Orchid Care and kwezithole, iingcebiso

Ukuba uyakholwa ukuba izazinzulu, orchid ezihonjiswe Umhlaba eminye iminyaka million 130 eyadlulayo. Ngenxa Njengesityalo, bamana bezandlala kwiminyaka 4000 kuphela eyadlulayo, kuqala e China kunye eJapan, apho infusions zonyango, ekubeni ixesha elide bekukholeleka ukuba ephilisa izakhiwo.

Kwamanye amazwe, orchid, unonophelo nokutyalwa ubunalo baba ivamile eMpuma, kwakukho abangama-200 eminyaka eyadlulayo yaye ukususela ngoko iye yazuza abawathandayo ezininzi ubuhle bayo.

Orchid-bume yendalo

Kangangexesha elide abantu babechanile ecinga ukuba esi sityalo sikhula kuphela amahlathi emvula, kunzima ukwenza yayintle ekhaya kuye. Enyanisweni, kukho malunga 30,000 iintlobo zeentyatyambo ezikhula phantsi kweemeko ezahlukileyo zemozulu, uphambuke iindawo nje yome kakhulu yaye kubanda.

Ulahlekiso olusebenza wayengekho ezingenangqondo, ekubeni iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo ndiyinyuse yetropika imvula zemvula amahlathi, apho akhuselwe kwimitha ngqo ilanga, kunye nomoya umoya olungileyo.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho kuphela orchid kwi Antarctic, lo gama ezinye amazwekazi kuhlala iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngayo. Uninzi iintlobo le ntyatyambo zezi epiphytes kwaye kufuneka inkxaso ekwimo isiqu somthi. Noko ke, bengengabo irhorho, njengoko feed kuphela nomgquba, amagqabi kunye nezinambuzane.

Inxalenye orchid ilala ezintabeni, ngokukhetha le zicandeke izihlambo, apho uchola ukufuma babe nokuvikeleka emimoyeni ebandayo. Kwizigidi zeminyaka, ezi ntyatyambo ziye savela ukuba 'sikhule' iingcambu namagqabi, esiza ukuba basinde xa kuthe wokubalela, bebutha komisa kokusingqongileyo.

Ezinye zazo nomtsalane kwiinyosi, ngoxa abanye iguqulwe kwaye ziba ezimvumvuzelwa yi izibawu, amabhabhathane, iingcongconi, amalulwane, iingcungcu nkqu wadla. Ayizizo zonke iintlobo babo bakwazi ukuhlala phantsi ngaphandle ecosystem njengesiqhelo. Orchid, ukufakela kunye nokhathalelo ekhaya bengabahlangulanga enkulu, thaca ezingama kweentlobo-50, eyona ethandwa kuzo Cambria kunye Phalaenopsis.

uhlobo orchid

Amaninzi, abalimi ingqalelo ezahlukeneyo imibala musa ukuba nokudalwa microclimate ezintsokothileyo eflethini okanye greenhouse. Ezi ziquka:

• Phalaenopsis, apho kwafunyaniswa kuqala kwisiqithi Ambon e Indonesia. NgesiGrike eli gama lithetha "njengenundu" ngenxa imilo wentyatyambo, nto leyo ifana butterfly exotic. Eso sityalo 4-6 amagqabi evergreen, leyo ezikhula axils ze izikhondo iintyatyambo kunye neengcambu emoyeni. Kiddies ekhuthazwa.
• Cattleya orchid eyafunyanwa yezityalo Brazilian uWilliam Swanson. Igama enikwa yi abantu, ngubani ikwazile ukufumana kweentyatyambo yayo yokuqala greenhouse yakhe. Esi sityalo ngeentyatyambo ezinkulu eqaqambileyo kwaye ndingatyhilekanga kakhulu kwaye ifuna ukudalwa kweemeko zakhe ukufuma ophezulu kunye nokukhanya. Ngoko ke, i ukunakekela orchid abo basandula kuqalisa kunye yotyando apho kufuna ixesha elininzi kunye namava, akukho ezifanelekileyo. Kubhetele ukuba uqale nge ntlobo ngaphantsi abangenazigqibo.

• Dendrobium - enye iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo, eziquka iintlobo 1000 ukuya-1,400 kunye kwaqanjwa egadini. Zonke iintlobo le orchid kunokuba inani ezahlukeneyo iintyatyambo kunye namagqabi, kodwa bona babe phawu enye efanayo - le sembali esezantsi le ibhijelwe isiseko kule mbali. Le ozithandayo kakhulu phakathi begadi iintlobo ezi zityalo, ngenxa yokuba izikhohlakali zingamoyiki ifuna yinkathalelo ebalulekileyo kunye esezansi ukusuka kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintandathu.
• Cumbria - yinto a hybrid, likhule ngokukodwa "abaphilayo" ekhaya. Zezona ndlela ilungileyo kwabasaqalayo abanqwenela ukuba kwikhaya labo kwaba orchid kwisitiya seentyatyambo. Unonophelo kuhlwayelwe kakhulu yayo ncinci nelula. Kolunga emehlweni esezansi lomniniyo izihlandlo eziliqela ngonyaka.

amakhulu ebhaliweyo iincwadi, eyayichaza ngokweenkcukacha konke malunga orchid - care, emikhumbini yamanzi, ukuchumisa kwaye ukuguqula ezifunekayo ekhaya, ukuze nkqu labaqalayo unako ukuthenga i intyatyambo exotic kwi "collection".

Orchid ngeembiza

Kuba Abalimi abaninzi abo basandula kuqalisa ngumba apho iimbiza ukukhula orchid. Kuhlwayelwe nonakekelo kwikhaya ezi zityalo ngokufuthi kuxhomekeka kwizikhongozeli ezikhethiweyo, isithuba kwaye kudala imeko ngumntu.

Amaninzi, le ntyatyambo abathandi bakhetha ukuthenga iintlobo, ixesha ezinye nokuba zincinane okanye azikho kwaukubakho. Ezi ziquka Cymbidium, coelogyne, Phalaenopsis kunye nezinye. Bathi okwentyatyambo unyaka wonke, nto leyo nice ingakumbi xa ukunyamekela kubo.

Kuba orchid ezininzi lomhlaba - yiyo kuphela indlela ukubagcina kwindawo tye, ngoko ke ifanele ukuba ibe ngumhlaba umyezo "heavy-sasekhohlo '. Uninzi kumabakala umxube ofanelekileyo kwesanti kuhluzwa kunye wongezelela ngodongwe, moss, amaxolo, amalahle ukhokho. Konke oku kufuneka ngocoselelo ungacolwanga endiyiselayo. Unakho ukuthenga mix ngomumo eyenziwe umhlaba orchid.

Ezinye wabaqalayo bakholelwa ukuba xa iingcambu zesityalo eziwileyo evela kwimbiza, ngoko kuye zangqamana, uze uzame lokususa kweentyatyambo. ukunakekelwa Orchid kunye abohlukeneyo apho yi akukho nje kunzima njengoko kubonakala, akuyomfuneko kwamatanki elikhulu logama nje akayeki ukukhula kwayo.

Inxaxheba kwinqanaba lokuqala endaweni embizeni angaya indebe zeplastiki eqhelekileyo, kodwa bonke kuxhomekeke kubungakanani kule mbali. Imfuneko iphambili orchid - Umhlaba rhoqo efumileyo, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko kuphela yokukhupha amanzi nasemingxunyeni embizeni, kodwa itreyi iingqalutye, ekufuneka kugalela amanzi rhoqo.

phalaenopsis grade

Olu hlobo orchid akukho ixesha lokuphumla yaye wawananza abanini ngeentyatyambo unyaka wonke, kodwa olithabathayo iingcambu kunye zidubule kufuna umgudu.

• Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuba umoya ke seliphantse ukugqitha kwi 25 degrees unyaka wonke. Kodwa esezansi kuphela xa ngaba kukho umahluko degrees 5 phakathi ubushushu imini nobusuku. Ngelo xesha kudala yayisel 'ityatyambile entsha.
• Okwesibini, ukutshiza, wenziwe kanye ngemini kufuneka kufana nenkungu amanzi. Kumele ukuba bavunyelwe ukuba ahlale phezu amagqabi nethontsi lamanzi, kodwa ukufuma ngexesha elinye kufuna phezulu. Ukudala ukuba ungasebenzisa i itreyi iingqalutye, leyo uhlale amanzi. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba imbiza wayengekho emanzini, ibe phezu kwamatye, hleze iingcambu khona ezibolayo.
• Okwesithathu, xa wayekhulile orchid phalaenopsis, unonophelo, lokususa izityalo rhoqo kuxhomekeka zeendawana ekhula. Kufuneka ube nomoya, kwaye libe amaxolo, moss amagwebu ziingceba. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaba kuphela ezimanzi kancinane, hayi manzi kunye ngokunciphisa lobushushu zeendawana kunokubangela ukubola kweengcambu.
• Okwesine, yamanzi kufuneka kwenziwe ngenyameko kakhulu kangangokuba akukho manzi engena isiseko kwezisekelo apho ingongoma yakhe ekhulayo. Kuyenzeka ukuba kugalela amanzi phezu ngohlangothi embizeni.

Le nyameko orchid ikhaya yotyando ayikho nzima kakhulu ukuba bonke "iimfuno 'zalo, uya kuzisa uvuyo kumniniyo. lokucheba Ukusoloko kuloo ndawo apho lokuntshula igqityiwe, isityalo uya kuxhokonxa ukuvela amathupha ezintsha, ukudala unyaka-ngeenxa liqhuma kubo.

orchid kuhlwayelwe phalaenopsis

Kubalulekile ukwazi oko uluthiyile ukutshatyalaliswa zeendawana yi Phalaenopsis Orchid. Care ekhaya, kwezithole emhlabeni kufuneka kwenziwe ngononophelo kakhulu kwaye kuphela ukuba:

• imbiza yaba encinci kakhulu--;
• Plexus baqalisa ukuhlala kunye neengcambu kwabafileyo;
• Ukungaphumeleli zeendawana yenzekile;
• na imbonakalo uqweqwe emhlabeni;
• umthamo ubudala iye simbi.

Ngexesha abohlukeneyo kwisityalo kufuneka zisuswe ngononophelo evela kwimbiza. Ukuba iplastiki, kungcono ukuba lunqamle lona. Roots kufuneka kukhululwa emhlabeni endala, izityalo kunye neenkqubo kubola owomileyo, ihlanjwe ngamanzi acocekileyo.

Ibhotile entsha ekwakuthululwa zeendawana entsha, ukuba uzibeke njengentyantyambo kwaye ngobunono afefe emhlabeni zonke izikhewu phakathi iingcambu. Umhlaba olova yokunyakamisa kwaye beka iimbiza emthunzini iintsuku ezimbalwa, oko uye iingcambu orchid. Ukunakekela emva abohlukeneyo into ilele le zeendawana de isityalo aziyi kwamkelwa. Emva koko, ungadlulisela kwi ndawo njengesiqhelo.

orchid Cumbria

Njengazo zonke iintlobo hybrid iqhume, Cumbria iindidi kufuneka ukunkcenkceshelwa efanelekileyo kuphela, izinga elifunekayo sokukhanyisa lobushushu lomoya:

• Le isityalo sikhetha amaqondo obushushu ehlotyeni ukususela +22 ukuya +26, yaye ebusika - ukususela +16 ukuya degrees +18. Ngethuba lokudubula kweentyatyambo kuyimfuneko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba amaqondo imini nobusuku hlukile yi akukho ngaphezu kweqondo lama-5-6.
• Eyona ndawo ifanelekileyo onokufundela orchid Cumbria iya kuba window ukuya entshona, empuma, entla-mpuma okanye icala langasentla, apho eninzi ukukhanya kodwa kungabikho ukukhanya ngqo. Xa isityalo esezansi ekwindla nasebusika, kuyimfuneko ukuba dosvechivat ukukhanya kwayo ezibengezelayo.

• Ukunkcenkceshela kule iintlobo gqith kufuneka sibe ngcathu, kodwa rhoqo. Yena ungenako ukubathwala amanzi amileyo, ngoko etankini kufuneka zinemingxuma, kunye nokutsalwa akakwazi ukugcwalisa nje kuphela emazantsi yayo, kodwa eludongeni. Ukunkcenkceshela kuphela emva komiswa zeendawana emva nkqubo wangaphambili.
• Ukufuma kufuneka ngcathu, ne-30%, kodwa ngethuba lokudubula kweentyatyambo angandiswa kakhulu, nto leyo inokwenziwa ngokuvelisa ukutshiza ukuya ku amaxesha amabini ngemini.
• Ukutyebisa makwenziwe ngeendlela ezizodwa orchid kanye ngenyanga ngexesha ekukhuleni kwayo - ukusuka kuMatshi ukuya kuSeptemba. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngocoselelo, ngenxa yokuba, ngokuba unpretentiousness yayo yonke le uhlobo orchid ongazithandiyo etyuwa lomhlaba.

Oku kufuna ukuba orchid Cambria inkathalo. Kwezithole kwenziwa kwimeko embizeni ayisekho ukubonelela isityalo, kodwa kuphela kwisithuba ukuphumla. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, luthe lwancothulwa ngenyameko isikhongozeli endala, iingcambu ahlambe kwaye ufake embizeni entsha zeendawana.

Ukunkcenkceshela aze achumise orchid

Beginners badla ngokucinga ukuba ekuphela kwento efunekayo ukuze kutyatyamba orchid - unakekelo yotyando. Indlela ukunkcenkceshela kakuhle iintyatyambo, kukwabalulekile ukuba ukwazi. Ubukhulu becala oku kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesityalo. Abanye ungathanda ukuba ubunamanzi xa zeendawana sabo ezimanzi ngokupheleleyo phezulu, kunye nezinye, ukuba womile.

Kodwa ke inkoliso orchid ekhaya bakhetha umhlaba ufumile, ngoko xa ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka athathe ingqalelo ukufuma nazo ukutshiza kwenziwa yonke imihla. Xa ikhule care orchid, yotyando (Ifoto ibonisa oku) kufuneka ikhatshwe yamanzi ngomlinganiselo. Ukuba okwethutyana isityalo ukumelana umhlaba owomileyo, lo ukufuma ebangela ukubola kweengcambu, nto leyo inokukhokelela ekufeni kwalo.

Amanzi zokunkcenkceshela kufuneka soft, kutheni kufuneka akhusele okanye ubilise kwakhona. Desirably, lobushushu yaba izidanga ezimbalwa kunomzimba emoyeni. Ehlotyeni, orchid zinkcenkceshelwa ka-3 ngeveki, ngoxa ebusika, nje kabini.

Kuba iintyatyambo etyalwe ngeembiza, emikhumbini yenziwa phezulu, ngokungathi izityalo iingobozi okanye iibhokisi, antywiliselwa kwisingxobo yamanzi imizuzu emihlanu, ngoko ukuvumela ukuba uwutshise ukufuma kwemfuneko.

Ukutyebisa zonke iintlobo zeentyatyambo lwenziwa kanye kuphela ngenyanga ngexesha lokukhula esebenzayo. Ukuthintela salinization le zeendawana, kungakuhle ukuba alternate kunye azihlambele. Awukwazi umgquba orchid ebusika kwaye ithuba lokuphumla, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa kwezichumiso yezimbiwa eyenzelwe eminye imibala.

Kwimeko orchid kubo underfeeding ngcono kunokuba yingozi lokunxibela kwemfuneko.

Ukusikwa nokukhanya

Eyona nto kufuneka umnini orchid - unonophelo yotyando (ukuba kuyimfuneko). Noko ke, ukusikwa kwakhona ichaphazela zombini nokukhula kwayo nezidubula. Kuba ezo izityalo andazi ixesha lokuphumla, oko kufuneka kwenziwe ngaphandle ixesha ngalinye siyaphela. Emva kuwa iintyatyambo off, le yinxalenye sityalo wagawulwa, ushukumisa ukuba zibe zinamaqhina ezintsha kwi axils amagqabi.

Kuxhomekeka iintlobo zeentyatyambo unqanyulwe ngeziqu ngokupheleleyo okanye kuphela indawo apho liqhuma. Kuxhomekeka ubude bayo kuyo kusoloko kufuneka ukususela nge-3 5 kwizintso 'ithule ". Ukuba basinqumla khona peduncle phezu kwabo, uya kuvuselela intyatyambo kubeka kwicala baby entsha.

Xa mbuzo ngento kufuneka liphela iqhume, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba kungakhathaliseki uhlobo azikuthandi ngqo elangeni. Ukukhanya kufuneka kukhanyiseleka, kodwa udlulele. Ukuba ayinalo, intyantyambo uya kuyinika eli uphawu utshintsho umbala igqabi ukuya umbala oluhlaza luthuthu. Ukuba ixesha uthatha inyathelo, baya kuqalisa ukuba tyheli okuwisa, bezama ukuba "sifikelele" kwihlabathi. Kwanele ukususa intyatyambo, ngoko ke zibuyele esiqhelweni.

Xa wethuba elisusela kuMatshi ukuya kuSeptemba-Oktobha siye sabona orchid lokulima, ngoko kuba nzima kakhulu ukukhanya, kodwa kwicala enelanga ye window pritenyat ngcono. Ekwindla nasebusika, phezu koko, kuza uxolo, kodwa oqolileyo amathupha ezintsha kunye namasebe, ukuze ayolule iiyure imini ngoncedo izibane ezibengezelayo, lwalizisa kufuneka kwiiyure ezili-12.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba wanyamekela ngokufanelekileyo ukuze orchid musa begula, kodwa ukuba ngokucwangcisiweyo baphule imithetho, oko kunokukhokelela nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Umzekelo, oku kungabangela iingxaki ezifana:

• Komama amagqabi, nto leyo edla zibangelwa ngumonakalo iingcambu. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukujonga imeko yabo ukususa ngenyameko iingcambu ezonakeleyo.
• Amagqabi ukunika sibange kwi utshintsho ngokukhawuleza lobushushu, ingakumbi emva kokuba ukunkcenkceshela.
• reyi Solar ziyasetyenziswa kurhawula izityalo, nto leyo inkangeleko amabala amnyama, zinemingxuma, kunye kweziqu ezahlukeneyo.
• Amagqabi aqalisa ukuba abune, ukubola, ityala apho inokuba ntwala athambileyo eyomeleleyo ezilalisa phakathi rosettes, okanye amangolwane zesigcawu, eziquka Umsonto wendlu yayo ubuhle of angaphakathi yabo. Ukuze bahlukane kubo, kufuneka ukuba usebenzise yeakharisayidi ekhethekileyo.
• Ukuba intyatyambo uyekile ukuba akhule kwaye entlahleni, kufuneka ujonge ngaphakathi amagqabi, apho aphile nematodes ukuba zidle ayo zayo. Ngokwaneleyo ukusingatha nematicides zezityalo, ukuba ziziswe ebomini.

Ukuba wenza onke uhlobo olukhethiweyo zeemfuneko unonophelo orchid, ngoko ezi ngxaki iphetshwe.

orchid eneentyatyambo

Ukuba orchid abo basandula kuqalisa iyatyayamba na, ngoko wajika pro, ngoko ukuba asithande kwakhe nzima kakhulu. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka zilandele ngqo zonke iimfuno nokunyamekelwa izityalo abangenazigqibo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ezi ntyatyambo aqalile okwentyatyambo ukusuka kwiminyaka emibini.

Ngaphezulu, kufuneka bakhuthazwe, apho kubalulekile ukuba bagcine kolawulo ubukhaphukhaphu uhlobo kakhulu iiyure ezili-12. Ufuna kwakhona ukudala phakathi nomphetho 5-7 degrees phakathi kobushushu air imini nobusuku.

Njengelinge lokugqibela, ungasebenzisa ukutshintsha bume lwesiqhelo, umzekelo, yibambe isibini iiveki kubushushu degrees 16 okanye utsibe yamanzi. neemeko ezigqithisileyo eziyiyo orchid iyatyayamba na. Care emva kweentyatyambo, abohlukeneyo (ukuba kuyimfuneko) ilula. Xa ixesha lokuphumla ukwenza zokuthena intyatyambo udiza athobele iimfuno ezisisiseko unkcenkceshelo, ubushushu umoya kunye nokukhanya.