Ngaba ubhubhane HIV eRashiya kunokwenzeka?

Yiba abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo kuba nabani na, akukhathaliseki nokuba ekuso liqela loluntu. Abantu abaninzi abanalwazi ngalo, zitshekishwe eRashiya njengoko na samkelwe, isini ekhuselweyo ukungahoywa abaninzi. Ubhubhane HIV eRashiya luye lwenzeka ngokwenene. ukwenza amalungiselelo ayimfuneko kweli lizwe kwamaxabiso ababasukela. Ukuba ngaba uqala ukwehla, kwaye abemi baya asilumkanga, inani lezigulane ngo-2020 kuya kunyuka izihlandlo 3.5.

Ubhubhane HIV eRashiya

Kule minyaka ingama-30 idluleyo, ubhubhane i-HIV iyakhula eRashiya. Russia ngoku uza ukuya kwisigaba sesithathu, njengoko Academician Vadim Pokrovsky wathi. Nangona bhubhane - ingcamango eqhelekileyo yaseRashiya iye alukapheli naphi. Xa sisahlula ixesha apho eqongeni, ngoko ke singene wesithathu ngeli xesha. Xa lokuqala bhubhane iziganeko ezinqabileyo ukuba uvela kwamanye amazwe aphesheya, isigaba sesibini kanzulu (ukuba sele ubhalisile wathelela-20% of ngamakhoboka eziyobisi, amafanasini-10%). nqanaba ngokubanzi - Ukuba-1% abasetyhini abakhulelweyo ezincomekayo HIV. Ubhubhane HIV eRashiya esiza kweli nqanaba.

amagosa abaninzi bathi ukuba ubhubhane okwangoku, kodwa ukuba ayikhange ibhengeziwe ngokusemthethweni, oko akuthethi akuthethi ukuba ayisekho ingxaki. Ubhubhane kunjalo kule minyaka ingama-30 idlulileyo. Angosuleleka kweli lizwe-1% yabantu abadala, kwaye siwa kuphela ezisemthethweni. Le amatyala usulelo kwentsholongwane kwizibhedlele, leyo exhalabisa kakhulu. Baqatshelwe kufuneka nje ukuphucula. iingingqi Ten Russian sele banamanqanaba ebaluleke ukunwenwa kwesi sifo.

Disemba 1 - USuku lwe-AIDS

Ngokutsho-manani ze-World Health Organization ngo-2015 ne-HIV sele abantu abazizigidi 36.9 kwaba. Kuba 2014 yeyesi-2 million sifo, kwaye ababulawa AIDS 1.2 yezigidi. Ngokutsho WHO,-50% kuphela izigulana ukwazi ukugula kwabo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba amanani enyanisweni mbi kakhulu, ubuncinane kabini. Ngamnye ngonyaka ukususela-1988 wonke umhlaba Disemba 1 amanqaku USuku lwe-AIDS kwiHlabathi Jikelele. Injongo - ukutsala ingqalelo abemi zonke iinkalo zobomi kule ngxaki yehlabathi. Ukususela ngo-2011, eyona njongo iphambili yale program - ukunciphisa izehlo usulelo lwe-HIV, ukuba bayeke zonke iintlobo zocalucalulo nxamnye izigulane, ukunciphisa ukusweleka ngenxa ye-AIDS. Umbuzo wokuba ingaba eRashiya ukusongela HIV, kutshanje kuvulwa. Kodwa ke, ngokutsho amatshantliziyo ukuba alwe AIDS, ilizwe lethu ayinayo ingqalelo ngokwaneleyo kule ngxaki.

History of AIDS

OluHanjiswa inguqulelo ukuba kudala 1900 yokuqala, abantu ukubamba yintsholongwane evela bangafani. abazingeli Ill ngokuyintloko Afrika kuxhelwa izidumbu izilwanyana ezigulayo okanye inyama yabo aphele ukutya.

Ngowe-1981, ezintlanu amadoda abaselula kubulawa inyumoniya ezinzwaneni kwi-US, lo nyaka oko limiswa iimeko ezimbalwa zinqabile kakhulu, uhlobo ngxwaba nomhlaza wesikhumba nee-. Ezi isifo kwenzeka abantu immunocompromised kakubi nje. Ekupheleni konyaka intsholongwane ibonakele ikwangawo 270, kuquka unyaka omnye kwafa abantu 121.

Ngowe-1982, esi sifo kuthiwa AIDS (ezifunyenwe immunodeficiency syndrome). Ngowe-1983, oosonzululwazi ezimbini ezizimeleyo evela eFransi eUnited States kwafunyaniswa Igciwane ukuba unobangela sifo.

Kwi-USSR, ityala abhalwe kuqala lwe-HIV ngo-1985 phakathi kwabafundi kwamanye amazwe. Akukho mntu ngoko wacinga ukuba xa into eRashiya ibhengeze lo bhubhane HIV, inkathazo asithatyathwa kakhulu. Sele 1987, le ntsholongwane efumaneka ngummi eSoviet, yaye ekupheleni konyaka - abantu abangama-25 nato.

Ngowe-1992, eUnited States, uGawulayo uye waba ngomnye unobangela ezinkulu ukufa kwabantu abatsha. Ngowe-1996, sele kusenziwa isicelo unyango lwe-HAART.

Ngowe-2001, akukho abosulelwe HIV-abantu abazizigidi ezili-10 emhlabeni kakade. Ukususela namhlanje, njengoko uqikelelo ezahlukeneyo, ingculaza iye yabulala abantu abangama-30 ukuya kuma-40 ezigidi.

Nokuba Russia ujongene ubhubhane HIV

Ekupheleni kuka-2015 malunga nesigidi esinye abathwali HIV zokusweleka 20 amawaka efanayo abhaliswa babhaliswa eRashiya. Ukususela ngo-1987, oko ezingaphezulu kwama-200 amawaka abantu, yaye nyaka ngamnye ipesenti kuthelekiswa kwithuba elidlulileyo liyenyuka. Ingaba na ngobhubhani? Abasemagunyeni abazange akabhengezi ngokusesikweni, kodwa kudala zikho kwilizwe lethu. unyango lwe-antiretroviral eveliswa%-25 kuphela abo basweleyo. UMphathiswa wezeMpilo uye waqinisekisa ukuba xa imeko ayitshintshi, ngo-2020 inani leemeko ziza kunyuka nge-250%.

HIV eRashiya. zokulawula olucwangcisiweyo

Ziziphi isixeko Russian HIV Ubhubhane kakhulu? Ukugubungela imizi leyo ukunxulumana ezisasaziweyo. Of kwiingingqi 85 isiqingatha gciwane bahlala 20. Yintoni na isizathu? Mhlawumbi, kangangokuba ngexesha lakhe kakhulu lula kwaye kukuninzi ukuba ugxile iziyobisi. Kwingingqi Orenburg yabanjwa ukuthutyeleziswa kweziyobisi, ukuthengisa impahla lula kwiindawo Irkutsk, Kemerovskry, Samara kunye Sverdlovsk. Kukho sele 1.5% wabantu abosulelekileyo. izinto ngcono kwiindawo Ulyanovsk, iLeningrad, saseChelyabinsk, Orenburg kunye Tyumen. Apha, mhlawumbi, akukho iziko lemfundo, zazingathandanga kuchaphazeleka yi-HIV.

Ukuthintela amanyathelo ukusasazeka eyenzelwe:

• In the State Duma laqalisa bill, ngokutsho apho, ngaphambi komtshato, eganelwe kufuneka uye kuvavanyo lwe-HIV.
• Lasungula inkqubo ukuxhasa abasetyhini abakhulelweyo bane-HIV, oku kuya kunceda kukuphepha kwezinye iimeko losuleleko lomntwana.
• Kucetywa ukumisela imveliso yalo amayeza kweli lizwe umjikelo opheleleyo (ukusuka imveliso ukuya neepakethe ezithile).
• Kucetywa ukuba ukwandisa inkxaso-mali unyango lwe-antiretroviral.

Ingcamango lwe-HIV. Ingcamango AIDS

Indlela States i-HIV?

• Virus (amaphelo ukuba siyitshabalalise iiseli zomzimba emzimbeni).
• Immunodeficiency (ukunciphisa ukuxhathisa komzimba, ingcinezelo omzimba).
• Ngabantu (carrier virus given Mhlawumbe abantu).

Le ntsholongwane uhlala emzimbeni, umntu uba bearer kwaye ziya kuba bagule. Ngaphambi kokufika ukoyiswa ngokupheleleyo yonke inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, kuthatha ukusuka kwiminyaka emi-2 ukuya ku-12. Kangangethuba, umntu ejonge ziphilile, kodwa ke zokusasaza le ntsholongwane, ngamanye amaxesha angalaziyo nto.

Indlela ukuwuqonda AIDS?

Ngexesha losuleleko eziphilayo iphuhlisa izigaba ezininzi esi sifo ngasekho yazo AIDS:

• Syndrome (a iseti iimpawu, iimpawu).
• Lufundiwe (hayi esizalwa, kwaye wafumana ebomini bam).
• intswelo omzimba (ukunqongophala impendulo evela umzimba ukuya kuqaliswe losulelo kunye iintsholongwane, nokungakwazi ukumelana kubo).

Ngenxa yoko, ubhubhane i-HIV eRashiya sele lubonise ukuba isifo ongowokungcangcazelelwa ebhungeni elikhulu, obufihlakeleyo, singapheli kids okanye abadala.

Uphuhliso yentsholongwane emzimbeni

Ukuqhubeka kwe HIV izigaba ezininzi:

• Isigaba 1. ukuqala olunamandla. Kwezinye iimeko, indlela yomzimba na onokufana umkhuhlane - ifiva, impumlo esihambisayo. Kodwa ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba ngowama-70% amatyala abaqala etsolo akukho ulandelwe. Umntu inaso intsholongwane kwaye nkqu ungazi nto ngaloo nto.
• Inyathelo 2. Nazimpawu. iminyaka eliqela (3 ukuya ku-5), umntu eziva ephile qete ngokupheleleyo, kunye nokuchonga kuphela uncedo iimvavanyo zegazi elebhu HIV.
• Step-3. Emva kweminyaka 3-5 emva yesibini isigaba kufika ixesha persestiruyuschey lymphadenopathy nolahlo ngokubanzi. Okukwazi buwela badla ezehlelwa zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. iindawo nkovu Ukwanda, kolusu kwenzeka, kuza kwamathumbu disorder. Unyango iphucula okwethutyana kuphela imeko.
• Step 4. AIDS. Amajoni omzimba itshatyalaliswa. iindawo ezichaphazelekayo nkovu, isixokelelwano sokuphefumla, inkqubo yokucola ukutya, amaziko umbono. Man ulahlekelwa weight ngendlela emangalisayo. Ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha imeko iphucuke, kodwa ke iyifumane kubi. Ekugqibeleni, ukufa kwenzeka.

ukufa ezininzi izigulane AIDS uya kusabela umbuzo malunga nokuba nobhubhane HIV eRashiya. Eli lixesha eliphezulu le-alam, ingxaki imba eqolo ngokwenene, ukusongela bonke abantu belizwe lethu.

Ngubani na isengozini?

Wonke umntu sele uyazi ukuba indlela engundoqo yokosulela HIV ngesondo ngokungakhuselekanga okanye igciwane ngegazi. Qaphela ukuba kukho ingozi yosulelo ukuba igazi ekhoyo kwiincindi zebhayoloji (umchamo, endleni, iinyembezi, ematheni). Ukuba ngaphambili kwakukholelwa ukuba ezibangela ukuba ubhubhane-HIV e-Russia - yinto nomkhwa nje ngemizimba, ngoku kucacile ukuba bonke basengozini. Kukho iimeko nkqu zosulelo yentsholongwane ezibhedlele.

Akwenzeki onakaliswe kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Ngokusebenzisa ukwanga, ukuwolana, ukuxhawulana.
• Nokuthimla, ukukhohlela.
• Xa usebenzisa yenethiwekhi yesiselo eqhelekileyo HIV, ukutya.
• Sokuhlambela, yokugquma, swimming pool.
• "Iinaliti" kwi engaphantsi, xa isihlwele (iintsomi ezikhoyo ukuba sivale ezingcolisekileyo inaliti kwisihlalo).

Apho niya uvavanyo lwemisebenzi

• Ukuba ukuxhumana ungakhuselekanga ngokwesondo lwalo naluphi na uhlobo kunye neqabane engaziwayo.
• Ukuba bahlaselwa ngokwesondo.
• Ukuba iqabane lakho owabelana nalo ngesondo iye zoqhagamshelwano kwicala.
• Ukuba iqabane lakho - inaso HIV.
• Ukuba uke wasebenzisa inaliti yesibini-ngesandla.
• Ukuba ngokudibana negazi ezine-HIV.
• Ukuba iqabane lakho ubethwa yonke imingcipheko ngasentla.
• Ukuba kukho isifo neegcushuwa.