Classicism Russian njengohlobo izakhiwo

classicism Russian, nto leyo isimbo izakhiwo ukuba zaye zasasazeka kakhulu eRashiya kwiinkulungwane elinesibhozo kwaye yeshumi elinesithoba, ezihlanganiswe izinto eyodwa yokusebenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, ukugcina nemiba kunye plasticity le yokuhlobisa kunye ezimbejembeje. Kamva baqala ukuvela izindlu bamandulo Manor-ndlu, kamva baba imizekelo zokwakha ngamafa lizwe ezahlukeneyo kunye nophuhliso kwizixeko Russian.

Ayaziwa bezakhiwo classical: IE endala, Kazakov MF KI engenanto, VI Bazhenov, Kokorinov AF, Rinaldi, A. and nabanye. indalo yazo enye izahluko ibalulekileyo kwimbali izakhiwo Russian kunye nelifa obugcisa oludlamkileyo, elithi liqhubeke njenge amaxabiso museum, ngokunjalo izinto imizi mihla.

Phambi kokuba kwafuneka ukwakha izakhiwo, classicism Russian ekujongwe ukuba ukudala babizwa ngokuba imizobo noyilo analog, unako ukufunda ngokuchanekileyo indlela zemizobo. Imikrolo lwaza wathumela imizi Russian. Ngenxa yoko, bonke bephela kwakhiwa hlukile ecacileyo Hour edityanisiweyo, iinkcukacha uphambili, ibathwana ngokuvumelana kunye nobungakanani nabubufutshane. Izixhobo kwadityaniswa ngokwamaqela ezisebenzayo, amaphiko icala elidityaniswe iindinyana baseka eyadini. Xa ukwakha kusetyenziswa lwezitena ezibomvu kunye ilitye elimhlophe; sakhiwe ntsika ne entablature, zakhiwe iindonga agudileyo kunye imingxunyana slotted, yefacade kunye isiqabu elikhulu, neengqameko, iiphothali kunye nezinye amagalelo.

Ngoko ke, lo classicism Russian ukuba le mithetho-siseko ilandelayo:

1. Le kwakhiwa isakhiwo ngohlobo kwebhokisi, kwaye ukuba ube nemigangatho emithathu.

2. Indawo yokuhlala kufuneka sibandakanye umzimba esembindini edityaniswe kwi amaphiko amabini, neegalari tye.

3. umzimba engundoqo kufuneka ziphawulwe yi nesezindlu.

4. Imida olungaphambili zithiwe thaca ngohlobo engile ezilula, lweHo- akuthethi zinokuhonjiswa, iifestile buxande zakhiwa, apho Ekungeneni ezi kwemida.

5. umhombiso kuphela isakhiwo kukuba ukukhonza ngaba enkulu nesezindlu (ukuphakama yonke isakhiwo).

6. Columns nangoko iindonga sesicatshulwa.

Esinokubangela ukuba uthi classicism IsiRashiya azimkrobisi aseByzantium nenkcubeko yamandulo Russian, ngexesha elifanayo ezimbejembeje. Ngokomzekelo, isakhiwo alandelayo: Pashkov House, Tsarskoye Selo, Peterhof, i Winter Palace, eMoscow Yeengwevu kunye nabanye.

yayina le isimbo zokwakha zafikelela ngexesha kulwakhiwo St Petersburg. Ngenxa yoko, A. Le Ukonwaba yenzelwe isicwangciso umzi, njengako apho kwakukho isakhiwo elimbhoxo inkwenkwezi-ezimile. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, isiseko engundoqo compositional of St. Petersburg linikwa kwi ngendlela Ababhali.

Ngenxa yoko, indlela entsha bokwakha evelayo eRashiya waza wafumana phezu ukusasazeka kwayo intsimi kwinkulungwane elinesibhozo, iye isetyenziswe ikakhulu kulwakhiwo izixeko Russian. Uchaza ngakumbi ngokuzalwa style GV Moskvicheva ( "classicism Russian." Ncwadi abafundi PED. Institutions). Le ncwadi ichaza labazobi emikhulu kunye nendalo zabo ezizodwa.