Pavlovsk Palace. St. Petersburg, Pavlovsk Palace

Ukususela ngo-2005 Pavlovsk - kwidolophu encinane ezintle kwisithili Pushkin of St. Petersburg. Sikhoyo kwi Slavyanka River, 30 km ukusuka kwikomkhulu wasentla. De 1796 yaba kwilali Pavlovsk, owasekwa ngo-1777.

A incinane

Ngowe-1777, umhlaba Slavyanka emlanjeni intlambo laba impahla uPawulos Petrovich - i-Grand Duke Romanov. Manor yabizwa ngokuba "kwilali Pavlovsk." Lonke lomculo yezakhiwo wadalelwa kwaye egqibelele phantse iminyaka engama-50. Le paki bayilwa ngumbhali kunye nebhotwe waba Scot Charles Cameron, ngubani wamenywa ukuba iRashiya processing of Tsarskoye Selo. Eziphambili kwalungiswa Pavlovsk Palace sakhiwa kwisiza kwesakhiwo endala ngamaplanga. Ukongezelela Cameron agqitywe kwaye ezihonjiswe ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ababandakanyekayo A. N. Voronihin, K. I. Rossi, J .. Kvarnegi, V. F. Brenna. kwilali Pavlovsk wadalwa njengendawo yokuhlala ehlotyeni komlawuli, kodwa 1788 Paul Petrovich wagqiba ukunikela ngayo umfazi wakhe, eshiya yena Gatchina Palace.

Kwiveki emva kokuba eqale kukaPawulos etroneni, yena ngokwakhe wayalela ukuba ukuthiya ilali kwisixeko Pavlovsk.

Big Pavlovsk Palace

Ngenxa yobukhulu balo eli Isakhiwo kakhulu ngaphantsi namadlelo ezininzi St. Petersburg, kwaye ufana villa etyebileyo kwaye ezintle Italian kwi indlela womzobi Palladio. Undoqo ebhotwe iye kakhulu compact isakhiwo esinemigangatho emithathu-, ngapha nangapha apho kukho amaphiko neegalari egosogoso.

Ekuqaleni, isakhiwo ubuso eyahlukileyo kulowo esizibona namhlanje. Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, neegalari ezo icala ezinemigangatho olunye-zaye zongezwa kamva. olungaphambili phambi ebhotwe ezihonjiswe enezintlu ezisibhozo laseKorinte. Esi sakhiwo ebekwa kunye amajukujuku imiqolo rhoqo zishiyane. Imisebenzi kwi bhotwe kwaziswa ngokomakhi Brenna, owaba nako ukwandisa kakhulu nokwakhela phezu eminqubeni kwicala ebhotwe neegalari. Oku kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba uPawulos wayesondela etroneni.

Le umhombiso elingaphakathi

Pavlovsk Palace, ifoto apho ubona kweli nqaku, kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi imbonakalo yakhe engqongqo kunye uhombiso obutofotofo ingaphakathi. Umgangatho ophantsi features igumbi lokuhlala, igumbi lokulala, ukufunda, igumbi lokutyela. Kumgangatho wesibini kwakukho isakhiwo, ukubhaliswa ebeyinalo umlinganiswa ummeli.

Nali i Holo World kunye neHolo of War. ixesha elithile Wars Hall wadlala indima Sobukhosi Hall Small. Large Sobukhosi Hall waba South Hall Pavlovsk Palace. Structures Area 400 m ^2. Ukuphila zokuhlala, kwakunye staterooms - i isuti, nto leyo ifumaneka kwi kujikelezo ebhotwe. Umgangatho lwesithathu ngokupheleleyo sanikelwa isithuba ofisi.

izakhiwo bamaziko Italian Hall, ibekwe phantsi kwawo. Eyona yomhombiso wakhe waba chandelier eqaqambileyo, ezenziwe ngobhedu iglasi isardiyo ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII. Umhombiso le holo yayihanjelwe Brenna, uCameron, Voronikhin.

indawo park

Ukuba unethamsanqa elaneleyo ukuba beze eSt Petersburg, Pavlovsk Palace kufuneka nakanjani angene isicwangciso yakho indawo. Kufuneka ube ngumnikazi amehlo ukubona Ibhotwe nje kuphela, kodwa park mihle okundijikelezileyo kuyo. Ummandla 600 eka kwaye umzekelo ocacileyo ukwakhiwa park indlela IsiNgesi. Lubonakala ngokugxininisa ubuhle bendalo bendalo engazani nandoda.

Park Zazihonjiswe izakhiwo ezininzi bokwakha: yeentaka, inkundla le izisa ezintathu, imveliso zobisi, ifenitshala Turkish, kuyiwa Italian. Kwi kumgangatho ophezulu ungakwazi ukunandipha imbono emangalisayo entilini lomlambo. Kukho kwakhona indlu ka Friendship. Lo msebenzi imele Cameron itempile antique ngeenxa zonke, iiperimeter apho ibekwe kanellirovannye ntsika Doric ezixhasa lwesakhiwo.

Uhlobo park liquka ubunzima ingcwaba Parade endle Pink zingaphakathi. Ngelo kumda osemazantsi epaki kwitempile encinane kunye ezimnandi kakhulu yamandulo ebizwa ngokuba 'Ilitye eliSisikhumbuzo abazali. " Yakhiwa 1786, i-Grand uKumkanikazi Maria Fedorovna. Ukongeza, kuba ezama phambili imemori umfazi wakhe, wayalela iprojekthi yamangcwaba ayinyamezeleki epitaph "iqabane-injinga."

Pavlovsk e XIX-XX eminyaka

Isiganeko ephambili kule dolophu phakathi kwenkulungwane XIX, - i ukuvela kwi Tsarskoye Selo kaloliwe eyayidibanisa nge St. Petersburg. Terminus waba Pavlovsk. Station project Shtakenshnejdera umyili yaba liziko lobomi umculo ehlotyeni eSt Petersburg. Kwakukho bands esebenzayo G. Mansfeld, B. Bilsen, Strauss the Younger. Ikonsathi olwenziwe MM Ippolitov-ivanov, A. K. Glazunov, kunye nezinye ezininzi abaqambi ezaziwayo-kakuhle kunye neemvumi.

De-1917, i-Pavlovsk Palace wahlala apho kwakuhlala khona loo abalawuli Russian. Ngowe-1918, kwakukho museum "Pavlovsk Palace." Kulo nyaka mnye dolophu ngokutsha imbeko Slutsk revolution V. Slutskaya.

Ngowe-1941 amaNazi bambamba Pavlovsk Pavlovsk Palace sonakaliswa ngamandla. Amashumi amawaka imithi ixakaxiwe, wonakele abo eminqubeni, wazitshisa apho ebhotwe, wabatshabalalisa isikhululo. wakhulula isixeko ngoJanuwari 1944 amajoni Soviet. Yiloo xa efika igama layo zembali oko. Phantse nangoko baqala ukwenza umsebenzi wokwakha, leyo kwaqhubeka de-1971. Ngaloo nyaka kweTrone kunye Cavaliers Hall yavulwa iindwendwe.

picture igalari

Ngokuthe ngcembe liye labuyiselwa kwaye nepaki ngokwayo. Kwalathiswa umsebenzi labazobi SV Popov-Gunich, F. F. oleynik, IG Kaptsyug, Yi Sinica, VB Mozhayskaya. Le nxalenye inxaxheba kubuyiselwa bonke abasebenzi imyuziyam, kwakunye ngumlawuli yayo AI Zelenova kunye umgcini myuziyam AM Kuchumov.

Ukuqokelelwa kwe Pavlovsk Palace

ukubunjwa yabo ngenxa ukuya eYurophu ngabanikazi bayo. Bayisa a iinkosi ezaziwayo-kakuhle, bafumana imifanekiso, imizobo, bronzes, iiseti imveliso yephondo, amalaphu aqhelekileyo silika ekhethekileyo. Museum edumileyo iimveliso zobugcisa kunye zobugcisa arts. Indawo ekhethekileyo kwinkcazelo unikwa ingqokelela yobugcisa yamandulo, imizekelo inkcubeko Russian kunye Western yaseYurophu kwinkulungwane XVIII.

Le myuziyam unalo ingqokelela kakhulu ngokupheleleyo porcelain intle amelwe ekupheleni XVIII kunye ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX. Yasendlini, ingakumbi umdla basem- - umsebenzi iinkosi waseJamani kunye isiFrentshi. umdla olunzulu kunye nemizobo ifanitshala A.Voronihina. Uninzi emagumbini kwibhotwe sele zisusiwe amalaphu ezizodwa. Ukongeza, le myuziyam unalo ingqokelela engaqhelekanga imikrolo, miniatures, imizobo, neendawo newotshi.

Gatchina: Pavlovsk Palace

Esi sakhiwo grand ukwakweli sikunxweme Silver Lake. It yaqalwa ngo-1765 ngokomyalelo uKumkanikazi uCatherine II. Kwaba ibonwe nesisa isipho uKumkanikazi abawuthandayo Bala Orlov. Ngokuba kuye, umakhi Rinaldi zamakhela ibhotwe, okungafani woxande olude ukuzingela ezinde kunye iindinyana komhlaba. ekwakhiweni kwayo yathatha phantse iminyaka eli-16.

Ekungeneni engundoqo oqingqiweyo Markiori Morleytera kunye "Ubulungisa", "iMfazwe", "Uxolo", "Qhaphela". ilitye zendalo yengingqi - okokuqala kwimbali lwezakhiwo Russian lwesakhiwo zijongene izinto zendalo iye isetyenziswe. I Palace yenziwa kunye nesimbo weklasiki, ngaloo mihla, entsha ngokupheleleyo nangaziwayo.

Bala Orlov, umthandi obutofotofo, cwe wasindisa imali ukuze kunikwe yasebhotwe, kwaye emva koko wangena yokuhlala yinzwakazi. Emva kokufa kwakhe, uCatherine uthenge isipho esivela iindlalifa Orlov wabanika ukuba unyana wakhe uPawulos I - ikamva Russian uKhesare.

Umnini entsha walakha Pavlovsk Palace ngokuthanda kwakho. Reconstruction kwayala ngumzobi odumileyo Brennus. Emva kokugqitywa alo ebhotwe ngaxeshanye waqala ukufana iinqaba zokubonisela eyomeleleyo kunye layenza ipoma. iiholo wezasekhaya Changed uhombiso ukwanda kunye namagumbi yolwamkelo, neegalari babe yimizekelo bokwenyaniso classicism Russian XVIII buvele XIX eminyaka.

Ukususela kwiminyaka 1801 ukuya 1828 of Pavlovsky komkhulu behlelo umhlolokazi noPawulos, uKumkanikazi Maria Feodorovna. Maxa wambi, a yokuhlala ekhethekileyo lolukaMongameli Russian: Nicholas Mna, Alexander II, Alexander III, uNicholas II.

Le savuka komkhulu

AmaNazi ngexesha iqhele kwabo ngowe-1944, kunjalo watshisa komkhulu,, enkosi restorers, abasebenzi myuziyam kunye nabancedisi zentlalo Pavlovsk Ibhotwe e Gatchina kwakhona ngokukhawuleza, kodwa imyuziyam waba ifumaneke kuluntu kuphela ngo-1985. Amanye amagumbi Gatchina kwibhotwe kwabuyiselwa imihla yethu.