Nokudla ifayibha: imvelaphi kunye neempawu

, лен и прочие) являются основным сырьем для отечественной текстильной промышленности. imicu zendalo (umqhaphu, neflakisi, njalo njalo) primary ekrwada ezibonakalayo ukuze noshishino lwempahla eyolukiweyo yasekhaya. Yakhiwa iimveliso ezahlukeneyo zendalo.

Origin of imicu zendalo

Ekrwada, kwakhona, livela ezahlukeneyo kweemveliso. Kuxhomekeka ifayibha umgangatho ezahlukeneyo izinto, inkangeleko, nezinye iimpawu. Kulo mzekelo, kukho udidi ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa izinto ekrwada. . Kushishino lwamalaphu kweli kwindawo yokuqala ukuba isicelo zizinto imicu yemifuno yendalo. iimpawu zabo zixhomekeke kwiimpawu izityalo ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa izinto. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa imicu zendalo kwesilwanyana soqobo. Ezi ziquka, umzekelo, uboya, isilika.

Iimpawu imicu zendalo

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, iimpawu izinto zokwenza imveliso ixhomekeke iimpawu ngeemveliso lufumaneka khona. Avamise kakhulu imicu cotton. Bona akhutshwa inkcubeko likhule ngokukhethekileyo. Umqhaphu elinywayo kumazwe angaphezu kwama-50. It is a inkcubeko ixesha elide thermophilic. Tyala ikhangeleka etyholweni, okuphakama kwimitha enye okanye ngaphezulu. Ngonyaka emva kweentyatyambo kwi inkcubeko iziqhamo kwakheka. Bona thaca ngokohlobo njengezingxobo kunye iimbewu. kele zabo 7 ukuya ku-15 amawaka. Kwaneenwele. Yokuba imicu cotton. Ubude kweenwele kukuba kuluhlu 12-60 mm. Ixesha elide na, kungcono vulu nelaphu. Imicu zendalo zaveliswa eyolukiweyo, ekulula imibala kunye nezinye processing. Ngokubanzi, i feedstock ukuqala unalo omhlophe okanye emdaka. Ngelo xesha, ngelo xesha lakalokunje Ubuchule nenkcubeko kuvumela ukufumana kwimicu elimbala zendalo.

bast okubonakalayo

получают из стеблей и листьев разных культур. imicu Natural ezifunyenwe kwiindiza kunye namagqabi neenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ziquka, umzekelo, iquka jute, neflakisi, umba, kunye nabanye. . Nelinen kakhulu ezingcakacileyo, bhetyebhetye yaye soft zijongwa imicu zendalo. Kwezi, le ntambo kuqala wadala. Ukusuka yayamkela ukuvelisa inyama ixesha elide yaye ethambileyo. Yabhuqwa iflakisi ke iintlobo. Ubude imicu ixhomekeke ukuphakama esiqwini. Ezibaluleke kakhulu ngengqiqo mveliso, ingqalelo iflakisi. дает лен-кудряш. Its ibangelwa inokufikelela ubude 0.8-1 m. Imicu yendalo Phantsi-umgangatho unika yeflakisi.

Inkqubo ukufumana izinto

iflakisi ivuthiwe zinti zibhexeshwa ngaphandle iingcambu. Kuyimfuneko ukuba kulondolozwe ubude imicu. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba "tereblenie". Ngaphambili, oko kwenziwa ngesandla. Okwangoku, iziqhubekisi ezikhethekileyo asebenze emasimini. Ekukhululweni lnomolotilkah bayithwala olubangelwa imbewu. Le umququ isiphumo ukuba zifakwe kumaqula ezizodwa okanye namanye amaqumrhu yamanzi. Inxalenye le yeentonga bast yeflakisi. Le ibekwe phantsi amaxolo. Xa uhlobo nemisipha ezingcakacileyo iqulethe ngefayibha. bahlale ukusuka zinti kuveliswa ngezityalo ezikhethekileyo. Xa amashishini usebenzisa iteknoloji ezikhethekileyo eyahlula fibre uthinte nokwenziwa elandelayo. Tixi eziqwini womile. Emva koko ke zabaqwenga kwaye ukudubula mpepho. Emva koko eyome okuzenzela zendalo, ngenxa yokuba ukukhanya etyheli, labona ngentsimbi, umbala.

ezinye iinkcubeko

Imisonto nezinye izityalo baberhabaxa kwaye babenobungonyama. и похож на льняное по многим признакам. ikakhulu ezithi zisetyenziswe ekwenziweni ngeentsontelo, ngelaphu, irhonya, nephepha, intambo, njl Ngokomzekelo, ifayibha hemp -. material Natural kwaye liyafana linseed ngeendlela ezininzi. Noko ke, ayikho sithambile. Kule nkalo, isikakhulu asetyenziswe ukuvelisa ngelaphu, ezirhwexayo, twine, intambo. получают не только из стеблей. imicu zemvelo Bast ebengayibhekiselelanga kuphela iziqu. Njengoko izinto ekrwada, umzekelo, unako ukwenza kunye namagqabi.

silk

Ngefayibha ezisetyenziselwa imveliso yalo, nto leyo efunyenwe cocoons of silkworms. Bona luyasekwa kwinqanaba elithile yophuhliso imibungu. Befaka Cocoon iqokobhe yi side ovoid. It iqulathe imicu emihle leyo ezazimanyene 40-50 zikhabane. Kumsonto wenziwe ngolu hlobo. Phezu kwentloko ngezantsi nje kwimizila emlonyeni ibekwe imingxuma emibini. Kubo ulwelo elingqingqwa, leyo Ukuguqulwa kolwelo emoyeni. lasungulwa wenziwa rhoqo. Isiphumo ngomsonto 2, apho ethe sericin. Le into ekhethekileyo, ekhutshwayo nayo tracks. Ngenxa yoko, oko kudala ngomsonto omnye, nto leyo ukuba sifake a Cocoon.

industrial

Cocoon Umbala kuxhomekeke kuhlobo moth. Yokuba sayingqombela-yellow, emhlophe, elityheli. Nezigqibo nezinye iintlobo silkworms nabaluki sakuba, eluhlaza, cocoons oluhlaza. Kufuneka, kunjalo, kufuneka wathi umbala yendalo vulu ayikho izinzile. Ukongeza, imicu bebala ukuze emva koko nzima inkqubo imibala. Phambi cocoons ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi eyome kushishino.

Ukuze ufumane Imicu kwizinga eliphezulu cocoons babacukucezela ngomphunga okanye umoya oshushu. Pupae ezikwezo zinto, mayibulawe ife; kunye nokuthintela ukonakala, ukuba atshe. Ukuba oku akwenziwa, esi sinambuzane uba ibhabhathane kwaye uya kuqalisa ukuba baphume Cocoon. Ngoko ke, kuya kuba phantsi umonakalo koomatshini, leyo kakubi kuchaphazela umgangatho vulu. Phambi kokuba uqale ngokubhijela ifayibha, cocoons zibekwe kumaqula ezaliswe ngamanzi ashushu. zaye ke baphathwa kunye zomphunga obrak izisombululo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba athambise sericin. Enye Cocoon okuphindwe malunga 400-1200 seemitha vulu. Noko ke, yenza isijwili, untshwenyile kakhulu. Ngoko ke Imicu cocoons ukususela nge-3-30 aba-nye.

uboya

Zeziphi ezinye okuzenzela zendalo ezisetyenziswa kweli shishini? Izilwanyana ukunika shishino noboya. Kwakhona luyasetyenzwa ukuvelisa ngefayibha. Iwulu baneempawu kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo. Iiyantlukwano ezisegumbini Imicu iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana. Umzekelo, uboya ixabiso elikhulu ngulowo efunyenwe emfutshane entle-uboya kunye emihle semi. Ngexesha iinwele ukhakhayi isuswe kumiswa esiqinileyo. Eboyeni akufani ngokwemiqathango esemgangathweni. Imicu zexabiso zicwangciswe kwi yabe umva, isisu, igxalaba. Apha emilenzeni kunye ngasemva lidityaniswe iinwele. Noko ke, eyona ibaluleke ithathwa ophezulu ezikumgangatho Lutho. liqine ikhululekile, ilastiki elibhityileyo. umgangatho uboya luxhomekeke kakhulu ixesha lokucheba. ngefayibha entofontofo ezifunyenwe entwasahlobo. Kubo kukho isixa esikhulu Lutho. Xa ekwindla iphantse ndingekhoyo idyasi. Ngenxa yoko, imicu ezinjalo abantamo. Noko ke, ekwindla uboya spring msulwa. Phakathi imicu ahluka:

1. Arista - ifayibha zamafu.
2. iinwele idlule. Ngokutsho iimpawu zayo, singene kwinqanaba eliphakathi phakathi umnqonqo kunye phantsi.
3. Hair "Abafileyo". Oku thaca ngokohlobo imicu nzima yaye esezantsi-amandla.

Iimpawu processing

Iipropati vulu kuya kuxhomekeka kumgangatho zomzimba, ziye zasetyenziswa ukuze bafumane oko. Iintlobo kakuhle zenziwe Lutho. Umgangatho ngefayibha kumiselwa iyahlala, ukuthamba, fineness, kodwa ubude bawo nje kuphela. Yena, ke, kuya kuxhomekeka zohlobo emfutshane. ingubo ungaba kuze 180-200 mm. impahla eluhlaza kusoloko kuxhomekeke processing ephambili. Oku kubandakanya ukuhlela, nokucocwa kobutyobo (amanqathana emhlabeni, burdock njalo njalo.). Emva koko, lo otreplenie, bezikhulule kunye. Emva koko, uboya ahlambe kwaye womile. Ukuhlela kwenziwa ngesandla. Eboyeni wazibeka phezu iitafile ezikhethekileyo. Apha yahlulwe. Ngokuhambisana nemigangatho ethile ngoboya umgangatho iqela ekhethiweyo. Siwasebenzise lwenziwa kongezwe iikhompawundi iisepha ezizodwa. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukususa amasuntswana namanqatha.

izinto chemical ekrwada

Ngophuhliso zobugcisa kwaba lula ukuvelisa iisoyi kunye imicu zokwenziwa. Njengoko izizathu eziphambili usebenzisa chemistry ekulungiseleleni izinto ekrwada kuthiwa isinyanzeliso sokuba namalaphu. izinto zendalo izibonelelo ezikhoyo ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabemi. Ukulungiswa kwezinto eyenziweyo nasenzo yenziwa usebenzisa neeplastikhi zendalo. Ezi ziquka, ingakumbi, iquka umqhaphu, imithi kunye nezinye kwincindi, iiprotheni ubisi, njl Ezi izinto ziphantsi kunyango imichiza ne-nitric acid, sulphuric acid, acetic acid, acetone, sodium hayidroksayidi njalo njalo. Ngenxa yoko viscose nitroshelk, acetate, cuprammonium isilika.

izinto zokwenziwa ekrwada

Bona ekuveliseni ukwenziwa kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwabo: oyile kwakunye namalahle, kunye drive negesi yendalo, iintsalela kwezolimo, yaye yintlama kunye nemveliso iphepha. Ukususela izinto ubunzima eliphezulu ezinto bodwa nentlaka. Bakhonza ukuqala izinto ukwenzela ukuvelisa izinto zokwenziwa. Unyango nokuqhubela phambili nentlaka lenziwe, iteknoloji ekhethekileyo kunokuba nzima. Phakathi imicu zokwenziwa, lo nenayiloni lusetyenziswa kakhulu, ipholiyesta, nenayiloni, Milan, Polyvinyl chloride, kunye nabanye. okubonakalayo Chemical kwangaphambili ukuba iimpawu ezithile qualitative. Ngokukodwa, oko ixesha elide, ayinyangeki ukufuma, ipeyinti njalo njalo.

A feed ingxubevange

Imicu imichiza kunye zendalo, leyo zikhankanywe apha ngentla, izinto eyohlobo olulodwa. Ngelo xesha, namhlanje luya umxube kuthandwa zempahla ekrwada. Ukuqaliswa iiteknoloji ezintsha kwi noshishino lwempahla eyolukiweyo le ibonelela ngamathuba angawo ukulungiselela neentlobontlobo enkulu vulu. imicu Natural ukuze ugalelwe zombini kunye nabanye kunye izinto iisoyi kunye zokwenziwa. Hi xikombiso, le nenayiloni ezidibeneyo nelinen, nenayiloni noboya. Kuba semi-isilika, kunye uboya lwemenu amalaphu asiyiyo umxube kuphela imicu. isicelo ngenkuthalo technology ngokufaka entsha. Ngokukodwa, xa uyila ngelaphu lokoluka vulu oku yenye imicu, kunye idada - enye.

isiphelo

Ishishini textile yenye lwezicuku industrial. Kuba nokuveliswa kuzithengisa iimveliso ezisemgangathweni izinto eziza kusetyenziswa. Kufuneka ihambelane nemigangatho karhulumente, phantsi processing ngokucokisekileyo. Oku kubalulekile ukuba Imicu nayiphi na imvelaphi, kuquka chemical. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba rhoqo ukusebenzisa ubugcisa bemveliso phambili kolu shishino. Oku, ifuna unikezelo izinto ezintsha ekrwada.