"Pascal" - ulwimi ... "uPascal" kwabasaqalayo: Inkcazelo

Xa nobukhulu bendawo World Wide Web, unako ukufumana okuninzi iinkqubo kulwimi "Pascal", kodwa kunzima ngakumbi ukuba sibone indlela abasebenza ngayo, yaye zicwangciswe kungasiphi isizathu. Makhe sihlolisise iziseko kweenkqubo kunye!

ulwimi Algorithmic: nezimaphambili ezingundoqo

Kwintetho Indies sisebenzisa iiyunithi esisiseko: abalinganiswa, amagama, amabinzana nezivakalisi yonke. ulwimi Algorithmic unalo isakhiwo efanayo, kodwa iindawo kuyo ingabizwa ngokwahlukileyo. Sithetha ngezinto ezakhiweyo ezingundoqo, amabinzana kunye neengxelo. Zonke ezi yunithi zenze isakhiwo oluneqela elinegunya, njengoko element ngalinye luqokelelane ukusuka ngentla.

Iisimboli ulwimi algorithmic - yinto atom ayahlukahlukenanga esetyenziselwa ukubhala ikhowudi.

design Basic - ezi iiyunithi ubuncinane babe intsingiselo yawo.

amabinzana ulwimi Classic enziwa iiyunithi ezimbini ngasentla kwaye ngokumisela imithetho ukufumana ixabiso olifunayo.

Umqhubi unoxanduva inkcazo inguqu ezithile kuyimfuneko ukwenza oluchanekileyo program. Kusenokubakho eziliqela, xa kukho imfuneko - inkqubo kufuneka enze umsebenzi enzima. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, nanzo zidibene kwibhloko okanye compound nkulumo.

Ulwimi "Pascal"

Kukho inani elikhulu iilwimi kweenkqubo. "Pascal" (kwabasaqalayo kukho ezinye izibonelelo) ngomnye wabo. alphabet Its ubunjwe amanani, iincwadi kunye nabalinganiswa ezizodwa. Nalu uluhlu lwazo:

• 26 Latin abakhulu kunye oonobumba abakhulu nabancinci ;
• underscore;
• zekhadi ezilishumi;
• limiters;
• Iimpawu ukusebenza;
• izixeli;
• ligcinwe kwinkqubo (inkonzo) zelizwi.

Ngaphandle izinto ngasentla, kokwabo iseti angundoqo "blank" ungenako isetyenziswe ngaphakathi isakhiwo kunye ibinzana yeesimboli kabini reserved.

owakha ulwimi iyevakala

"Pascal" kwabasaqalayo iquka imitya, amanani kunye namagama.

Amanani asetyenziswe ikhowudi phantsi kovavanyo, ulwimi lokuprograma idla kubhaliweyo kwinkqubo ngeshumi le. Iiplastiki zombini wokwenene iyonke, akazange athethe kwesishumi. Ukuba inani liyavumelana, uphawu yayo zisalelayo.

"Pascal" - yinto ulwimi lokuprograma algorithmic apho imitya i ukulandelelana abalinganiswa, yavalwa ngayo into. Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa i ikhonco ngokwalo, olu phawu Kubalulekile ukuphawula kabini.

Name - ukulandelelana eqala nge leta kwaye linganazo i ngokuntsonkotha yayo kuqamba. ID ibizwa iithegi, iintlobo, constants, nemisebenzi, iinkqubo, izinto, izinto, kunye neemodyuli. ekhombayo Ndiyila ungasebenzisa unobumba underscore. Igama unokuba eninzi umlinganiswa, kodwa compiler uya ukufunda abalinganiswa 63 zokuqala kuphela. "Pascal", ukuxelwa kwalo zisenokubonakala inzima kakhulu, akunjalo eyoyikekayo, ngoko musa ukusondela ukuba kukoyika kwaye ukuvala iphepha umkhangeli zincwadi!

Njengoko ekhombayo ulwimi azivunyelwa usebenzisa amagama umgangatho constants, iinkqubo, iintlobo iifayile, imisebenzi, kwakunye amazwi nkqubo.

Ukuphucula ukubonakala ikhowudi kuya kunceda emathutyeni, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba bakwazi ukuxoxa amagama kunye neenombolo ke ephakathi.

Syntax ulwimi algorithmic

Umgca ngamnye kufuneka iphele nge semicolon kule program, abhalwe ngolwimi esixubusha ( "Pascal"). Informatics ifundisa abafundi kunye nabafundi, yaye uya kuba nako ukuqonda le mithetho ngokwabo!

Le semicolon (;) - umqondiso kusengaphambili, nto leyo ithetha ekupheleni komgca yangoku kunye nemfuneko bafudukele entsha. Kodwa ngaphandle lwemiyalelo nkonzo ingaba: nengngqi, var, qala kunye nabanye.

Umqhubi okanye iziko livale ekupheleni inkqubo, ngoko emva kokuba ngokuyimfuneko lwandulelwe ingongoma. Ngamanye amaxesha ikhowudi iqulathe attachments ezininzi, ngoko ekuqaleni nasekupheleni block iza kwahlulwa yi semicolon.

Ukwabela ixabiso ethile yomahluko Womendo phambi kokuba uphawu lokulingana kuyimfuneko ukuba ngekholoni. Umzekelo, uya ukucwangcisa n = 13, kwaye ikhowudi iza ukufana n: = 13.

Ukuba ufunda imithetho, ngoko unga kakhulu ngokukhawuleza bafunde ukubhala ikhowudi software ngaphandle iimpazamo syntax.

iingxelo ulwimi Classical "Pascal"

Zahlelwa ikhowudi iphindaphindwe isicelo elizayo kwaye ukusiqhuba nasiphi na isenzo kunokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa ulwimi "Pascal" lisetyenziswa le njongo abasebenzisi ezahlukeneyo. Bonke bephela, asinakukwazi ingqalelo, ngoko ke, siya baqonde nje ezimbalwa.

Umzekelo, ngokukhetha umqhubi uyakwazi ukukhetha enye iindlela ezizezinye zokusisebenzisa esi sicwangciso. Ipharamitha kule meko ibinzana lohlobo ngokulandelelana. Kodwa kukho caveat: le Iqhosha lokukhetha akakwazi asisiso umtya okanye uhlobo lokwenene.

Kodwa kukho iingxelo sabelo, ezinemiqathango, ezihlolwayo kunye engenanto, kwakunye amaqashiso yezinye utyalo luncedo. Ulwazi kuphela abanye babo ikuvumela ukuba ubhale ikhowudi isebenze kakhulu. Abanini bangaxhatshazwa, ngenxa inani labo ezinkulu kwenza nzima debug emafini, ukubhidisa kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda abasemzini program.

Yomqhubi sabelo

Eli binzana ikholoni kwaye atyikitye "zilingana". Isetyenziswa ukuba zinyule variable ethile lixabiso elithile. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba uhlobo amabinzana eziguquguqukayo yaye kufuneka ibe nye kwimeko ukuba ngaba zinxulumene wonke kunye nohlobo kanye, ngokulandelelana. Kuphela meko qondisa ukuguqulwa.

iingxelo compound

"Pascal" - ulwimi lokuprograma esebenzisa ukulandelelana iingxelo inkqubo aliqonde abhijelwe kwizibiyeli ezizodwa. Ibe malunga isakhiwo edityanisiweyo, amagama ambalwa iqale kunye nesiphelo. Esi sisixhobo esibalulekileyo ngolwimi algorithmic nge apho kunokwenzeka khona ukuba ubhale ikhowudi usebenzisa indlela noshowo.

Abaqhubi ulwimi "Pascal", kubandakanywa inxenye yobume ezijongeneyo yahluke kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba akukho ukulinganiselwa. kubunzulu yokwakha nayo ibe eyahlukileyo.

operator olunemiqathango ulwimi lokuprograma

Eli candelo libonelela ukukwazi ukungena ngexesha nkqubo echaziweyo imeko enze isenzo kuxhomekeka kwiziphumo yokwaluka yayo. Ngoko ke, lo umyalelo enemiqathango - yenye indlela ukuyilwa amasebe kwinkqubo ukwenza izibalo.

Ngokwemo, ingxelo kwemiqathango imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

IF khona ABANYE .

Kweli binzana enye, ngoko ke ukuba amagama Phendla, imeko - ibinzana ubhalo kunye nomxholo ngendlela engaqondakaliyo, kunye nabasebenzisi - nayiphi imiyalelo kusetyenziswa ulwimi lokuprograma.

Ubume lwenkqubo ikhowudi

amacandelo Header baqhubi kunye neenkcazelo - ezi iinxalenye eziphambili isicelo esibhaliweyo ngolwimi ezifana "Pascal". technology ulwazi lwenza zihlola ngokupheleleyo ezi zinto uze ufunde ukuyisebenzisa njani kakuhle.

Iheader ngokuqhelekileyo iqulethe igama khowudi. Umzekelo, iNkqubo MyFirst.

Inkcazelo Icandelo kunokuthetha amathala ezidityanisiweyo, iimodyuli, iilebhile, constants, iintlobo, variables, inkcazo isahluko kwemisebenzi kunye neenkqubo.

Candelo liqulathe iinkcazelo ze iimodyuli ngaphakathi amagama eencwadi adityaniswe iqala negama Reserved isebenzisa. Kufuneka abe ngowokuqala phakathi kwezinye zonke iinkcazelo. Amagama Module kufuneka usoloko wodwa ngeziphumlisi.

Nawuphi na umqhubi ikhowudi Unokuyifaka igama lwethikh ukuba ezikhankanywe kwicandelo efanelekileyo inkcazelo.

inkcazelo aguge kuvumela constants kwi ikhowudi ngezantsi ukubhalisa amagama abo endaweni amaxabiso yamanani okanye oluza.

Xa inkcazo yezahlukileyo ezisetyenziswayo kufuneka iquke zonke iintlobo eziya kusetyenziswa: "var c, a, r: elipheleleyo; k, l, m: Isakare; h1, h2: boolean;".

Musa ukulibala ukuba "UPascal" - ulwimi lokuprograma efuna nenkcazelo esisinyanzelo lokuqala onke amacandelo ababandakanyekayo kule nkqubo.

ikhowudi umbhalo Kufuneka iphele ngezhaphaza.

yimizekelo yeeprogram

"Pascal" - oku lulwimi samabanga aphantsi, kwaye uyakwazi ukuqhubeka ngqo ukubhala ikhowudi emva kokufunda le ngcaciso ilapha ngasentla.

Masiqinisekise ukuba isicelo uzisele ikhusi ibinzana «Kuyinto inkqubo yam yokuqala!»

Imizekelo yeenkqubo kwi "Pascal" kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda, ngoko zama ukuyenza loo nto ngoku.

Qala
Writeln (Kuyinto inkqubo yam yokuqala '!);
End.

Loo nto ilula kangaka!

Khangela ikhowudi ezintsonkothileyo ngakumbi, apho unako neengcambu ukufumana i'quadratic equation. Nikelani ingqalelo umgaqo ukuyilwa amabinzana azo.

Ngethemba, le iinkqubo umzekelo kwi "Pascal" baba luncedo kuwe.