Ngo-2012, iinzame ze-Russian Public Uluvo Research Centre (VTsIOM), uphando kwaqhutywa, apho baseRashiya bacelwa ukuba bachaze ukuba yintoni i-melo. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha nxaxheba kolu vavanyo (okanye, gxebe, 56%) wakufumanisa kunzima emva kokuvulwa kwikota. Akuthandeki ukuba le meko itshintshe kakhulu kwiminyaka embalwa, ngoko makhe sijonge ukuba imigaqo ababezibiza liberalism yaye yintoni ngokwenene lo mkhwa kwezentlalo nezopolitiko nentanda-bulumko.
Ngubani na lo zobunene?
Ngokubanzi kakhulu sinokuthi umntu ozinikele kule intshukumo, iyayamkela kwaye sigunyazisa ingcamango ngoncedo kurhulumente yaneleyo nobudlelwane kwezentlalo. Isiseko sale nkqubo isekelwe kuqoqosho yabucala yoosomashishini, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, ulungelelene kwimigaqo emarikeni. Ukuphendula umbuzo wokuba ngubani na silinene, iingcali abaninzi bathi ukuba nguye inkululeko kwezopolitiko, kunye noqoqosho iqwalasela njengeyona prayorithi ebomini karhulumente kunye noluntu. Kuba abaxhasi ngcinga inkululeko namalungelo wonke umntu ngabo qho kwezomthetho apho, ngokoluvo lwabo, umyalelo yoqoqosho neyentlalo kufuneka yakhiwe. Ngoku cinga ngubani ekhululekile Democrat. Lo mntu, ukukhusela inkululeko, ngowelinye iqela authoritarianism. idemokhrasi silinene, ngokoluvo zezazinzulu Western ezopolitiko - obufanele wafuna kumazwe amaninzi ahambele phambili. Noko ke, kule kota singakwazi ukuthetha nje kuphela ngokwemigaqo kwezopolitiko. Xa intsingiselo yawo yokuqala eli gama wabiza bonke abakuthandayo kunye libertines. Ngamanye amaxesha inani labo bawa kunye nabo ekuhlaleni wayedla nokuzifica ngokugqithiseleyo.
benkululeko mihla
Njengoko isimo ezimeleyo, ingqalelo intshukumo zabantu yavela ngenkulungwane ye-17 emva kwexesha. Isiseko kuphuhliso zaso imisebenzi ngababhali abadumileyo ezifana uMontesquieu, uYohane. Locke, uAdam Smith noYohane. Mill. Ngelo xesha kwakucingwa ukuba lweshishini free and non-uphazamiseko karhulumente ebomini yabucala kuya kukhokelela nempumelelo nokuphucula intlalo-ntle yoluntu. Noko ke, njengoko kanti, umzekelo wezinto liberalism zange ahlawule off. Free zibunjwe yi ukhuphiswano karhulumente ukuba kukhokelele ukuvela bodwa, nto leyo dlame amaxabiso. Kwezopolitiko, kwakukho amaqela anomdla nenguquko. Konke oku kwenza kube nzima ukuba ukulingana yomthetho kwaye linciphise ngokubonakalayo amathuba bonke abo banqwenela ukwenza ishishini. Kwiminyaka 80-90. iingcamango yokuziphatha kwinkulungwane ye-19 baqalisa ukuba kwingxaki kakhulu. Ngenxa ukhangelo ixesha elide theoretical kwinkulungwane yama-20 iye yaphuhliswa ayilogama litsha, eyaziwa ngokuba yiniyo-liberalism okanye liberalism ekuhlaleni. ukuchaza kwayo uNojaji ukhuseleko ngamnye ukususela imiphumela emibi kwaye kakubi inkqubo nemakethe. Xa liberalism classical, urhulumente uye into ethile "umlindi ubusuku". Benkululeko namhlanje wavuma ukuba ibiyimpazamo leyo, yaye izimvo zalo inkqubo ezifana:
- angenelele kuphela kwiinkalo lwezentlalo nezoqoqosho;
- ulawulo karhulumente phezu imisebenzi bodwa;
- inxaxheba inginginya kwezopolitiko;
- akuqinisekisi inani amalungelo zentlalo limited (madala-ubudala, ilungelo lokufumana imfundo, emsebenzini, njl);
- ukuvumelana oluqhutywa kunye nolawulo;
- ubulungisa kwezopolitiko (i ngokwentando yesininzi isigqibo kwezopolitiko).
benkululeko Russian
Kwiingxoxo polytypic of Russian mihla oku kubangela okuninzi lweempikiswano. Kuba abathile benkululeko - a conformist, ukudlala ndawonye West, kodwa abanye - unyango ukuba ungagcina lizwe ukusuka ngokwenene amandla karhulumente. ukungahambisalani ngolo akukho inxalenye encinane ngenxa yokuba eRashiya ngelo xesha kukho iintlobo ezininzi kule ideology. Eyona eqaphelekayo kuzo fundamentalism melo (ummeli - Alexei Venediktov, umhleli oyintloko isikhululo "Echo of eMoscow"), neo-liberalism (ummeli - Andrei Illarionov), liberalism kwezentlalo (iqela "Yabloko") kunye liberalism esemthethweni (Republican Party kunye iqela Parnas).