Nikolskaya kwinqaba eMoscow yesicelo: imbali, inkcazo kunye umdla facts

Yesicelo Nikolskaya inqaba - enye iziqalelo isikali bokwakha lomculo kwisivuno Red Square. Kukho isango, apho de ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-15 baqala str. Nikolskaya. Iyonke zokwakha ukuphakama - 70,4 m, ukuba iquka uvutho- inkwenkwezi yakhe. A ulwazi oluninzi umdla yaye iluncedo ukufunda ngakumbi ukusuka nqaku.

idatha yomlando

Nikolskaya Tower yakhiwa ngo-1491, lo unyaka. Uyilelwe yi-Italian GP solari. Igama ulwakhiwo ezinxulumene Wonderworker Nicholas, ogama icon buyifanele olungaphambili ukuya ngasempuma.

Kukho abo izazi ubambe umbono, echaza ukuba igama edibene Nikola ubudala, ogama weemonki ukuba usondele kakhulu. Emasangweni 1612-m kwenqaba ezidlulileyo umkhosi wamajoni, inkokeli ogama nguDmitry Pozharsky kunye Kuzma Minin, ngoko wangena phantsi kwimbali.

Ngowe-1737, unyaka Nikolskaya Moscow yesicelo Tower ingene ngamalangatye watshisa ngokupheleleyo. Wawubuyisela phantsi kweliso I. Michurin. Kubonakele lokubhalela iimpawu yobuciko ezifana ubudala ubudala nendlela Arsenal. Ngowe-1780 isakhiwo kubekho nokuyifeza ukusebenza K. Blanc, owadala phezulu kwemilo ngeenxa kunye intente eliphantsi. Kwixesha 1805-1806 kaThixo. apha okuyiphatha phandle ngokutsha enkulu phantsi kweliso ka A. Ruska kunye A. Bakaev. Xa isayithi ye-superstructure ngaphezu quadrangular wabonakala octagon Gothic, intente ophezulu ezenziwe ilitye elimhlophe kunye ezihonjiswe kunye neefom tracery ezintle. Kuyinto ngenxa kwi Gothic indlela ende St Nicholas yahlukile kakhulu kwezinye izakhiwo kwi yesicelo.

anika umdla

Ngowe-1812 okuyiphatha phandle kuqhuma, nto leyo ekhokelele kwisakhiwo zonakala kanobom. Izinto baba isiFrentshi, washiya isixeko. Intente yawa, onakalise esangweni indlela. Hayi kwesitya womdlalo kwaye i icon Mozhayskogo Nikoly, nto leyo ingqalelo ummangaliso.

Oku kudala wafumana uMlawuli Alexander I. Emva koko, ngommiselo wakhe kuthwalelwa phandle ukubuyiselwa Nikolskaya inde. Phantsi ebusweni saint wabonakala marble uqweqwe apho irhuluneli wenza iilebhile yakhe. Okubhaliweyo efunda ukuba usindiso umfanekiso kungenxa kubabalo lukaThixo.

iinkqubo zokunciphisa ngangosuku 1816 ukuya kwiminyaka 1819-th. Le projekthi ekhokelwa ngumzobi O Bove, owenze ezithile ezintsha kuyilo. Ententeni ilitye elimhlophe indawo ngokusekelwe isakhelo yentsimbi. Xa iimbombo quadrangular wabeka ezineengqayi, nto leyo eye yalomeleza umlinganiswa Gothic weso sakhiwo. Kwakhona zodchesky misebenzi yakhe lo msebenzi kwabonisa V. Bakarev. Xa uhlaziyo Nikolskaya Tower ifumene umbala njengekhephu-ezimhlophe. Xa endaweni kukho yingcwele Chudotvortsa Nikolaya noAlesandire Nevsky, leyo yaphinda yakhiwa amaxesha amaninzi. Ixesha lokugqibela nto ngo-1883.

utshintsho

Ngo-Oktobha 1917 isakhiwo ezonakele kakhulu ngenxa zokudubula neziqhushumbisi. Yakhiwa ngo-1918 Le nkqubo yakhokelela N. Markovnikov. Ezimhlophe indawo ngezitena, okufana le lomculo bokwakha lonke.

IBhodi eyenziwe nezemarmore, apho Alexander endandikhe wabhala amazwi, dismantled. Ngo-Oktobha 1935, phezu kwentente esizeni ukhozi kunye iintloko ezimbini zibekwe inkwenkwezi ukuba isardiyo semi-anqabileyo ukutshintsha ngowe-1937. Xa ray elinye 12 iqulethe ubuso.

ukulimala

Nikolskaya Tower (Moscow) sele yonakele, xa ngowe-1917 lo mzi waba ledabi. Yawa amaqokobhe watshabalalisa kwesango ngokuya ezantsi. Ngeli xesha, umfanekiso St Nicholas akukho luck, yaye mntu ulimeleyo zinemingxuma imbumbulu yaye ebudeni ephaphazelayo kuyo, kodwa ubuso waza wahlala engenawo nomkrwelo, yachukumisa kuphela iziqalelo ngeenxa zonke. Kakade ke, yinto nje efane onjalo ngenkani Muscovites kwakhona ukuqinisekisa umfanekiso wobungcwele.

Xa iconography baqala ukusebenzisa umfanekiso icon bavele. Isakhiwo kwabuyiselwa-1919, xa Ukuvuselela zaye lisuswe kumfanekiso. Restorers baye indlela ubudala ubudala nokuphelisa imikhondo okungafunekiyo. Ngowe-1920-1922. imizobo nemifanekiso zeengelosi basuswe.

ummangaliso ngokuphindaphindiweyo

Ngo-Apreli 1918, ithabathe belungiselela celebration imbeko ka May Day, leyo ibhiyozelwa okokuqala ngoko. Olungaphambili nge icon kusongelwe Bunting ebomvu. Gcina baziswe ke oko umoya onamandla, yaye ekhulula indlela amehlo, ilahle ngaphandle ngelaphu. Abantu ababekhona, bathi ukuba kwakungekho imiqathango kwesa uqhwithela ekukhanyeni, yaye eli laphu wazikrazula yena xa chipped ikrele. ULenin wayekho kunye CPC, kwakunye sisihlwele esikhulu abantu zazikhona pretty nqa kwesi siganeko.

Ngokuba lixesha beshiya eyayinaso wafumana Nikolskaya kwiNqaba Moscow yesicelo. Eli bali iyandiswa uluhlu obuphathekayo imimangaliso zasekuhlaleni wada wangena kumaphephandaba. Kakade ke, lo maphupho ezithandwayo kudlalwa xa ngokunyanisekileyo, yaye amanye amangqina bade bathi umfanekiso kukhanya.

ukukhala umphakathi

Apha kuza nabasemzini, leyo apheliswe amajoni Red Army. Thetha ngale siganeko ixesha elide akaphinda kodwa. Elinye ibhinqa even said ukuba ngomhla woku-1 wabona Chudotvortsa Nikolaya kunye nekrele elidangazelayo, ngesandla sakhe, waza wazigawula isigqubuthelo ebomvu. Le version efanayo kungqinwe ngomnye umntu.

amabali umdla Human, aba nathe kuphela isihloko olukhulu incoko apho. Ubunokwazi ukulawula le fane, ubukele athile ukudubula umpu emoyeni kunisasaza isihlwele, nto leyo ke unomdla kakhulu kwi kwenqaba St Nicholas. Gossip wabaleka, kodwa ngokukhawuleza babuyela kwiindawo zabo zangaphambili. Tikhon ubulapha - usolusapho, lowo elisebenzele kwesakhe ezinkonzweni kwi ezindongeni Kazan Cathedral. Phambi emasangweni umthandazo yaqhutywa imbeko of St Nicholas.

isakhiwo Izindlwana sachithwa ngo-1925 kuba kuyimfuneko ukuba akhulule nqaba evela zikhabane endala. Ngo-1929 kwakhiwa apho yamangcwaba eyenziwe ngamatye. zezinto ezingcwele equlethwe iindonga Izindlwana yadluliselwa kwindawo zetempile kaYohane St. i iQhawe, apho ibekwe phezu Yakimanka. A isihlalo wakha zikawonke zangasese ukusetyenziswa.

ezisanda

Nikolskaya Tower bokwakha lihle, kodwa kusekhona zizeyeyona nto umdla apha igama icon adumileyo Nikoly Mozhayskogo. Ngo-2010, unyaka wafumanisa umfanekiso yamandulo, nto leyo iminyaka emininzi sangcwatywa phantsi kweengqimba isamente. ukhuseleko yayo ayenziwanga nawaphi na amaxwebhu.

Ngomhla ebusweni saint alibona ngexesha uyasabela Kyoto. Ke ngenkuthalo zazisebenza ngokunika yesicelo inkangeleko yayo yimbali. NgoJuni, eliphezu kwesango efakiweyo banikwe yokubuyiselwa. Ezi ngcali baqhuba iimvavanyo apho oko kunokwenzeka ukuba bagwebe imeko icon.

Waza waqala ukucima indlela yakhe ubone ngokwenene umfanekiselo saint. Kwagqitywa ukuba umaleko ongaphezulu lisetyenziswa kwiinkulungwane 15-16. msebenzi, ukuba kuhle, kuba neentanda kunye amanye ukulibaziseka wafunyanwa. Xa inqaba adubule, ezinye ukutyabeka yawa, ngoko ke oyidingayo ugcinwe kuphela ngesiqingatha. Ngoku kukho izicwangciso kulwenziwo kocingo njengokwasesipilini elikhusela nomfanekiso yemozulu embi. Loo nto inokuqokelelana condensate iza kusetyenziswa inkqubo yokungena.

iziphumo zomsebenzi

Ukubuyiselwa lwathatha iinyanga ezi-3. kwaba Umsebenzi nzima ngenxa yemeko ethe wokufumana. Ukongeza unekhethe ezishiyekileyo eziyingozi kunye iimbumbulu, kananjalo ibe hopper, ayenzileyo a projectile. Zashiya imililo uphawu itshayo kumaXesha Aphakathi. Maleko ngaphezulu ngenkulungwane ye-19, wemka, I. Grabar ngo-1918. Ukutyabeka nempembelelo embi ndayo, Ipeyinti ngqi. Ngethamsanqa, ndahlala umzobo yaqina yamalungiselelo, apho wazama lokuphinda bonke abanye.

Isandla eshiyekileyo ngokutsha ukusuka amaxwebhu ukuba badalwa waziqaba mdali engaziwa kwenkulungwane ye-16. Kuphela intende ubuntoni kukho iinguqu ezimbalwa kwezobugcisa, ngenxa yokuba kwakungekho umthombo ukufunda ukwenza njani into elungileyo.

Kananjalo mfihlelo, umhla indalo womfanekiso, ngenxa yokuba ukwahluka kakhulu kwiinkulungwane 17-19th. Restorers ingxelo elalithembele ifomu waba ebusweni kwenkulungwane ye-17.