Penicillin abangaphangeliyo ubuchule iintsholongwane ukuze akhule lukwavelisa

Esi sixhobo ivunjululwe phantse kwekhulu leminyaka aza wazisa amayeza ukuya kwinqanaba entsha lonke. izifo ezininzi zezidalwa siyanyangeka emva lokuvula yayo. It penicillin - olwa yokuqala.

Penicillin abangaphangeliyo amagciwane kuyondelelaniswe zabo, into ethintela uphuhliso kunye ezintsha. Ixabiso yokuvulwa indlela kwikhemesti zibalulekile. Namhlanje penicillin usindisa ubomi. Kodwa phambi kokuba wavula? Ngubani owenza lo kuluntu? Malunga eli nqaku.

Yintoni penicillin

Penicillin abangaphangeliyo ukukhula iintsholongwane kwaye yimveliso kwenkunkuma (kuyondelelaniswe) loMthetho ngundo IPenicillium. Olu hlobo ngumngundo ngundo.

Yintoni ekhethekileyo kakhulu ngale nto? Kwanabo Sexy izifundo biology wesikolo, ubuncinane isibini amaxesha bathe baliva ilizwi, "bacterium" kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukwazi ukuba ezi amagciwane zombini nempembelelo entle emzimbeni womntu (lactobacilli, bifidobacteria) kunye ngokungalunganga. Ezinye 'kwanezilo "omncinane ludala izifo eziyingozi: meningitis, isifo sephepha, inyumoniya, ukubola komqala - kuphela ekhulwini kubo. Penicillin abangaphangeliyo iintsholongwane iinkqubo ebalulekileyo (bona ngezantsi), kunokuba ayeke ukwanda kwabo. Oko kukuthi, ukuba uhlobo inyathelo siye wachaza into leyo a zintsholongwane olubanzi-omoya.

A incinane

Ngowe-1928 (malunga nenkulungwane eyadlulayo), kwi-nzulu elebhu Aleksandra Fleminga yaba ukuqondana lilishwa ukuba eziphilayo. Kwazenzekela kwisikhundla sakhe ekuhlwayeleni iintsholongwane got sande. Yaye ngoxa izazinzulu babezibuza ukuba mabenze ntoni inkqubo zovavanyo ezaphukileyo, waphawula ukuba iintsholongwane ngaphakathi etankini into engalunganga. Njengoko sele uyazi, penicillin abangaphangeliyo lo kudibaniso ntsholongwane kokuvala ukwanda kwabo. Uzalwa isiphumo bactericidal sande amangaliswe kwaye waxakeka Fleming. Le ngozi kwaphawula ukuqala uphando. Kodwa ke ukunyanga i-zintsholongwane lokuqala baqalisa engamashumi amabini kuphela.

Ngowe-1940-1941, izazinzulu British Howard chlorine kunye Ernst Chain banikezela ngolwazi lwabo nomdla zokufumana penicillin waza waqalisa ekuphumezeni oko Pharmacology. Ekupheleni yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi, ngowe-1945, ezi izazinzulu novulindlela Fleming kube waphumelela Prize Nobel.

Indima ngexesha lokufunyanwa penicillin ukuba amayeza, okanye yintoni ngaphambili

izifo ezininzi ezimbi, nangoko uthatha ubomi kunye nempilo yabantu, yinto kubulela ezidlulileyo ekufumaneni olwa yokuqala. Iimpawu zentsulungeko zoMgaqo-inkqubela kwezenzululwazi zibalulekile. Nale ndiyavuma wonke umntu owakha ubunzima ukusuka igciwane.

Penicillin abangaphangeliyo protein kudibaniso ntsholongwane, okt, akunjalo micro-eziphilayo ukukhula nande, yaye ngoku, enkosi iindidi antibiotics ngenxa yezigulo zakhe ezininzi steel esinokunyangwa phantse akukho iziphumo eziphilayo. Kunzima kwaye eyoyikisayo ukucinga ukuba akusoloko.

A leminyaka eyadlulayo (hayi embindini, okanye kwaphela, i Stone Age, njengokuba abaninzi) abantu abaye babulawa zizifo ukuba ngoku ngokuzingca uyiweze ngeenyawo zakhe, ngokunciphisa ukuba neqaqobana iipilisi ezahlukeneyo. angina Banal ukuthwala ubomi bomntu iveki, inyumoniya - oluikhawuleza kakhulu. A meningitis yayigqalwa asikuko nokuba kuyabulala, ukuba bekukho abasindayo, baphulukana umsebenzi wabo yengqondo phantse yonke, nesi sifo singanyangekiyo eyaba eyaziwa ngokuba 'isela ka mianakanyo. " Ukufunyanwa penicillin ukuba abangaphangeliyo ukukhula iintsholongwane kunye nokukwazi ukuba niphila kusindiswa amawakawaka abantu ukusindisa izigidigidi. amagciwane abaninzi boyisiwe ngoncedo izazinzulu. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba penicillin (okanye mandithi umngundo kunye neziqhamo nkqu eqinisa inkamela) kwaye baphathwe phambi kokuvulwa. Noko ke, kuphela ukwamkelwa ngokusemthethweni iimveliso ezinzwaneni zintsholongwane pathways yenziwa ifumaneke kubo bonke.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe penicillin namhlanje

Nangona yokuba emva kokufunyanwa olwa yokuqala, izazinzulu abavela kumazwe amaninzi bayivula elinye iqela-ntsholongwane, penicillin - isisombululo ngempumelelo unyango lwezifo ezininzi ezosulelayo. Esebenzisa uvakalelo ka ezininzi ezimbi-Igram kunye neentsholongwane Igram-HIV. Hi xikombiso, le streptococci ikuyo kunye staphylococci, Ezi, awayengabemi umhlaba kunye ebangela ubuncinane nerhashalala, ubuninzi - sisifo esibi - iintsholongwane ukubola komqala ezibangela meningitis kunye nenyumoniya, tonsils suppurative kunye amathumba esosulelayo.

Yeyiphi iphathwa kunye antibiotics penicillin

Sinikezela uluhlu sezifo ukuba baphathwa ngoku antibiotics penicillin ( "Amoxiclav" yaye "ampicillin", "Bitsillin", "Augmentin"):

• fever ebomvu.
• tonsils Acute (angina).
• Inyumoniya.
• Udila.
• Rheumatism.
• erysipelas enzima.
• Meningitis umyalezo yebhaktiriya.
• Nokudumba.
• Staphylococcal kunye nosulelo streptococcal.
• izilonda engenwe imvelaphi esibuhlungu okanye postoperative.

Njengoko unokuthelekelela, olu luhlu ayiphelelanga. Enye aureus kuphela lweendidi eziliqela yaye ebangela inqwaba yezifo. Penicillin abangaphangeliyo iintsholongwane iseli udonga kudibaniso ngaphezu zokumisa zabo ukuzala, onika ubomi.

Inzuzo penicillin

UNYE umdibanise antibiotics penicillin ngcelele ukusebenza kwayo unomoya emzimbeni womntu. antibiotics enamandla Modern ngamanye amaxesha zisebenza kwi lo mgaqo "iqela bamhluba" - ukuba ungene emzimbeni, konakalisa zonke microflora - zombini yayintsholongwane eyosulela nezilungileyo, eziyimfuneko ukuze yokusebenza olwaneleyo amathumbu kunye amajoni omzimba. Penicillin abangaphangeliyo ukukhula iintsholongwane kunye nophuhliso, ngoko emva kokuba kutshatyalaliswe ezincinane yayintsholongwane eyosulela iintsholongwane ezintle, kuyimfuneko ukuba ahlale ephila, kodwa urhulumente odandathekileyo. imali yabo kulula kwakhona ngoncedo iimveliso zobisi okanye izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ekhemesti. Isenzo penicillin, nangona abaninzi ubizo lixesha olusebenzayo isibulala-zintsholongwane, kodwa ezithambileyo, ngoko kubhaliwe emiselwe, nokuba kubelekwa. Hi ndlela leyi, staphylococcus, ngaphambili kuyo imizi maternity kunye nezibhedlele, alisuse ubomi kwiintsana, ngenxa penicillin akanangozi.

Njengoko penicillin abangaphangeliyo amagciwane

le sixhobo isebenza njani? Zama ukuchaza iziphumo zayo, yaye yintoni ndabona Alexander Fleming ngenkulungwane yakhe ofisi wakhe.

Iintsholongwane - ukumelana kakhulu izinto ezimbi iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye iintlobo bahlala ngokuzolileyo kwi udaka mlilo okanye ice arctic. Ewe, kuyo yonke indawo - kumhlaba kunye namanzi, ukutya, izilwanyana ezinoboya, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Kodwa akukho mfuneko nokungoyiki kuzimela kwigumbi engenazintsholongwane - ukuba umzimba wakho inkqubo isempilweni kwaye womelele wokugonyeka usebenza kwi lisebenze kangangoko, yoloyiko kweentsholongwane ayikho imfuneko. Abanye baye bahlala ngokukhululekileyo emzimbeni wethu yaye luyasebenza kuphela emva luxinzelelo olungamandla okanye buthathaka ngayo.

Xa uhlasela iintsholongwane, kukho usindiso - i olwa nawo. Umzekelo, penicillin (abangaphangeliyo DNA kudibaniso ntsholongwane kwaye uthintele buphindwe). Yenzeka njani le nto? Ukuba ungene zintsholongwane yegazi lomntu wonke umzimba. Iipokotho osulelo ngokukhawuleza wabafumana. Endaweni "dislocation" amagciwane penicillin ingena inwebu kwaziwe eyeka yokuqaphela zabo. Iibhaktheriya balahlekelwe ukukwazi kwabo ukondla akhule, leyo, ngokulandelelana, nisingise ekufeni kwabo.