Nokukhubazeka: ngokwemiqathango yolwahlulo kunye neqondo yokukhubazeka. Ukuchazwa yokukhubazeka

Xa wabona phandle umntu isitulo esinamavili okanye unina kunye amehlo ebuhlungu, ezama ukonwabisa ezahlukeneyo zakhe kwabanye abantwana, sizama mabajonge kude aze ngoyaba ngokupheleleyo le ngxaki. Yaye ngaba kulungile? Njani abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba ubomi ke akucingeleki, yaye nayiphi na intlekele umzuzu unakho iniqubule nayiphi na thina okanye abo sibathandayo? Impendulo kufuneka ibe mibi. Kodwa ke inyaniso ukhohlakele, kunye nabantu esempilweni namhlanje ngomso njengokuba zikhubaziwe. Ngoko ke, kuya kuba nenzuzo ukukhangela iimpendulo kwimibuzo malunga ngubani na abantu abakhubazekileyo, amaqela ukukhubazeka amaninzi apho obeka kubo?

Izigulane kufuneka kweliso lomgadi kunye noncedo ezivela kubantu besithathu. Zibe ninzi kufuneka uthando, uthando nenkathalo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba abaninzi babo Asikunyamezeli abonakalisa le nceba kubo, kwaye kufuneka ukuba zibonwe ngokulinganayo.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, liyanda inani labantu bezama ukuphila ubomi obupheleleyo, umsebenzi, ukuya izinto zolonwabo, baphumle kwi iiholide, njalo njalo. D. Ukunxibelelana nabo, sebenzisa ubuchule kwaye hayi ukuba bajolise ingqalelo iingxaki zabo zempilo.

nezimaphambili ezingundoqo kunye neengcaciso

Igama elithi "ukukhubazeka" sele imvelaphi Latin kwaye livela invalidus ilizwi, bona bubonakala "ubuthathaka", "amandla." Le mbono kusetyenziswa xa oko kuyimfuneko ukuchaza imeko emzimbeni okanye engqondweni yomntu, leyo phantsi kweemeko ezithile ngokusisigxina okanye ixesha elide limited okanye akanayo ngokupheleleyo yokukhubazeka. Oku, icebisa ukuba imida ebekwa phambi nasiphi na isiphene (iziphene okanye lufundiwe). I siphene, nayo, okanye njengoko kuthiwa sifo ilahleko okanye ukutenxa kumgaqo nawuphi na umsebenzi lomzimba.

Ke igama elithi "disabled", ngoko ngaphantsi oko ngokoqobo libhekisela "kungekhona esebenzayo." Ngoko ke wabiza umntu onesifo enezifo, eliphakathi okanye elide yokuwa imisebenzi okanye iinkqubo zomzimba, nto leyo ngenxa yesifo okanye ifuthe trauma ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, singathetha ngayo umda lobomi, yona ilahleko olupheleleyo okanye olungaphelelanga ithuba ukuzinakekela, ukuhamba ngaphandle koncedo, ukuba ukungena ingxoxo kunye nabanye, yaye ngokucacileyo baveze iingcamango zabo, ukukhangela isithuba, ukulawula intshukumo, kuba noxanduva ngezenzo ukuba ufundile, umsebenzi.

amaqela Iikhrayitheriya abakhubazekileyo abaqeshwe ubugcisa, uvavanyo lonyango kunye nezentlalo conductive, ukumisela iimeko phantsi apho iqondo ungqingqwa isetelwe namakhono.

Ngokulandelelana izimvo kufuneka kwakhona ukucacisa intsingiselo kweli binzana 'nokuvuselelwa abakhubazekileyo. " Yindlela kwaye ngexesha elinye inkqubo yokupasa kwakhona ubuchule ezithile zabantu, nto leyo zibalulekile nendlu yakhe, uluntu, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, izinto zasemsebenzini.

Amaqela Ukukhubazeka: zokuhlela kunye nenkcazo emfutshane

Ukukhubazeka - ingxaki echaphazela ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo phantse wonke umntu on Earth. Yiyo loo nto akukho mfihlakalo ukuba kukho amaqela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo yokukhubazeka, lucalulo olo kuxhomekeke kubungakanani zezi apho loo misebenzi okanye iinkqubo ze umzimba, nendlela kuphela ubuchule bomntu, ukuba baphile eyaphukileyo.

Ummi ukuze njengongasebenziyo kuphela kokugqitywa koviwo lonyango nentlalo. Kuphela ngamalungu eKhomishini angathabatha isigqibo lokuvuma okanye ngokuchasene noko, nokwalelwa ukuba inyuse kuye umntu ukukhubazeka. Classification, esiza kusetyenziswa qela ziingcali abaziingcali ichaza ukuba izakuba ngowuphi kunye nobungakanani apho umsebenzi umzimba ubunzima sesi sifo ethile, ukwenzakala, njl Izithintelo (ukunyhashwa) imisebenzi zingahlulwa ngokwala ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• izifo ezichaphazela statodynamic (motor) imisebenzi eziphilayo;
• ukuphazamiseka ezichaphazela inkqubo, metabolic, yonyango, wokudla, ukudandatheka kwegazi zemiphunga;
• kwekhono oluvo;
• thethwene.

Ilungelo ukwalathisa abemi kubungcali zonyango nezentlalo ophethwe iziko lonyango apho kwenzeka, umzimba linoxanduva lokubonelela yepenshoni (Pension Fund), kwaye iyunithi enika ukhuseleko loluntu. Ngenxa yoko, abemi bafumane daba lokubhalela uviwo, kufuneka ulungiselele maxwebhu alandelayo:

1. Direction ekhutshwe elinye ngentla ogunyaziswe ngabasemagunyeni. Iqulathe yonke ingcaciso eyimfuneko malunga nobume bempilo yabantu iqondo ukuphazamiseka umzimba.
2. Le ngxelo, esayinwe ngqo ngumntu na ukuba bangenele uviwo okanye ummeli wakhe osemthethweni.
3. La maxwebhu ubungqina zokugxojwa yempilo yomguli. Kusenokuba izishwankathelo obhobhozayo, iziphumo izifundo zomculo kwaye njalo njalo. D.

Ukwahlula amaqela amathathu yokukhubazeka. Ukuhlelwa na ukuphazamiseka ezingundoqo umzimba womntu, kwakunye iqondo qatha zabo kho iimpawu ekuya kubonwa ngazo bamaqela eyabelwe-sicelo. Emva uhlalutyo nengxoxo ingcali amaxwebhu ummi thaca isigqibo umbuzo wokuba ingaba yokukhubazeka kwakhe okanye ukuqonda. Phambi onke amalungu ngesigqibo Khomishoni ziya kusiwa mntu sele iwupasisile axilongwe nezentlalo, kwaye xa imeko ifuna, uzinikele zonke neengcaciso eziyimfuneko.

Kwakhona kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba xa umntu eyabelwe iqela lokuqala yokukhubazeka, ligcinwe uviwo-kwakhona kanye kwiminyaka emi-2. Imibutho minyaka kwakhona Ukuphononongwa kwakhona bantu iqela yesibini neyesithathu.

Le Okungumahluko iqela ukukhubazeka elingunaphakade kubo. Yifumane abantu bangenele iimviwo-kwakhona ngalo naliphi na ixesha ngokwabo. Ukuze benze oku, kufuneka benze kuphela isicelo efanelekileyo kwaye uyithumele abasemagunyeni abanobuchule.

Uluhlu izizathu

rhoqo uyakwazi ukuva iincoko umntu iye yamiselwa iqela yokukhubazeka ngenxa yesifo jikelele. Nale ngaphezulu okanye kucace ngaphantsi. Noko ke, kwakungayi kuba buhlungu ukwazi ukuba kukho ezinye izizathu zale iwonga, ebandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• walimala yi umntu emsebenzini, kunye nezinye izifo emsebenzini ;
• ikhubaziwe ukususela ebuntwaneni: kwasekuzalweni;
• ukukhubazeka, owabakhoyo ngenxa yokwenzakala ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II;
• izifo kunye nokwenzakala ezifunyenwe ngexesha emkhosini;
• ukukhubazeka, unobangela ethathelwa ingqalelo njengentlekelele kwi isityalo Chernobyl;
• Ezinye izizathu, ezo ebekwe ngumthetho we-Russian Federation.

Iqela lokuqala yokukhubazeka

Ngokumalunga kwimpilo yoluntu kwindawo emzimbeni lwembono, eyona inzima na iqela lokuqala yokukhubazeka. Yena wabelwe abo baye ukunyhashwa ebalulekileyo umsebenzi naziphi na iinkqubo umzimba mnye okanye nangaphezulu. Oku malunga iqondo eliphezulu sandla izifo, izifo okanye isiphene, ngenxa yoko abantu nje singakwazi ukunyamekela ngokwabo ngokuzimeleyo. Nokuba kuba izenzo ezininzi ezingundoqo ngayo esiyidingayo ngaphandle uncedo.

Iqela Ukukhubazeka 1 imvelaphi inyuselwa khona:

• Abantu abangakwaziyo ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza (isigxina okanye okwethutyana) kwaye ifuna rhoqo Baby (ulolongo, inkxaso) kunye namaqela angaphandle.
• Abantu abahluphekayo nangona abuthethe lomonakalo esebenzayo umzimba, kodwa usenako ukwenza iintlobo ezithile zomsebenzi. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba basebenze kuphela xa wadala ngqo iimeko ngamnye: kumasifundisane ezizodwa, umsebenzi ukuba bayakwazi ukwenza ethe zava emakhaya azo, njalo-njalo ..

Ngaphezulu, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho iindlela ezithile kwenkcazo yokukhubazeka. Ukuseka iqela lokuqala, abo zilandelayo:

• Ukungakwazi ukukhonza ngokwabo;
• ukungakwazi ukuhamba ngokuzimeleyo;
• nokudideka ubuchule kwisithuba (nokudideka);
• ukungabinako ukuthetha nabantu;
• nokungakwazi ukulawula indlela yabo ukuba baphendule ngezenzo zabo.

Ziziphi izifo lusekiwe ukukhubazeka iqela lokuqala?

Ukuze uqonde isizathu sokuba abanye ukulawula ukufumana iwonga lomntu abakhubazekileyo, kunye nabanye wakhanyela oku, akwanelanga ukudwelisa kuphela le miqathango ekhankanywe apha ngasentla ukuze kugqitywe iqela sokukhubazeka. Amalungu ebandakanya-Social Khomishoni ziya ithathele ingqalelo inani nezinye izinto kunye neemeko. Umzekelo, awukwazi ukushiya ngaphandle ingqalelo uluhlu kwezifo apho umntu othile wabelwa ukuba iqela 1 nokukhubazeka. Ezi ziquka:

• kakhulu inkqubela tuberculosis ekhoyo decompensated;
• ithumba akanakunyangwa;
• Izifo ezimandundu ezichaphazela inkqubo sentliziyo, ilandelwe yi ukungaphumeleli iqondo sesithathu nokuhamba kwegazi;
• ukukhubazeka kwamalungu omzimba;
• Hemiplegia okanye aphasia kakhulu ingqondo;
• kwengqondo kunye kakhulu kwaye elide usoyika kwaye catatonic syndrome;
• sokuwa, apho kukho ukugula rhoqo kakhulu nokuphila ungcwalazi esisigxina;
• sengqondo esixhalabisayo, kwaye ngexesha elinye ilahleko kwimbono ezibalulekileyo zesi sifo;
• nemilenze isiphunzi (umzekelo, ukungabikho epheleleyo iminwe kunye nezinye umlenze ngakumbi kakhulu);
• umlenze residual;
• ukungaboni njalo njalo. d.

Bonke abemi, noya kunika amalungu eKomishini amaxwebhu yezonyango eqinisekisa ukuba enye yezi zifo, uya eyabelwe iqela 1 nokukhubazeka. Kungenjalo, oku kuya sikhatyiwe.

Kuthekani iqela lesibini ukukhubazeka?

Iqela lesibini yokukhubazeka inikwa abantu umzimba apho kukho kakhulu lomonakalo ezisebenzayo evela kule isigulo, ukwenzakala okanye bekhubazekile. Ngenxa yomsebenzi zabantu kakhulu umda, nangona kunjalo, igcinwe ubuchule ukunyamekela ngokuzimeleyo ngokwabo kwaye babhenele ngoncedo abangaphandle.

Iqalisa iqela lesibini yokukhubazeka, ukuba kukho kubonakala zilandelayo:

• angakwazi ukunakekela bona ngokwabo, besebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo okanye uncedo ezingephi amaqela angaphandle;
• nako ukuqhubela kunye nokusetyenziswa zokuncedisa okanye amaqela angaphandle;
• ukungakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wezemisebenzi okanye ukukwazi ukusebenza, ukuba kuphela kule kumisa iimeko ezizodwa, ngaphandle kokuba imali kuyimfuneko, lixhotyiswe kwindawo eyodwa;
• ukusilela lokufumana imfundo kumaziko zesiqhelo emfundo, kodwa susceptibility kuphuhliso ulwazi ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezizodwa kunye namaziko ezizodwa;
• izakhono yokuqhelaniswa phambi kokubini indawo kunye nexesha;
• Ukukwazi ukunxibelelana, kodwa ngokuxhomekeke ukusetyenziswa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo;
• ukukwazi ukulawula ukuziphatha kwakhe, kodwa kweliso lesithathu.

Ziziphi izifo lusekiwe ukukhubazeka iqela lesibini?

Iqela lesibini lokukhubazeka lusekiwe ukuba umntu onesifo omnye ezimbi zilandelayo:

• valvular nqa okanye engabalulekanga-II III kunye iqondo ukuphazamiseka kwegazi;
• Grade II lwegazi, leyo siqhuba ngokukhawuleza kwaye lukhatshwa ngumbhodamo rhoqo vasospastic;
• tuberculosis okuqhubekayo fibrocavernous;
• ukuqina kwemiphunga kunye Cardio-pulmonary insufficiency;
• yamafutha kakhulu zobuchopho kunye nokwehla ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba ingqondo;
• ukwenzakala kunye nezinye izifo ezosulelayo kunye non-ezosulelayo zobuchopho, ezidiliziweyo ngenxa kuphuhliso ezibonwayo, vestibular nomzimba motor nemisebenzi;
• izifo nokulimala umnqonqo, nto leyo izitho wambamba;
• reinfarction kunye insufficiency semithambo;
• emva kotyando kwakufuneka ukususa ngamathumba amabi, esiswini, imiphunga kunye nezinye izigqeba;
• kakhulu esuswini ziphalale ilahleko namdla;
• sokuwa, ephelekwa sokuwa rhoqo;
• disarticulation kasikrobana;
• isiphunzi nethanga ongaboniyo ebalulekileyo iqinelwa kunye nabanye.

Inkcazelo emfutshane ye iqela lesithathu yokukhubazeka

Iqela sesithathu lokukhubazeka bunikwa kunye ekucutheni kakhulu lomsebenzi kwabantu ngenxa yezitenxo kwiinkqubo kunye nemisebenzi ephilayo, nto leyo ibangwa zizifo ezingapheliyo, kunye siphene ezahlukeneyo yokwakheka. Eli qela linika:

1. Abantu abathi ngenxa yempilo enkenenkene kukho imfuneko engxamisekileyo ngokwemigaqo imisebenzi efuna izakhono ezisezantsi kunye neendleko zabasebenzi ezisezantsi. Umzekelo:
   
   ● toolmaker ne-I-II degree of ukuphazamiseka yegazi leyo ngokwasemzimbeni nje ayikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yabo abaqeqeshiweyo. Noko ke, loo nto ingathatha kakuhle nesithuba umqokeleli kwempahla emihle.
   ● spinners, 2nd ogama unqanyulwe iminwe 3 neye-4 ngesandla, kufuneka inguqulelo ukuya kromschitsy sikhundla.
   ● ukubhobhoza Higher Miller, yeqonga lwegazi II, kufuneka inguqulelo kwisikhundla izixhobo zokusasaza.
   ● emgodini unesifo "silicosis" isikhundla kuyimfuneko yeyam okanye uqeqesho.
   
   
2. Abantu abathi ngenxa yempilo, imfuno kwiinguqu ezimandla iimeko abasebenza ngaphandle kokutshintsha lo msebenzi. Oku, kufuna unciphiso ebalulekileyo umthamo umsebenzi nokucutha uqeqesho. Umzekelo:
   
   ● Chief eziMali trust, netyunjwe kunye palsy ongaboniyo yegazi memory, ukuphazamiseka, njalo njalo. E., Ukuba iguqulelwe kwenye yeeofisi yombutho, kodwa ukususela kwisikhundla wokulondoloza.
   ● Weaver, ukukhonza oomatshini ezininzi, nto leyo uyaziwa seswekile sandla ngokulinganisela, kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa inani koomatshini ngokoxanduva lalo.
   
   
3. Abantu abakhubazekileyo ukwenza umsebenzi, apho ezisezantsi abanezakhono okanye abaye ngaphambili zange bade alwe.
   
   
4. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, iqela lesithathu yokhubazeko inikwa abantu kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lomsebenzi baye wenziwe, ukuba benayo iziphene yokwakheka kunye deformations, kwaye ke ayikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yabo abaqeqeshiweyo.

ukukhubazeka, kuxhomekeke iqondo yokukhubazeka

Kukho ezahlukileyo iindlela zokuvavanya imo yempilo yabantu, ngenxa yokuba yokukhubazeka ziyenzeka. Ulwahlulo kwezi nqobo nangomoya yabo sicaciswa kuwiso-mthetho. Khumbula ukuba ngelo xesha lakalokunje amaqela amathathu, nganye eneyazo iimpawu zayo ezithile zikhona.

Inkcazo yeqela lokukhubazeka ekufuneka limiselwe isigulane ngumthwalo ojongene ngqo namalungu olwazi lwezonyango noluntu. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuphawulwe ukuba i-ITU nayo inquma umlinganiselo wesakhono somsebenzi womntu onesiphene.

Isiganga sokuqala sithatha ukuba umntu uyakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wabasebenzi, kodwa kwimeko yokuba i-qualification iya kuncitshiswa, kwaye umsebenzi awuyi kufuna imfuno eninzi yenkcitho. Isibini sibonelela ukuba umntu unokusebenza, kodwa ngenxa yoko kufuneka adale imiqathango ekhethekileyo kwaye anikezele ngeendlela zobuchwepheshe ezincedisayo. Abantu abaye bachongwa ngenye yalezi degrees banikwe iqela elisebenzayo lokukhubazeka.

Ngokungafani nababini bokuqala, umgangatho wesithathu womsebenzi uchaza ukuba akunakwenzeka ukwenza umsebenzi wokusebenza. Abantu abaye banikwe le nqanaba nge-ITU banikwe iqela lokukhubazeka elingasebenzi.

Udidi "abantwana abakhubazekile"

Udidi lwabantwana abakhubazekile luquka abantwana nabantwana abaselula abangaphantsi kweshumi elinesibhozo kwaye banokukhubazeka okukhulu, okubangela ukukhubazeka ukuphuhliswa, ukungakwazi ukuthetha, ukufunda, ukulawula ukuziphatha kwabo, ukuhamba ngokuzimeleyo nokwenza umsebenzi ozayo. Njengomthetho, inani leengcebiso libhalwa yi-ITU yomntwana okhubazekile:

• Indawo yokuhlala isigxina okanye yesikhashana kwiziko elisekelwe ngokukhethekileyo kubantwana abanjalo;
• Uqeqesho lomntu ngamnye;
• Ukubonelela ngomntwana (ukuba kuyimfuneko) kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa kunye neendlela ezincedisayo ukuqinisekisa ubomi obuqhelekileyo;
• Ukubonelelwa ngonyango lwezonyango (iprofayili yesatishi kunye nobude bokuhlala kuyo kuboniswe);
• Uchaza isethi yamanyathelo okuvuselelwa okufunekayo, njl