Zangasese Public: Inkcazo yezinto eziphilayo. zangasese Public eMoscow

Kangangethuba elide emizini kwakungekho sewer ngokupheleleyo-enobugcisa. Elimsulwa badla elahlwe esitalatweni, leyo, ngokwemvelo, kukhokelela nje kuphela uselenuka rhoqo ubumdaka, kodwa kuphuhliso kwezifo ezosulelayo, maxa wambi ophuhlisa lwaba ubhubhane ngokubanzi.

Ngoko ke, indima edlalwe yi zangasese yokuqala karhulumente, asikwazi nemikhuba. Bathi nje ukuba ukucima izitrato imizi emikhulu, kodwa wasindisa ngokoqobo ubomi babantu abaninzi.

A incinane

Zangasese yokuqala ukuvela eRashiya kuphela ngenkulungwane ye-19. Umzekelo, eSt Petersburg ngowe-1871, indawo ekuyiwa kuyo endle, obizwa ngokuba "retiradnik" yayakhelwe ecaleni Mikhailovsky Manege. Yaba indlu eyakhiwe phezu a cesspool, apho ukuba abeke zokubasa kwisitovu esincinci Russian.

Impumelelo eziphefumlelweyo, yaye kamva abasemagunyeni mzi ungakhiwa 42 ngakumbi indlu yangasese enye. Bonke bephela gravitated kwiindawo apho ndawonye elona nani likhulu labantu - iimarike, isithili usembindini mzi, izikwere kunye neepaki. Initiative ngcembe wayichola kunye nezinye izixeko Russian.

Iintlobo zangasese zikawonke-wonke (zendalo)

Kuxhomekeka kwindlela, olususa ubumdaka, ezi ndidi zilandelayo zangasese zikawonke - zendalo, izindlu zangasese imichiza, iikhemikhali kunye nogutyulo.

1. Kwiindawo apho kungekho nkqubo yogutyulo kwindawo enye, ukusebenza ebizwa ngokuba yi-zangasese zendalo ngempumelelo. Bamele lethu elincinane, ulwakhiwo cesspool. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho ngaphezu kuzivathisa emngxunyeni slotted kuyo (ochkom), nto leyo abathandayo azikhulula. Ukuze umnquba umoya ongenayo entsha emnyango idla wenze ofaka encinane. Ilindle walitshiza ezithile kunye nomhlaba okanye umgquba ukuphucula inkqubo ababazalayo nokunciphisa ezinye ivumba elibi. A Zalisa sump ndazikhuhla ngamathuba usebenzisa ilindle isigadla okanye ngesandla.
2. Xa biotoilets ukuyihlaziya kusetyenziswa umgquba, apho iziqulatho ebegqwese ukuguquka ibe ngumgquba, izichumiso ezifanele izityalo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, imithi zisebenzise inkunkuma usebenzisa amachiza kwaye kufuneka ke ngoko ukuba ukhetha ukusebenzisa, umzekelo, ekwakheni iisayithi okanye ngowemithendeleko.
3. zangasese sewer - kuba iindawo Lilungelo leSebe i inkqubo yogutyulo kwindawo enye, nto leyo evumela ukususa ilindle ukusuka lwangoku emanzini.

Iimfuneko ukubekwa zangasese zikawonke

izixeko ifuna inani zangasese zikawonke. Ukwakhiwa kwezi zakhiwo kufuneka indlela esinzulu, ekufuneka athathe ingqalelo kungekuphela ukubekwa, kodwa amandla ngokwaneleyo (kukholelwa ukuba 1000 kufuneka ibe 0.3 unit).

Xa eyila imilinganiso kufuneka athobele zangasese ezithile zoluntu, apho sivela yokuba isitya ngamnye kufuneka ungabi ngaphantsi kwe-2.5 m, kwaye umchamo nganye - hayi ngaphantsi kwe-1.5 yeemitha ndawo. Ubude 3.2 m luthatha Ukuphucula izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye kufakelo ezisisigxina okanye ngaphantsi komhlaba kufuneka ungabi ngaphantsi kwe-2.8 m.

Apho unako ukuthumela zangasese zikawonke

Emiselweyo imithetho ethile kunye indawo apho ukwazi ukuthumela zangasese zikawonke-wonke.

Ngenxa yoko, ngokweemfuneko yococeko yesixhobo wabo emakhayeni, ezikolweni kunye eziguqulweyo, ngokunjalo izakhiwo izakhiwo ezibekelwe bucala unyango kunye nothintelo okanye iziko sanitary-and-nokwanda, akuvumelekanga.

Zangasese e izakhiwo zoluntu, ukuthatha inani elikhulu labatyeleli zichazwe kumgama akukho ngaphezulu kwe-75 m ukusuka kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni apho kuhlala abantu. Kwaye ke amabala, lo mgama kufuneka ngaphezu kweemitha ezili-150 ukusuka kwindawo kwezemidlalo okanye beka mu bumi.

apholile yangasese Mobile kufuneka abekwe akukho ngaphantsi kweemitha ezi-50 ukusuka izakhiwo zikarhulumente zokuhlala. Loo mfuneko, endleleni, sisebenza zangasese zokubhala.

Kubekwa zangasese zikawonke

Ukubonisa ngasese kwindawo yoluntu, e-inthanethi izixeko namazwe ohlukeneyo ukusebenzisa izalathisi ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza othi "WC", eYurophu kunokuba oonobumba WC (wamanzi endlu yangasese olufinyeziweyo).

Kwaye kule hotele zangasese zikawonke akhiwe kumgangatho ngamnye, okhethwe GS, nto leyo ithetha - eli gumbi nakubalwa. Noko ke, abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba lo mbhalo weza evela British Army, apho ukuze izindlu zangasese sibhalwe zamagosa (amaGosa kuphela).

Ngaphezu koko, ngo zangasese zikawonke amasebe ukufana notation kusetyenziswa amadoda kunye nabafazi - "M" kunye "W" okanye "M" kwaye «W» (kwi kwinguqulelo IsiNgesi). Kwezinye iimeko, kunokuba ileyibhile kusetyenziswa ii icon okanye imifanekiso enxulumene nokuba ezinomxholo yangasese, nayiphi na undwendwe phantsi.

zangasese zikawonke-wonke ukuze abantu nokuba sex

Kutshanje, izindlu zangasese ngakumbi nangakumbi musa kubonisa umahluko ngokwesini iindwendwe zabo. Loo nto kuloo ndawo zibekelwe bucala ukulungiselela oku hlobo nkonzo, ngakumbi uyibone abonisa ukuba le zangasese zikawonke-wonke amadoda okanye abafazi.

Ezi utshintsho ngenxa yokuba ithuba lokuba ukutyelela zangasese kuphela ngokwesini ezithile kudala iingxaki ezithile. Ngokomzekelo, abantu yedwa ukukhathalela umntwana, usenokufumanisa ukuba itheyibhile ukutshintsha ifumaneka kuphela kwigumbi amanenekazi '. UYise yokukhula amantombazane bajamelene ingxaki - okanye ukuvumela umntwana omncinci ukuya kwindawo yokuhlala yabafazi, okanye uthabathe nawe amadoda. Vuma; ke yena enye ukhetho kungelula ngokulinganayo.

Zangasese babezizwa ukwakha kwigumbi lokulinda elikhulu apho uhlambe izandla zakho ukucoca impahla, kunye igumbi, apho tafula closed. Oku kukuvumela amadoda kunye nabasetyhini ukuba neentloni omnye nomnye.

Plumbing for zangasese zikawonke

kwiimfuno izixhobo ngeendawo zangasese zikawonke asixhomekeki bangaphi iindwendwe ngelo xesha linye yenzelwe - kufuneka ukuba vandal-bubungqina kwaye lula ukuyicoca.

Kwaye ke athandwa kakhulu kule nkalo yangasese ngenxa zangasese zikawonke - isitya "Genoa". It yimveliso uxande elingqukuva yentsimbi, intsimbi okanye iiseramikhi, kunye engontsini ekhethekileyo iinyawo kunye umthamo ophakathi evuthelweyo, exela ukuchopha. Oku kuye wethu eziluncedo njengoko undwendwe akuyomfuneko ukuba angamchukumisi umphambili nantoni na ngaphandle izihlangu.

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo isitya yangasese "Genoa" linokuthenjwa kwaye ixesha elide kakhulu ukusetyenziswa.

Zangasese kungaba mnandi

Kule mihla, izindlu zangasese zikawonke ngokuthe ngcembe kuyeka ukuba iindawo apho ndifuna ukuba siphume ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kwizixeko ezininzi ehlabathini lonke, ezi zibonelelo ziye yezinto bokwakha.

• Ngoko ke, e Tel Aviv (uSirayeli) ukuziyolisa iliso ngeenxa zonke eminqubeni-orenji, ngaphezu ezifana iiorenji ngaphezu zangasese. Kwaye e Gdansk (sasePoland), inxalenye yembali isixeko zinokuhonjiswa kuyilo efana nethontsi imvula, nto leyo ngemvisiswano enziwe umhlangano yasekuhlaleni.
• bezakhiwo Japanese ziye wadala iintlobo 17 zangasese zikawonke-wonke Hiroshima iipaki, enziwe isimbo origami, kodwa wawathululela ngaphandle eziphathekayo. Bona zipeyintwe ngemibala eqaqambileyo kwaye indawo uhombiso.
• Kwaye Uster (Switzerland) yangasese kufana ityhubhu alekwe ulusu enamaxolo yinyoka. Le isiphumo yimpumelelo, ezazimanyene malunga 300 ezinemibala nombala ezahlukeneyo zealuminum eluhlaza.
• Iindawo zokuchopha zendlu yangasese kumbindi Austin (Texas, USA) ifumaneka ecaleni nasezirhangeni, leyo wakhethwa ngokwabo iimbaleki. Yeyona ngakumbi ngathi ufakelo iibhodi yamaplanga ngaphezu phezu yangasese, kangangokuba elingana ngokugqibeleleyo landscape ejikelezileyo.
• Kwaye ke indawo lolwandle iWellington (New Zealand) zangasese khangela ngathi neempungutye ulwandle imisila elide elincane. Ezi imisila, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kukho umoya zendalo ukuya kwisakhiwo.
• Kodwa abafazi abaninzi mhle kubizwa ngokuba yangasese luluntu Theatre Shoei Tabuchi (USA). Yena ujonge kwigumbi ntofontofo komkhulu, ezele ngeentyatyambo. Nezipili ke yenziwe isakhelo enkulu ngobhedu, kunye nabo banqwenela lokuphumla, kukho nkqu nokungqisha.

Ukanti zangasese zikawonke-wonke ngokwaneleyo

Sekunjalo, ngokutsho UN, yonke imihla, malunga 2.5 billion abantu ehlabathini behlupheka kukungabi zangasese zikawonke-wonke. Ngaphezu koko, abasebenzi wombutho bavuma ngokuba imeko seliza ezibangele.

Ngapha koko, nokuba apho zangasese na, baba zikwimeko embi kakhulu, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba abantu abawasebenzisayo basemngciphekweni yempilo. Kunye nabafazi nabantwana, ukutyelela zangasese zikawonke-wonke, badla ngokuba ngamaxhoba obundlobongela kuzo. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abaninzi banyanzelwa ukuba azikhulula kwiindawo ezingafanelanga oku, nto leyo ke iba nefuthe elibi kwi imeko kwezifo kunye eziphilayo ehlabathini.

zangasese Public eMoscow

Hayi okungaphandle kule ndlela, kunye eMoscow. Iindwendwe, kunye nabahlali nesixeko ngokwaso kunzima kakhulu ukufumana indawo azikhulule. Ngapha koko, abaninzi zangasese zikawonke ekhoyo nje zokuqhubela. Kubo akukho nje izibhengezo, kodwa kunye neempawu ukuluqonda. Ngokucacileyo, oku wachaza into yokuba abasebenzi ngokupheleleyo abanamdla ekwandiseni inani iindwendwe.

Ukususela kwiminyaka yee-90 eMoscow babuyiselwa cubicles yangasese zeplastiki blue (izindlu zangasese eziphathwayo leyo wabizwa ngempazamo). Abaninzi kubo ngcembe ifakwe koosomashishini ukusebenza. Kwaye nangona iinzuzo zangasese ezinjalo ezicacileyo - bona mobile, musa zithatha isithuba esininzi, akubizi kwaye ahlawule kakuhle ngokwayo ngaphakathi ezimbalwa kweenyanga - eselapha yancinane exhwaneni, umzi omkhulu. Ekugqibeleni Oku kukhokelela ekubeni i "ezingontsini blue" kamsinya ukuba isithuba Asinakusebenziseka.

Alungise imeko kuthiwa zangasese seemodyuli sitsha, nto leyo ngo-2013 yaqala ukubonakala eMoscow. Bona baxhotyiswa ukukhanya, amanzi ashushu, inkqubo self-ukucoca, isepha, isipili nkqu "iqhosha elicofwayo", apho ungatsalela umnxeba amapolisa okanye inqwelo yezigulane.

A amagama ambalwa esiphelweni

Kakhulu ngendlela yesiqhelo zangasese zikawonke nga kugwetywa kwinqanaba inkcubeko kunye nophuhliso karhulumente.

Ukuze banelise iimfuno zabo komzimba kwindawo ukhululekile - oku luphawu ukunyamekela malunga abemi. Ke ukuba, njengokuba ukugcinwa impahla kunye nokugcinwa ukuze kumaziko ezinjalo abemi, na onokumxelela okuninzi malunga abakhuliswe ngayo, imfundo kunye nemikhwa yezempilo. Uxolo ukuba zangasese zikawonke angumthombo ezibuhlungu.