Nethe energy

Ukutya - i njengesakhi esibalulekileyo senkqubo yonikezelo imisebenzi ebalulekileyo lomzimba. Oku kuquka iinkqubo eziliqela. nethe Energy ibandakanya cleavage of kwezinto eziphilayo namandla anemichiza ukukhululwa kunye nonxibelelwano. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ulwabiwo ngakumbi yenziwe inxenye ngohlobo ubushushu. Enye isabelo libekelwe kwiimolekyuli ATP.

Amanqanaba nethe amandla izilwanyana

Isigaba sokuqala - wokulungiselela. nethe Energy luqala umthondo yokutya emzimbeni womntu okanye isilwanyana ngohlobo izinto ezintsonkothileyo macromolecular. Phambi ukungena, ukutshabalala ezi zihlanganisi ubunzima molekyuli ephantsi ancedisana iiseli.

cleavage Hydrolytic kwezinto eziphilayo lwenziwa inxaxheba amanzi. Le nkqubo ithatha indawo wokugaya (multicellular), kwinqanaba yeselula (in lysosomes) kwi vacuoles ometyiso (kwiseli enye) phantsi kwempembelelo enqanda ezithile.

Iiproteni abantu kunye nezilwanyana idilikile esiswini kunye duodenum ukuba acid asidi. Le nkqubo ithatha indawo phantsi kwempembelelo peptidgidrolaz (chymotrypsin, trypsin, pepsin). Nokuba em- ngomlomo iqala inkqubo kokusasaza polysaccharides. Le enzyme obandakanyekayo ptyalin. Further cleavage of polysaccharides kwenzeka phantsi kwempembelelo amylase kwi duodenum. Apha kuza ukwaphuka kwamafutha. Le nkqubo buchaphazela lipase. Amandla akhutshwayo luthunyelwa ngohlobo ubushushu.

nethe Energy kubandakanya unikezelo inamacandelo zesondlo egazini labo, nokuthuthwa zonke iiseli kunye namaziko. Xa iiseli zingena ngqo kukho icytoplasm okanye yenyani. Ukuba izinto zophukile phantsi lysosomes kwinqanaba zeselula, ukuba nangoko kunikelwa kukho icytoplasm. Eli nyathelo kubandakanya ukulungiselela iikhompawundi kusengelo intracellular.

In nethe amandla isigaba sesibini imele igcwala anoxic. Iinkqubo oko kwenzeka ngaphandle inxaxheba ioksijini, kwinqanaba zeselula. Igcwala kwenzeka esiseleni kukho icytoplasm. Enye izinto ezingundoqo ukuqinisekisa exchange energy, iswekile. Okunye ulungelelwaniso (acid acid, glycerol, okunamafutha acid) zifakiwe kwi-nkqubo yenguqu ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo.

Ukuqhekeka glucose ingekho i-oksijini kuthiwa glycolysis. Le compound ivavanywa utshintshwano eziliqela ezilandelelanayo. Okokuqala, kukho ukuguquka wayo fructose. fosfoliruetsya glucose - owenziwe iimolekyuli ezimbini ATP, ajike abe fructose-diphosphate. Le nkundla ithe yabola ngenxa carbon hexahydric molecule ibe ezimbini carbon emithathu iimolekyuli glycerophosphate. Ngenxa ngayo eziliqela igcwala kwenzeka. Ngoko iimolekyuli balahlekelwe athom hydrogen ezimbini, ajike ekugqibeleni ibe molecule ye pyruvic acid. Isiphumo kwezi khemikhali kuhlelwe molekyuli ezine ATP. Ke ukuba ukusebenza kokuqala iimolekyuli ezimbini glucose ze ATP wasetyenziswa, xa 2ATF jikelele ekugqibeleni kwakhiwa. Akhululwa, ngaloo ndlela kube sokonakalisa amandla glucose nenxalenye Phendla kwaye ngokuyinxenye yakhululwa ngohlobo ubushushu.

Ngelo kwisigaba sesithathu, lo nokuphefumla (igcwala eziphilayo). Eli nyathelo kunokwenzeka kuphela phantsi kwempembelelo oksijini. Kule nkalo, ibizwa ngokuba oksijini. Le nkqubo ithatha indawo mitochondria.

Ngokubanzi iindleko (main) amandla Exchange (kwi-avareji) ukuba umntu omdala malunga nama-24 kcal / kg / ngosuku. Xa kubalwa umntu avareji sephepha ngemihla ka-1500 kcal kwabasetyhini kunye malunga 1700 kcal amadoda. Xa izigulane imfuno eyahlukeneyo yamandla iprofayile ngezifo ngosuku angavuka izihlandlo ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu.