Iintlobo ezisisiseko kunye nemizekelo ubuchule elibujikele

Nqaku lijonge ukunika ulwazi olusisiseko yintoni yokuhluzana, leyo ziqhelekile naliphi na inqanaba uqeqesho ulwimi lokuprograma kunye Ndingumqondisi.

Ingqiqo algorithm

Algorithm ulandelelwano lweentshukumo ukuba bafumane isisombululo nayiphi na ikhompyutha okanye enye ingxaki kwinani anesiphelo amanyathelo. Izenzo (imiyalelo) ukulungiselela ukuphunyezwa algorithm zingaphunyezwa elinye emva kwelinye (ngokulandelelana kwawo) ngexesha elifanayo (ngokunxuseneyo) okanye nawuphi na umyalelo, esebenzisa imigaqo nemiqathango yenguqu. Ubuchule zisetyenziswa kuphela lwenkqubo, kodwa kwezinye iindawo, umzekelo kulawulo kweenkqubo imveliso kunye noshishino.

yokuhluzana

I algorithm kuthiwa elibujikele xa kukho izenzo okanye iiseti amanyathelo ekufuneka yenziwe ngaphezu kanye. izenzo Ukuphindaphinda algorithmic umzimba loop. Ukongezelela, umjikelo ngamnye imeko ukuze enze eziphelweni algorithm elibujikele.

Types of ubuchule elibujikele

robin nganye ngeenxa ifaka i loop, okt. E. Ibinzana kusengqiqweni ukuba ichaza itshekhi iza kwenziwa emzimbeni ngokwenzekayo kwakhona, okanye mjikelo lugqityiwe. Ngokutsho indlela ukuphatha zonke ubuchule elibujikele bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amathathu.

Cycle ne sibalulekile

Xa ubuchule ezinjalo imeko ulwandiso elibujikele ikhangelwe phambi ukuhluzwa umzimba loop, okt. E. Apho kukho imfuneko uphindaphindo umjikelo elihambisayo.

Cinga amanani yoshicilelo -5 ukuya 0 umzekelo elibujikele algorithms sibalulekile nje:

Elements of the algorithm:

1. We ungabeka ixabiso lokuqala isiseko bume j, lingana ne ukuya -5.
2. Sihlole imeko ngokwenzekayo. Le meko-HIV, kwaye ke umzimba wabulawa okokuqala.
3. Ngaphezu koko wongezelela kwicandelo j elitshintshayo kwakhona khangela imeko ngokwenzekayo.
4. Lo mjikelo uyaqhubeka yenziwe de ixabiso j incinane kune okanye ilingana zero, kungenjalo ukuphuma umjikelezo FALSE yesebe

Cycle ne postcondition

uvavanyo enemiqathango lwenziwa emva kokuba umjikelo unyango lokuqala, umzimba kwaye ulawula imveliso kulo.

Makhe Ungabala udibaniso ukusuka ku-1 ukuya kwinani n umzekelo ubuchule elibujikele ezisebenzisa postcondition njenge:

1. Siza kuvelisa kakhulu inani n anesiphelo mali ukubala uze usete zero ixabiso lokuqala inani lilonke mali kunye nomjikelo counter i.
2. Yomtya uyabulawa phambi kokuba iimeko uvavanyo lokuqala.
3. Qwalasela imeko kumjikelo, r. E. Ixabiso counter i incinane kune okanye ilingana n.
4. Ukuba ngokoMthetho isiphumo positive, siya iterate kwakhona, okanye agqibe kumjikelo kwaye ovelisa udibaniso ukuya kwidispleyi okanye ushicilelo.

umjikelezo kwemibandela

Ngokwesiqhelo kusetyenziswa ubuchule, xa inani olunqwenelekayo bophindo yomtya yaziwa kwangaphambili, kwaye isoloko isetyenziswa xa esebenza amaqoqo.

Le algorithm iqulathe amacandelo amathathu kwenziwe:

1. Ixabiso ekuqaleni, leyo kuthiwa umjikelo i parameter, t. K. Le variable ilungiswe emva kokuba umjikelo kokubulawa nganye, kwaye imisela ixesha lokugqitywa layo.
2. Ixabiso apho yomtya uphelisa.
3. umjikelezo Step.

Ngaxa nganye, inkqubo nokutshekishwa ukubona ukuba ixabiso lokuqala lingaphezulu lokugqibela. Kwaye ukuba kunjalo, ngoko ke mjikelo lugqityiwe. Kungenjalo, ixabiso yongezwe ukuqalisa ubungakanani nyathelo kwaye ephinda komjikelo. Of baqaphele ngokukodwa kukuba naliphi ndzhendzheleko olungenamiqathango zingenziwa indawo esiyi- enemiqathango okanye postcondition.

Ekwenzeni yokuhluzana kuyimfuneko ukuba zilandele ngqo ezi meko zimbini enyanzelekileyo. Olokuqala ukuphelisa umjikelo, kuyimfuneko ukuba okubhalwe umzimba ngeposi okanye yangaphambili ochaphazelekayo, otherwise ekugqibeleni ungafumana loop engenasiphelo. Kodwa abanye kwimijikelo ezinjalo kusetyenziswa izicelo software. Njengoko umzekelo ubuchule elibujikele ukuba ukubaleka ngokungenammiselo, wena kunokubangela i Windows yokusebenza, esebenzisa angaphezi esingenasiphelo uhlolisiso le mouse ukujonga izenzo lomsebenzisi. Okwesibini, zigqithiswe umjikelo variables kufuneka ibonelele ubuncinane omnye kokubulawa kwakhe.

Ukubala impembelelo

Ukuqinisa ukufunda uya kunika umzekelo ubuchule elibujikele ukubala impembelelo lenani. Le umzekelo umjikelo kunye yangaphambili kodwa zimiliselwe naluphi na uhlobo yokuhluzana.

• Baseline data: data - elipheleleyo, nto leyo elicetyiweyo impembelelo.
• Ifaka System: parameter Cycle i, nto leyo ethatha amanani ukusuka ku-1 ukuya kwinyathelo data c 1.
• Isiphumo: variable impembelelo - data impembelelo, nto leyo imveliso ye integers ukusuka ku-1 ukuya data.

Cinga ngenyathelo algorithm ngu step:

1. I algorithm lifumene inani data, ofuna ukubala impembelelo.
2. Variable impembelelo, nto leyo eya sigcine sisiphumo lokugqibela, kulindeleke ukuba umanyano.
3. Sihlela umjikelo parameter i yaye ixabiso lokuqala lika 1. Ixabiso yokugqibela iya kuba yidatha inani yoqobo. Xa ixabiso counter i mkhulu, yomtya uphelisa.
4. Loop ubalo lwenziwa impembelelo - amaxabiso impembelelo ngoku nanda kunye counter i.
5. Ngokudibanisa enye ixabiso counter, imeko lokukhangela ngokwenzekayo, kwaye xa ngaba isiphumo positive, uyigqibezele.
6. Emva kokugqiba umjikelo, lo uniko entsha ixabiso data impembelelo! Kuhleli ku impembelelo kunye ezibonakalayo okanye eziprintiweyo.