Urhulumente yileyo - ilifa zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini

Ngokwembali, ukuba kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini Ibiyinkulungwane kuphela bemisa yenzululwazi kunye mveliso okukhawulezayo, kodwa ukuvela kunye nokusekwa kolawulo zezopolitiko. Ngoko ke, kule nkulungwane intsha oko wazalwa kwaye nangoku kuxoxwa nesenzeko - urhulumente yileyo.

Imbali ukuvela kunye nophuhliso

Okokuqala imibutho loozwilakhe kwaye, ngenxa yoko, urhulumente waqalisa ukuthetha eko kwinkulungwane XX. Kwaye kulo mzekelo, umseki le nto ithathwa ngokuba Benito uMussolini (ngokwe kweminye imithombo J .. eeNtlanga), kodwa imvelaphi loozwilakhe andixoki nzulu kakhulu. Ingcamango kuluntu enjalo, iimpawu ezahlukileyo ingalandwa nkqu imisebenzi Plato kunye zobulumko kamva - Campanella, Marx, nkqu JJ Rousseau. Kodwa ukuba ibe yinyani, bakwazi ukuya kwi yokuqala zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kuphela.

EYurophu, kwaphela imfazwe. Imiqathango zivumelwano uxolo ibisenziwa zisetyenziswe tenxileyo ngokugqithisileyo kangangokuba kumazwe yekabani, ukuba kubonakala ukuba akukho kuphuma sentlekele nzulu, okuphinde ngakumbi le-Great Depression. Kwisiqalo zabantu bonke ingcamango kaninzi iba ukuba kuphela ngaphantsi iyonke karhulumente kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi zikarhulumente ziya kufumana indlela ngenxa yeemeko ezikhoyo. Ngengozi kukuba nembono igqalwa urhulumente iqulathe kuphela kumazwe ukuba kunyanzelekile ukuba ahlawule umonakalo. Ngenxa yoko, le Modes eyenziwe eJamani, eItali, eSoviet Union. Imvelaphi totalitarianism kula mazwe iyahluka: ethile ideology zwilakhe, apho wayeliKomanisi - kodwa umphumo yenye "karhulumente - yiloo nto konke." Kunye neengqikelelo ezingundoqo kunye nemigaqo of action ziyafana. Njengoko iya kuboniswe ngezantsi.

Ingcamango neempawu umbuso yileyo

Ethetha totalitarianism njengoko into kwezentlalo nezopolitiko lizwe, ingxelo usoloko ukuba umntu ekuloo meko kubonakala nani minor. Etshatshalazeni iimfuno izixhobo karhulumente kunye namagosa ayo, leyo kuyaqondakala siseko, ngenxa Ikhoyo nokubakho egameni ngokwayo - ". Bonke ukuba urhulumente" Kodwa ukuqonda oko kubonakaliswa, oko kufanele kuqwalaselwe iimpawu eziphambili isenzeko phantsi kophando.

Iimpawu lukarhulumente yileyo bafanekiselwa mpawu zilandelayo okufana yena yedwa;

1. indlela eya kokuhluma kunye nokusekwa zisoloko ezinxulumene lugonyamelo. Oku kuboniswe ngokucacileyo kwimbali yiSoviet Union, ngakumbi covertly wafumana i-National Socialist;
2. ubukho of ezininzi zezopolitiko yaliwe ngokupheleleyo. Kule meko sithetha umlomo kwinqanaba elisemthethweni, onke amanye amaqela ngaphandle sigqibo;
3. sobala ukusuka phawu yangaphambili elandelayo. Urhulumente yileyo omkhanyelayo umgqaliselo wokwahlukaniswa kwamagunya kunye namathuba inxaxheba abantu elawula ilizwe;
4. ukusetyenziswa ngesothuso njengesixhobo ukunganeliseki uluntu ingcinezelo kunye nokupheliswa kwamagosa kulawulo engafunekiyo;
5. ukusekwa umthetho okhethekileyo, nto leyo ejoliswe ukugcina amandla kunye nokunika nesimo esikhoyo ngoku amandla esemthethweni;
6. It has a single, ezifunekayo zonke iingcamango, zihlawuliswe ukuphambuka kuso mthetho ingakumbi kakhulu;
7. ukwakhiwa izixhobo zomkhosi enamandla ejoliswe zombini utshaba lwangaphandle (kwiimeko ezininzi, kodwa nangoku ukuqhuba iimfazwe ngokoyisa), yaye ingcinezelo UDUSHE nezidubedube yoluntu;
8. indima ephezulu inkokeli zeqela elilawulayo kunye nabaxhasi bakhe kwinkcazelo imo iindlela zophuhliso.
9. ngemvelo "zokuhombisa" kwenkqubo yenkundla, zinyanzelekile ukuba izisombululo ezisemthethweni yomthetho kodwa hayi.

Urhulumente yileyo ezinjalo kuphika ithuba lophuhliso loluntu njengomntu, ogama amalungelo kunye nenkululeko zolingo. Olu hlobo kulawulo wezopolitiko kuya kusoloko kufuneka ukubheka indlela yokusebenza ngamnye.

Kuhleli kuphela ukuqaphela ukuba urhulumente yileyo, njengoko imbali iye yabonisa - akukho lukhetho ukusebenza iphila yoluntu. Kwaye ezinxulumene yesimangalo, kuqala kwiinto zonke, ukuba ukwalela indima yomntu njengommi kunye iyunithi yokusebenza kakhulu oluntu kungakhokelela ukubhukuqwa wolawulo ingqalelo.