lweenkonzo kwikomkhulu.

ezingokomthetho

Ukusuka kwindawo osemthethweni yokucingela NAFTA - isivumelwano maxesha US-Canadian kwi kurhwebo ezamahala, esatyikitywa ngowe-1988. Xa siqwalasela isivumelwano phakathi kwamazwe ezimbini into yezopolitiko, kufeza awasabela waseMerika kwinkqubo ifomati Ukuhlanganiswa yaseYurophu, kuquka imfundo, kwenzeka ngo-1992.

NAFTA ixhasa ingqwalasela imodeli ye-European Union kwi inkalo yokuhlanganiswa kwezoqoqosho. Umahluko kukungabikho ukuzinikela kwezopolitiko ukuba ukuyilwa imizimba supranational. Oku kungenxa kumazwe aphuhlileyo-hlukeneyo: Melika Canada kakhulu kuphuhliswa imimandla, kwaye Mexico - yindawo ngenkuthalo asakhulayo. NAFTA yahluke kakhulu ukusuka amazwe EU kwi inani, kodwa kude udlula kuyo, hayi kuphela ngokwemigaqo GDP, kodwa ngokwemiqathango abemi. Kunokwenziwa isigqibo ukuba i NAFTA - yeyona manyano inkulu kwezoqoqosho ehlabathini.

Yintoni amathemba ngentsebenziswano avuleka phezulu?

amazwe Ilungu NAFTA ngentsebenziswano kuqina norhwebo kunye nobudlelwane yezoqoqosho, oko nje kuphela kwavula iindlela ezintsha zophuhliso, kwakukho uthotho yonke imiqathango. America engagqibekanga igqithiselwe kummandla Mexico, imveliso yezoshishino waqalisa ukungenisa uluhlu olubanzi kwempahla kuloo lizwe ngamaxabiso aphantsi xa kuthelekiswa zorhwebo izinto ezifanayo ezivela eMelika.

Kufana msebenzi kwi US yabasebenzi emarikeni kuphuphuma umthamo eMexico. Yaqinisa ingxaki deflation. Kuba Mexico, wavula umnyango ukuya US emarikeni kunye namanye amazwe aphuhlileyo, umthamo lotyalo-mali lwangaphandle liye landa, kuquka siboleka kuqoqosho karhulumente.

Ngokuphathelele izahlulo zoqoqosho, bona babe ekuphuhliseni amazwe ukuba umlinganiswa elinye macala. Enrichment waziva kuphela abakhethekileyo. Ngokuvumelanayo isakhiwo nje ezihlangene Canada. Wakwazi ukuphepha omkhulu de-mveliso kunye ukwanda kwamanye amazwe kwimizi-mveliso. Eyona ndima ephambili Canada ukuba asebenze njengomthetheli kobudlelwane phakathi eUnited States lwamazwe eLatin American.

Yintoni iqukiwe ingcamango NAFTA?

Kwizoni kwezoqoqosho ngokuyimfuneko iseti kwezivumelwano, apho usebenza kuphela kwiinkonzo kunye notyalo-mali, kodwa kwakhona kubandakanya manyano yamazwe aphuhlileyo kwezoqoqosho. Amalungiselelo ziquka ilungiselelo malunga imisebenzi yeshishini e North America ziquka:

• Ukufikelela kwiimarike utyalo-mali.
• Iziqinisekiso.
• Iinkonzo kunye namalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda.
• yokuthenga Government.
• Amanyathelo ebezingahambelani nemigangatho.
• Yokungena ukuba ngoosomashishini.
• kwengxabano.

Uxanduva lwamalungu oburhulumente

Ummandla obekelwe ushishino ebekelwa angamalungu kwizithintelo ezithile. Ngoko ke, Melika, Canada kunye Mexico zinyanzelekile ukuba ukugcina uluhlu lweerhafu zabo amasiko wesizwe nomba korhwebo kunye namazwe angaphandle.

Ezivunywe nokuhamba kwempahla emva kwethuba lotshintsho eyi-10 (maxa wambi kwiminyaka eli-15) kummandla ubunye kwezoqoqosho. Umthetho ukwasebenza impahla bezithe zafunyaniswa ukuba eUnited States, Mexico naseKhanada. Isivumelwano ijolise ekuphuculeni iimeko korhwebo kwiinkonzo, sokumisa indlela yotyalo-mali efanayo.

Isivumelwano waba inamathandabuzo malunga ngokubuyiselwa okwexeshana ukhuseleko ngenxa ezithile amashishini, baza ilahleko ngenxa zorhwebo iindidi ezithile yempahla. amazwe NAFTA, uluhlu endababalwa ngentla, kufuneka ulandele ngaphandle ezithile nolawulo jikelele yonxulumano ezamahala kwezoqoqosho.

Niyazi ukuba umthetho

Sizoku lwisana yokuseka indawo ezamahala yorhwebo kukho amaxesha oko kungangqinelani sivumelwano. Ngenxa yoko, phakathi lombutho NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) uqhubeka ukusebenzisa le migangatho ilandelayo:

• Mexico ugciné ilungelo lokuba abeke izithintelo kwimisebenzi angaphandle kweli ingxenye oyile.
• Canada unelungelo ngokuthintela ukufikelela amaqembu athile ulwazi abe ukubaluleka ethile kwi nokhuphiswano lwenkcubeko. Le losasazo kunye nokuveliswa bhanya, upapasho lweencwadi kunye neengxelo zemveliso.
• I-United States igcinwe ilungelo ukuxhasa inqanaba ngokupheleleyo ngamaxabiso emakhaya, ekunene kwi ukulondolozwa kweenkqubo zokuthenga kwicandelo lezolimo.

Ingakumbi ukususwa kwemisebenzi

Yonke imveliso kwi sikhokelo wentsebenziswano zahlulwe ngokweendidi ezintathu. Eli qela shishino (ngaphandle kwemveliso nendwangu), Iqela kwezolimo textile kunye nempahla olubandakanyayo. Kudidi ngalunye imveliso eziziimpawu ucwangciso lwakho ngamnye yokunciphisa iifizi. Kufuneka athi malunga nokususwa ngokupheleleyo lweerhafu kumaqela ahlukeneyo emveliso. Xa injongo kwexesha elide wekhwelo lokumanywa NAFTA ubeka ebalulekileyo kakhulu ngakumbi. Phakathi kwiminyaka 5-15 sihlelwe yokuphelisa inkoliso yemisebenzi.

imisebenzi Ukutyala imali-sikhokelo yonxulumano, njl

Njengenxalenye lombutho NAFTA lizwe amalungu adweliswe ngasentla, kukho 5 imigaqo lubalaseleyo wokhuseleko zabatyali-mali bangaphandle kunye ikomkhulu labo. Zezi:

• Ukungabikho naluphina ucalu kwicandelo mali.
• Ukupheliswa ngokupheleleyo iimfuno zombini abatyali kunye ngegalelo labo.
• Free nentshukumo zonke nokuphuma kwemali, yimizekeko ezinxulumene ngqo kutyalo-mali.
• Expropriation (nangona phantsi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe).
• Vula ilungelo isicelo kwiijaji elikwinqanaba ngamazwe phambi ukunyhashwa nezibonelelo zesivumelwano esikhoyo.

Isivumelwano unika uxanduva ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo impahla patents, zokuthengisa impahla ngokwasengqondweni. imithetho ekhoyo, nto leyo evumela ukuba lijonge indawo imveliso yorhwebo. Ngenxa yoko, imveliso yabelwa kuRhulumente kummandla apho wayesele processing inkulu (zibalwe njengepesenti).

imigomo association

NAFTA - enkulu-isikali lwengingqi zone ezamahala-urhwebo kunye elinabantu ephakathi 406 yezigidi zabantu kunye GDP idibene $ 10.3 yezigidi zezigidi. Formation ababili ngenxa inani yemida kunye uluhlu lweenjongo olufanayo, eziya kuphunyezwa. Ezona zinto zifuneka kuqala lombutho zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ukwakhiwa NAFTA ngenxa kufutshane geographical yelungu ithi. Ngaphezu koko, imeko yezoqoqosho, njengoko kunjalo olugunyazisa macala. Into efanayo iye yabangela nesakhiwo umbutho naphthyl. Kwekomkhulu manyano ayikho enye. Bathi ezintathu: e Ottawa, Washington kunye City Mexico.
• Phakathi States ziye ekho- ubudlelwane kunye amaqhina zorhwebo close kwezoqoqosho, bekukho ukwanda intsebenziswano mveliso.
• E Canada kunye Mexico, inani leenkampani US na ngendlela landa. EMelika bayaphumelela zamazwe ngamazwe waseKhanada.
• Ngokuqinisekileyo ukuqhubeka ngokomeleza isikhundla hayi nje i-EU kodwa Japan.

Kakhulu ngokucacileyo, umbutho NAFTA kwabunjwa Ziziphi izizathu. Inxaxheba amazwe, kokusayina isivumelwano, ukongeza ukusebenza yentsebenziswano kwaye liye lalandela inani iinjongo. Le mandundu norhwebelwano ekupheliseni nasiphi na isithintelo, ukudala i kukhuphiswano lemo engqongileyo enempilo, etsala utyalo-mali, ngokubonelela inqanaba eliphezulu lokukhuselwa bepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda. Le manyano aliyeki ukukhula kunye namhlanje, sanda ibizwa yempembelelo.