Niko Pirosmani - igcisa-primitivist. Biography, imizobo, olunomdla zobomi

Niko Pirosmani - an artist ubomi bakhe phantse akaze kumaxwebhu, ukuba utata engekho yonke indoda. Kodwa yena. Lwadalwa kananjalo umfanekiso wabo ithafa lihlaba kulula yokuphila kwakhe.

Esakhula

Nangona kungenakwenzeka ukuseka ngumzobi Georgian Pirosmani wazalwa ngawuphi unyaka. Abahlalutyi lubonisa ukuba oku kwenzeka ngo-1862. UNico Piromanoshvili wayehlala umlimi usapho ihlwempu kule lali Mirzaani. Nguye lo mntwana mncinane kunye wanceda uyise efama. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi emhlabeni abazange uyibambe. Yonke umzuzu free wayitshabalalisa titoloveta. Re-wadala ephepheni endala elimdaka ukusebenzisa ipensile stub yonke into bamngqonga: iidiliya, umphanda echachambileyo ibekwe inja ...

Xa wayeneminyaka esibhozo ubudala, lo mfana ulahlekelwa uyise, yaye kungekudala unina nomntakwabo omdala. Ukususela ngoko uye wayephila yedwa. Uhambahamba phakathi emizini ejikelezileyo, underworking amancinci kuphazanyiswa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwimeko enzima sokungabi nezemfundo, ngakumbi art kunye nentetho ayikwazanga. Nangona kunjalo, kodwa Nico wafunda ukufunda ngeelwimi Russian kunye Georgian.

Indlela kubuGcisa

Ukususela ebutsheni bakhe, igcisa elizayo Niko Pirosmani izifundo ukupeyinta evela iingcibi ojikelezayo. Bathi ke achola ukukwazi ukupeyinta komba iivenkile zokutyela. Kwi yee- Nico wazama ukuvula istudiyo ubugcisa yokudweba kunye nomhlobo wakhe, kukwakho igcisa. Noko ke, le mbono ayiphumelelanga kakubi: kwakukho phantse akukho zi-odolo kwaye kwafuneka awavale evenkileni.

Lokwandisa ingqukuva encinane, ukusebenza njengoko umqhubi kwi zikaloliwe, Pirosmani lityale kurhwebo yobisi. Noko ke, uNico wayengumntu yoyilo, urhwebo yayintsha kuye. Kodwa yena wafumana ingeniso encinane kwivenkile yobisi, ngaloo yaphela imizamo yakhe zoshishino.

Ukuqala lwekhulu XX yaba elizibalula ngemisebenzi Pirosmani. Umculi sele bezinikela ukuba zobugcisa. Ubuyela ukuveliswa nokuphawulwa, kwakunye nomdla nokudalwa panels zokuhombisa. Ngeli xesha abantu abaninzi Niko lutsala oilcloth ngoncedo ipeyinti self-eyenziwe. Ingakumbi kakuhle waphumelela emnyama. Pirosmani idityaniswe umle ash eziko, nokubandakanywa oki amaxolo, inomfana amathontsi oyile. amalaphu Oil baba mhlophe okanye lube mnyama. Yaye apho kuyimfuneko ibe ukubonisa ezi imibala, nje washiya kwiindawo zihlala. Ngoko ke lomculi yasungula ubuchule zabo ezizodwa. Kubangel 'umdla, ejonge eni, enika umboniso depth engaqhelekanga kunye sisi-.

Impumelelo kuqala

Kule minyaka ilishumi yesibini kwinkulungwane XX kwi uNico sinikele ingqalelo ngezangqa zobungcali. Umzobi-Futurist uCyril Zdanevich unenxaxheba inani elikhulu Pirosmani Imizobo, abanye babo yabhalelwa ukuze. umzalwana uCyril kaThixo, kulya, wapapasha inqaku malunga uNico "Artist-bempilo" kwiphephandaba lasekuhlaleni. Kwaye ngoMatshi 1913 ukupeyinta self-wafundisa ziye kuboniswa umboniso eMoscow. Kakade ke, yayingeyiyo umboniso uwedwa, kodwa ke ndinqwenela impumelelo enkulu ukuba umlimi ihlwempu kwilali Georgian.

Ngowe-1916 waba ekugqibeleni akwazi ukubamba umboniso, nokunikezela imisebenzi kuphela Pirosmani. Bempilo wafumana abathile notoriety. Wamenywa ukuba uMbutho amagcisa Georgian, imisebenzi yakhe yaqala ukuba athenge ingqokelela zabucala. Noko ke, nangona oku, ngumzobi Pirosmani, ogama waba ngenkani kunye ubuchule asilolokwenyani, wafa usizi kunye nentlupheko.

Okulandelayo zobuciko

Primitivism - style ukupeyinta, uphawu ngumzobi Pirosmani - i ndlela zobugcisa zemizobo zabantwana. Nalwazi kuzalisekiso yayo icandelo ngokunyaniseka ngokweemvakalelo, le mifanekiso musani ukuphatha nto angqwabalala, nesilima, ozenzisayo. Kuphela bezibona obulula ubomi, nokuba oko kusenokuba. UNico wasondela ngokukhawuleza. Ndizakwenza umfanekiso kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa. Akazange nje nantoni ukulungisa okanye ukuyiguqula kancinane imveliso - kwenzeke njani, ngoko ke.

Nezisusa ephambili ngemisebenzi Niko Pirosmani okwesilwanyana. lomculi yezilwanyana uvezwa ebukeka emehlweni abantu, ukubamba, leyo, kubonakala, kubakho iinyembezi ziqinisiwe. Abahlobo uNico wayesithi ukuba ebonisa izilwanyana, Pirosmani okunene ngakumbi amtsale ngokwayo, kunokuba indlulamthi negusha. Ngenxa yokuba baye sabulawa ubuchwepheshe yokuqala, izilwanyana wakhangela abasengozini yaye ndililolo.

Kwakhona enye imixholo ozithandayo waye umfanekiso ezidlweni kunye namaxesha. neetafile Rich kokugcuma kunye nokutya, nokuphuma iwayini njengamanzi, abantu kukuzonwabisa ulibale malunga kobunzima bokuphila. Konke oku umahluko omkhulu neengxaki zobomi womzobi - amahlwempu, wolambileyo, ezingenabantu. Pirosmani zaveza ekumeni, kodwa kungekhona uhlobo, kodwa ngokutsha nje umfanekiso evela ifoto.

Yaqhubeka yomculi hayi kangako umsebenzi wezandla-wafundisa. Ngokusisiseko, siya aqonde nobuchule Pirosmani yena zeempawu ukuba iivenkile kunye zentselo.

Le mizobo edume

Niko Pirosmani - an artist ogama imizobo bagwayimbile xa gaze zabo. "Actress UMargarita" - umsebenzi elalifudula kuboniswa kwakhona Louvre. Kuthiwa mboniso kweza isiFrentshi, kubonisiwe phezu ngelaphu, wamthi lo mfanekiso, amehlo akhe. Umzobi wagxininisa imilenze ongumdlali ebukekayo, esinqeni obhityileyo intombazana. Ekubeni uthando kangakanani ezotywe uMargaret, apho waya phezu inyathelo lithemba.

Umsebenzi "usozimali Nabantwana kunye abantwana abahlelelekileyo" ezifana kubonisa ntoni butyebi bububo. ezibolayo eyomileyo zemithi ngasemva kuqaqambisa obungenanjongo ubomi, ongayi kuba nako kuhlwayeleka ezithile kwinzala.

Kulo mfanekiso "Mdiliya Kuvunwa", uyakwazi ukubona uphuhliso imifanekiso Pirosmani. Wasebenzisa ngamathemba umfanekiso reception - izidiliya yade yaba umgama, igxininise otyebileyo, izityebi ezweni Georgian. Umzobi kwakhona zipeyintwe breaks ukukhanya ngokusebenzisa amagqabi - ezama ukudlala ngokukhanya nasethunzini.

Oko Wayengumntu onjani?

Painter Pirosmani, ogama lakhe ngoku yaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi, kwaba imfihlakalo bexesha lakhe yaye wahlala akanakwaziwa engekasonjululwa kuthi. Ekupheleni kuka-1910 abalandeli wegcisa waqalisa ukuhamba ngapha elalini iqokelele ulwazi ngaye ukuba enze, ukuba akukho ngobomi, kodwa ubuncinane umfanekiso eyiyona uNico. Kuvandlakanyo abalimi siyazi ukuba Pirosmani waba ubhalo neziqhushumbisi kunye nomlinganiswa ezingazinzanga. Rectilinear, iimvakalelo, iyatyhudisa. Abamelwane wathi womzobi ngoLwezihlanu ezisixhenxe ngeveki ukuba asibubo obeli hlabathi. Ihlebo enjalo ububazi amabali uNico ukuba ubona abangcwele, kunye ngebrashi yakhe, "yena wabhala."

trail akawi

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba umzobi waba incoko kunye nodade wayo; kodwa ezi oonobumba kwasinda. Bayitshisa intombazana ngokwakhe, ekubonakala boyikiswa kukuba emizaneni ezikufuphi abantu angaqhelekanga ngakumbi baqala ukubuza malunga umzalwana wakhe.

Bathi ukuba uNico waba yokubhala ngayo akazange ahlukana kubini, nokwenza rhoqo umxholo wayo. Kodwa ngexesha ubomi umzobi, la manqaku zalahleka kwindawo ethile. Yaba kuphela nje ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe Pirosmani wadibana abantu abafundileyo baqonde ukubaluleka kobomi kunye Nico kwabhalwa iziganeko kwintlanganiso kunye naye, kunye nangeengcinga zobuqu.

iinyani ezinika umdla malunga Niko Pirosmani

• Ngowe-1969, i-Louvre yabamba umboniso lobuqu Niko Pirosmani.
• ibali uthando ungonwabanga ye igcisa ihlwempu ingoma "yezigidi roses nebomvu" sathathwa nobomi Niko Pirosmani. Umzobi wachitha yonke imali yabo ukuba zinikelwe wafika Tiflis ongumdlali French Marguerite de Sevres.
• Ukupeyinta "Arsenalski intaba ubusuku" wathengiswa $ 1.2 million kwi kwifandesi Christie kaThixo. Lo msebenzi thaca kwicandelo "Art Russian", nto leyo eyabangela ukunganeliseki yoluntu Georgian.
• Painter Pirosmani, ogama engobomi izele zihlandlo ebuhlungu, ngokukhuthazwa umsebenzi abazobi abaninzi. Malunga naye wadubula iifilimu ezintathu (omnye wabo ezimfutshane). UNico wanikezela imibongo Bulat Okudzhava, Andrei Voznesensky, Jaroslav Smelyakov.