Neshishini le- petroleum eRussia

Ioli - le zorhwebo wamandla. Noko ke, imithombo yeoli azikho ongapheliyo. Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa "zegolide abamnyama" kweli cala icetyelwe okunciphisa, sakhetha eminye imithombo yamandla (elanga, nuclear). Kodwa ukwehlisa intsebenziso yayo ngamanye amashishini ayikho kodwa kunokwenzeka.

Ngowe-1992, ishishini oyile Russian isekelwe kwiingingqi ezimbini ioli ekhobokisayo. Western eSiberia wayekelela malunga ne-70% zempahla ekrwada, kongezwe-20% babunikeziwe ummandla iVolga-phambene, ize i-5% lavunyelwa Sakhalin, ummandla eKaliningrad kunye Northern Caucasus.

Ishishini oyile Russia yaphuhliswa ngexesha eSoviet, kwakunye lonke uqoqosho, olungalinganiyo. Le ntlekele yokuqala wafika ngowe-1977, xa umthamo oli ekrwada e-Western eSiberia iye yehla kakhulu. Oku kungenxa ukuziphatha prospecting nabangaziphathi ingqalelo ukuhlola imisebenzi. Ngokomzekelo, kwiminyaka engama-70 ngexesha Soviet nzima ukwandisa umthamo zokomba imveliso, kodwa zokomba ukuhlola emkhenkceni. Ukuhla yamafutha yathatha phantse esithoba iminyaka. Samotlor (ezinkulu) kwimveliso entsimini Sehle million tons 20, gqolo ukuhla nge tons million 10 ngonyaka. Ngowe-1985, i-16% amaqula bengasebenzi. Quality ungxamile yamba amaqula into amahlwempu. Le ntlekele lokuqala kushishino oyile eRashiya oluleyisayo "eSoviet-style" - ukugrumba yokwakha-up ...

Unobangela yeengxaki elandelayo yaba ukusilela ushishino oyile ukuphucula imveliso. Le ngxaki ingasonjululwa boqobo eSoviet "likaxakeka 'amanyathelo: yokufika omkhulu umsebenzi nekomkhulu. Ukususela ngo-1986, lehlile yemveliso ukuba ayeke, yaye ngowe-1988 iirekhodi kushishino oyile Russian irekhodi million 570 iitoni.

Kwaye kwakhona - yokudodobala koqoqosho. 1994 - production iwela nge-44% ngo-1995 - elula imithombo 22 000 140 000. Ukuwohloka isakhiwo oyile. Le ngxaki uyalinandipha enye, isishiya ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ombane (nangona libya kakhulu kwimveliso). Ngako oko, ixabiso waqalisa liphume phezu phantse zonke iimpahla, yaye oku kuye kwanciphisa isidingo kushishino lwasekhaya.

kushishino oyile Russian zifuna esakhiweni. Inyathelo lokuqala yaba software (imibutho mveliso), yaququzelelwa imiyalelo karhulumente Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, Nefteyugansk, Urai. Ngasinye zonke iintlobo zemisebenzi kwindawo yokugcina babemanyene: i khangela, kunye nokuhlola kunye nemveliso nokusulungekiswa, kunye nokuthuthwa, nkqu umsebenzi wokulungisa. Ubume software ziquka kunye namaziko (uphando). lwaphuka ice - ndlela unike iziphumo ezihle. Saqala ukudala iinkampani oyile nkqo ihlanganiswe osebenza kumgaqo "ukusuka lokuhlola zokutha ipetroli", isakhiwo ekuqhelekileyo ukuba ebandakanya, phakathi kwezinye izinto, iinkampani ukubhola kunye nemibutho yokuthengisa.

Lilungelo leSebe i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa, eyaba Rosneftegas kuqala, uze emva koko ke Ministry of Energy, yaba kuthutho oyile kunye neemveliso zayo, nto leyo kungekudala wasiwa Transnefteprodukt kunye Transneft. Ishishini oyile eRashiya ivule umoya omtsha. Okwangoku iquka abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi.

Namhlanje Russian ushishino oyile negesi owona mthombo womvuzo mali karhulumente. imali esisiseko unika kwamanye amazwe amandla kwi republic eSoviet (ico), yaye kwixesha elizayo (Austria, eJamani, France, Italy, Ireland, eNetherlands, Slovakia, Poland, Switzerland, UK). Rhweba ngaphandle kunokwenzeka ukuba ukucinezela kuphela bandwidth kweenkqubo zezithuthi.

Ethe waba 'ukuphefumla "kwaye kwimarike lwangaphakathi kunye namaxabiso zasekhaya iphantsi kakhulu. Hi xikombiso, le ipetroli Russian kutshiphu kakhulu nucleoside amazwe. Ngenxa kwinkqubo yonikezelo ioli iimfuno karhulumente, inkampani ethengisa isixa esithile yeoli ngokusebenzisa amaxabiso kakuhle ezisisigxina.