Pasternak Z Osipovich: imizobo, biography

Asinguye wonke umntu uyazi ukuba nguyise edumileyo imbongi Russian kunye nombhali Boris Pasternak na umntu italente ngokufanayo, oko kukuthi igcisa Pasternak Z Osipovich. Malunga umsebenzi wakhe eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

ebuntwaneni

artist Young Pasternak Z Osipovich (1862-1945 - iminyaka yobomi), igama lakhe lokwenyani iyalila Avrum Itshok Leib, wakhulela kwintsapho ihlwempu e Odessa. ngomzobi elizayo aneziphiwo ndingoyena mncinane kubantwana abathandathu. Kungekudala le nkwenkwe waqalisa ukubonisa ubuchule. Noko ke, nangona italente ezicacileyo komntwana wabo, abazali ndigangile Leni yinkanuko ngaphandle ngomdla. Sekunjalo, igcisa mfana akazange amlahle iiklasi esikolweni art. Ukufundisa umfana arts waqhubeka emva kokuphela yokujima. Nangona Z wakhetha ishishini lwezonyango nje elithile, kuba ngaxeshanye kunye nezifundo eyunivesithi zidibene ukutyelela inkosi studio E. Sorokina. Ngaphezu koko, izifundo kwi okukhethekile wanika umzobi elizayo ithuba ukuhlolisisa iimpawu zomzimba womntu, Okukodwa yayo intshukumo kunye statics kakuhle.

izifundo Ezinye inkosi yamkelwa babuyele engalindelekanga ngakumbi. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini ananye Z ngesiquphe watshintsha umsebenzi wakhe kwaye liye laqhubeka nezifundo zakhe Faculty. Noko ke, kule quest kubalulekile ayikapheli, yaye emva kwexesha elifutshane nje, wemka kowabo waya ukuzama nakwizibetho zabo eJamani.

Ukuhlala kwelinye

Hlala Munich, Pasternak Z Osipovich wachitha izinyanga ezininzi ukufunda ukupeyinta kwi-Royal Academy of Arts Fine. Kuba kukho ubomi inkosi yazisa nonina edumileyo artist Russian Serov, ngelo xesha umbutho isangqa. Le ntlanganiso sele yimbalasane usapho Pasternak, yaye intsapho Serov. Z Osipovich iyazazi eli bhinqa ekuqaleni ubuhlobo ixesha elide phakathi kwizizukulwana ezininzi.

le ncwadi lokuqala

Ngethuba leseshoni, igcisa ixesha elithile wabuyela Odessa, apho kuqala wapapasha umsebenzi wakhe kwiimagazini esimilweni ehlekisayo. Ezi imizobo, iikhathuni, imizobo, iziketshi. Ubeke phi kamva wavuma ukuba umzobi ngokwakhe Maksim Gorky, ngexesha Pasternak kuthinjwa okokuqala, ngokutsho umbhali, "ukuhamba" kuncwadi Russian.

Inxaxheba kolu qeqesho ayizange iphele apho inkosi. Emva kokuphumelela University of Pasternak Z Osipovich, Biography leyo ndizuze esinye impumelelo ebalulekileyo, wakhonza njengevolontiya. Nkqu ngexesha umsebenzi wakhe wamajoni, akazange bayeke ukwenza imizobo kunye nemizobo ezincinane. Ekubeni wabumba isimbo yombhali.

impilo Personal

Xa idolophu Pasternak Z Osipovich wadibana Roza Kaufman, i wepiyano kakhulu abanetalente. Sele 1889 abangabathandi babetshatile waza waya kuhlala eMoscow. Kukho uRose ikonsathi omnye emva komnye, yaye Z uziqhube isangqa polenovskim.

emva konyaka omnye, abasanda nyana yokuqala wazalwa. Yaba nguye owathi kamva waba imbongi odumileyo Russian. Yaba Boris Pasternak. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva sibini wazala unyana, Alexander, owaba ngokomakhi ngempumelelo.

Ukongeza amakhwenkwe mkhaya Pasternak kunye besini enobulungisa. Ngowe-1990, intombi umzobi mfana, Josephine, kwiminyaka emibini kamva, umfazi othandekayo Rosa wamnika umfazi wakhe kwaLidiya. abantwana Bakhe Pasternak zanikelwa Gallery eyahlukileyo. Kwezi canvases wayithimba lonke ulwalamano kunye ukufudumala indlwane losapho, aluka esi sibini.

ukuqaphela

Le esiyimbali wegcisa umfana 1889 unkabi luck kwakhona, kunye nomfanekiso wokuqala ezaziwayo inkosi, "Ileta eya looMawokhulu" uthenga umqokeleli ohloniphekileyo Pavel Tretyakov. Lo nyaka ube yimpumelelo kubo Pasternak. Emva kokuba lo mboniso le mizobo ye Igama lomculi ngci ngonaphakade belingana kungekho odumileyo ngaphantsi bexesha lakhe.

Emva kokuba koyisa ohlokomayo eMoscow libutho iingcali yokudweba Pasternak Z Osipovich zaye zasasazeka phakathi amagcisa yexesha. Waqalisa sebenzisana ubuncinane kwaziwa zobuciko kunye namagcisa. Ngaphezu koko, igcisa waqalisa ukukhupha izifundo ngabapeyinti abo basandula kuqalisa. Ngoko ke, nkqu iikulya Repin wathumela ukuba zokufunda kubafundi abaselula Pasternak. Kamva, inkosi waqala ukunika izifundo zabucala eMoscow. Ukubona impumelelo, wagqiba, kunye nomhlobo wakhe, igcisa Stemberg evulekileyo studio uqeqesho zobuqu ukuzoba. Xa usebenza nabafundi Pasternak uye buqu ukuba igcisa phambili kunye notitshala. Ngenxa yoko, le mfundiso, akayi kuphela wafundisa abafundi iziseko zobugcisa ecikizekileyo umzobo wezifundo, kodwa ibonisa ulutsha entsha, nabani na iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo ngaphambili. Konke oku inkosi ngaphambili bafunda ngethuba uqeqesho eJamani. Ngoko ke, lo zobugcisa Russian ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya umlungu.

Umsebenzi kulindixesha

Ukususela ngo-1890, Z Osipovich phantsi ukusekelwa umbhali Russian, umbhali nentatheli Fedora Sologuba uba umhleli lobugcisa eli phephancwadi omtsha "Artist". emva konyaka omnye, Pasternak wathabatha ukulawula kokupapashwa imisebenzi Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova ngemizekeliso. Le ngqokelela wegcisa alihonjiswanga kuphela imizekeliso yakhe, kodwa wamnika ithuba lokuba basebenze kwenye artists anetalente kodwa ngaphantsi wayesaziwa kakuhle. Phakathi kwawo ke zange idume kakhulu ngelo xesha, kodwa akukho ngaphantsi italente kule Vrubel uMikhail.

Ukongezelela ekusebenzeni kwicandelo kucholacholo lweendaba, inkosi waphumelela ukupeyinta. Ngowe-1892 ubhala Pasternak Z Osipovich, "kwenimba kwindalo." Imovie waba njengebhakana ebhankini wegcisa.

ukudala portraits

Nangona isibakala sokuba Z Osipovich Pasternak yaziwa njenge opeyintayo, inxalenye enkulu ilifa layo zobugcisa ukwenza eni.

Nakuba kule hlobo arts mculi bazise iimbono zakhe ezintsha. Eyona nto iphawulekayo portraits Pasternak kukuba inkosi kwimizobo kuphela umhlola, kodwa wabhenela ihlabathi ngaphakathi kubonisiwe. Xa ngemizobo yakhe, igcisa wafuna ukudlulisela umlinganiswa ezotywe mood, iimvakalelo zakhe, usizi, zokulwa nale ngxaki. Pasternak wabhala ngendlela impressionistic. unamandla ngaphezu kakhulu kubonakala nangona eli isimbo kunganxulunyaniswa umsebenzi yonke womzobi, emva konke, oku eni kule propati.

impumelelo International

Pasternak waqhubeka ukuphuhlisa njengomsebénzi ngutitshala kwaye sele uthathe indawo kwi School of Arts ngo-1894. Kwangaxeshanye, Pasternak baba ootitshala kunye nezinye iinkosi amanqugwala, phakathi kwabo Serov, UNikolai Kasatkin kunye K. Korovin. Ngemisebenzi yabo entsimini zokufundisa, isikolo ibe ngomnye kakhulu eliphezulu kuphela eRashiya, kodwa baba nodumo amazwe. ootitshala abafana, abaninzi babo abaye abafundileyo aphesheya, ukungenisa imigangatho ezintsha ekufundiseni ubugcisa. Ukongeza, eli qela lootitshala uye wakhuthaza izifundo yemfundo jikelele. Ngoko ke, Vasiliy Klyuchevsky waba ngumfundisi imbali Russian. Kamva, Z Osipovich bayithimba kwelinye portraits zakhe. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba isikolo akulambathi uzibhaqa elalidume kakhulu: umsebenzi ezingcwele ootitshala abaninzi kubafundi kamva baba iinkosi ezinkulu. Phakathi kwazo kukho ezifana amagcisa indumasi Gerasimov, Konchalovsky, Krymov, Shcherbakov kunye nabanye.

Kodwa, le nto ayiphelelanga slava Pasternaka. Ngowe-1894, "Ngobusuku obandulela iimviwo, 'umfanekiso wegcisa yaphumelela ibhaso lokuqala mboniso ngezizwe eMunich. Yena Kwathengwa 1890 ngenxa umhombiso i Luxembourg Museum ngqo umboniso Paris.

Emva kokuba impumelelo enkulu enjalo imfuno sivakalayo lokusungula Pasternak. Sele 1901, kwiMyuziyam Luxembourg wamthuma eziliqela kakuhle eyaziwayo ngelo xesha ngabapeyinti, kuquka Z Osipovich, ibonise izicaphulo ebomini Russian. Pasternak wabhala enye indalo yakhe edumileyo, umfanekiso ogqibeleleyo 'Tolstoy kunye nentsapho yakhe. " Yazukisa nkqu Duke George Alexandrovich, ukubukela umboniso "World of Art".

Kamva Pasternak ngokwakhe Waba ngunozala zobugcisa Russian kwisixeko Dusseldorf. Ngeli xesha yakhe inkosi aphesheya nangokuvakalayo wasebenzisa ixesha elabelwe waya kunxweme lweMeditera. Ngoxa Italy, igcisa enze okuninzi imizobo-mhlaba.

Ubomi ngaphandle kwilizwe

Ngexesha iziganeko ka-1905, Z Osipovich unyaka wonke waba eBerlin. Bayamthanda umsebenzi esikolweni kwafuneka ukuba inqunyanyiswe kuba ivaliwe esikolweni. Ngeli xesha, Pasternak wathabatha inxaxheba kwimiboniso ezininzi zaseYurophu, kuquka eBerlin. Ngaxeshanye, inkosi zipeyintwe kubathengi abaninzi bezinye iintlanga.

Ukususela ngo-1912, ngexesha unyango Roses Pasternak e Kissingen kunye e Pisa, inkosi yaqala "Siyavuyisana." Yakhe enkulu ngelaphu Ngokutsho lo mbono, abantwana beza ukukholisa izipho abazali babo ukuba isikhumbuzo emsithweni yesilivere, njengoko kunye igcisa zime. Z Osipovich Pasternak wagqiba ukupeyinta ngo-1914. Uye waba impumelelo enkulu.

Ngeli xesha, inkosi wayehlala eMoscow. Kulapha ababhala Pasternak Z Osipovich, "Umfanekiso unyana" - enye abadumileyo indalo yakhe.

Ukususela ngowe-1921 Pasternak babehlala eBerlin. Nangona ngokonakala impilo kunye embonweni kakuhle, wavakalelwa kwakhula imikhosi zobuchule wabhala ngeli xesha uthotho eni ubuntu eziziingangamsha, phakathi kwabo Albert Einstein, R. M. Rilke kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ngowe-1924, yena kunye nabahlobo baya uhambo oluya eYiputa nasePalestina. Ebudeni hambo, Pasternak wabhala uthotho iziketshi ezikrelekrele.

Ngexesha ekuthatheni amandla ngamaNazi, inkoliso yemisebenzi le womzobi satshiswa esidlangalaleni, kunye nemiboniso umlomo. Kulo mba, kwi banesifo kade, Pasternak wafudukela eLondon, apho wabhala uthotho lwemizobo, kamva kudluliselwa kwiMyuziyam yaseBritani. Kungekudala emva kokuqhambuka Second World War, inkosi wasweleka ngo-Oxford.

Okwangoku, izityebi ilifa wegcisa izinto ezininzi yeemyuziyam abadumileyo ehlabathini, kuquka Tretyakov Gallery eMoscow. Kunzima ukuba ukuvavanya igalelo ezenziwe Russian nehlabathi art Z Osipovich Pasternak. master Imizobo nangoku uphethe indawo kwiwonga kwimiboniso ngamazwe.