"Moskvich-2150", lo SUV ukususela kwixesha elidlulileyo: iinkcukacha, iifoto

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba eSoviet Union yaba uluhlu wayethozamile kakhulu iimoto. Oku kubangelwa ukuba yokunqongophala izimvo, kunye nenkqubo lwezoqoqosho nopolitiko kurhulumente. Ngoko ke, ukuba lenze iqela leeprojekthi langutana kunye nezisombululo eliphezulu okanye engaqhelekanga yobugcisa okanye iimatshini nje mihla, kodwa uninzi lwabo akamkelwanga imveliso serial. Okulandelayo, cinga enye yezi moto - "Moskvich-2150".

iimpawu

Lo mshini prototype khange owayekhuliswe ukuya kwimveliso series. Kuyinto compact isithuthi kwindlela umkhweli eyenzelwe MZMA ngokusekelwe AMAGQABAZA ▸ lwangaphambili kunye neemodeli zemveliso.

indaba

Okwangoku le mveliso imoto izihlandlo eziliqela izame ukwenza oomatshini off-endleleni. Noko ke, akukho namnye iiprojekthi hayi ndizuze yimpumelelo. Le ilandelayo ke imbali uphuhliso kwezi zithuthi.

"Moskvitch 410", 411

Ngowe-1957, ngokusekelwe imifuziselo compact 402 no 407 iimoto MZMA-wheel-drive zaye yenzelwe "Moskvich-410" kwaye 411 ngo iBMW wagon ngokulandelelana. Ukususela oomatshini original ukuba bafumana isakhiwo inkxaso lomzimba, nto leyo lwesamente. Ngokuphawulekayo batshintsha njani kwisisu semoto kunye powertrain. Iibhulorho indawo engqongqo ngakumbi ukunqunyanyiswa ozimeleyo ngaphambili - luxhomekeke, absorbers umothuko owawusisibonakude - lever, wabeka ityala transfer. Isiphumo imoto umkhweli kunye sobume komhlaba we-220 mm, ekwaziyo ukuwela ubunzulu ukuya ku-0.3 m. Ezi matshini zibekiwe ukuya kwi-sikhokelo ezafumana ngexesha kwenkqubo yophuhliso analogue SUV ekhululekile, ebezikhona-wheel iimodeli drive umkhweli.

"Muscovite-410" kwaye 411 akhuphisana GAS-M72, yenzelwe ecaleni imigca efanayo. Ngenxa yoko, uvavanyo zintsingiselo zantswelo zaye zachongwa. Ngenxa yoko, umzimba kwaba ezinzima, kunye transfer case - elala neli ivuke neliya. Ukongeza, le moto udidekile kunene ngenxa ukunqunyanyiswa abantamo kunye transmission enengxolo. Ekugqibeleni, siye wabonisa xenga kunye nolawulo nzima. Oku kungenxa zimpawu leeyunithi babesebenzisa. Yotshintsho nzima, kwaye zisekelwe phezu koku abayili MZMA wagqiba ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukudala zonke-wheel moto drive kwi isisu semoto eqhelekileyo, nangona irhasi iza kuqhubeka uphuhliso kwesi skim.

"Moskvich-415", 416

Ngoko, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukuphuhlisa MZMA isisu semoto ngamnye kweZithuthi ngaPhandle kwendlela. Ngomnyaka efanayo sidale 'Moskvich-415 ". Ukusuka AMAGQABAZA ▸ ongaphambili yena yayahluke ngokuyintloko bubukho yesakhelo Spar, ukunika ubunzima ngaphantsi namandla elide ngakumbi. PPC kudityaniswe ityala wotshintsho. Ukurhoxiswa esetyenziswa kwi projekthi 410. Xa ekuphuhliseni uyilo swi nga Willys. oomatshini nazo ziyafana kakhulu ngokombono ngokubanzi: zombini SUV isakhelo compact bawandise kuyilo lula. Xa version yiSoviet ye kwezona ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo kakhulu koomatshini MZMA serial.

Ngowe-1960 Wayisondeza i "Moskvich-416", ezinomfanekiso-etekisini ezintandathu cabin yezitshixo (415 mfuziselo i-etekisini ezine) kunye nomzimba ezivaliweyo. Kungekudala emva koko, i-injini ukuqala indawo ne-M-408. Noko ke, nangona uyilo yimpumelelo kakhulu, aba iimoto nto ndizuze ngokubanzi. Oku izizathu ngenxa ezintathu. Okokuqala, lo matshini khange eseziphononongiwe ngaBaphononongi bakwa-Ministry of industry. Okwesibini, umthamo zesityalo zafakwa ngokupheleleyo. Okwesithathu, wakhonza njengesiseko yemifanekiso igqalwa iimoto 410 no 411 yi ngexesha ethatyathwe imveliso, ngoko ke ukusebenzisa iinkcukacha zabo ezilahlekileyo inzuzo.

"Moskvich-2148", 2150

Nangona kunjalo, i "Moskvich-415" kwaye 416 zasetyenziswa xa bekuqulunqwa le imoto "Moskvich-2150", kunye 2148, zingeniswe ngowe-1973, oomatshini wadala ngaphakathi kurhulumente zodidi projekthi SUV compact ukuba abahlali kwilali, apho okhuphisana Iz-14 kunye Vaz-2121. Iimoto ezintsha prototype "Moskvich" (AZLK) nobunye kunye modeli ngo-2140, ngelo xesha ulungiselelwa imveliso. Total wakha iimoto ezimbini, enye nophahla ngqongqo (2150), enye - kunye ngelaphu (2148). Ukususela AMAGQABAZA ▸ 415 no 416 "Moskvich-2150," yaye ngowe-2148 bafumana isakhelo Spar, asi ngqongqo kunye nemithombo esinzima, njalo njalo. D. Ngenxa yoku, kuphela AZLK thaca SUV yoyilo Classic kukhuphiswano. I-injini wathabatha kwi "Moskvich-412", kodwa iguqulwe kancincane ngokunciphisa ratio ucinezelo.

test imoto "Moskvich-2150" zaye zabanjwa. drive Test ngaphakathi kwabo wabonisa umnqamlezo phezulu. Noko ke, iziphene ziye zaphawulwa kwaye nokwakhiwa.

Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, imveliso ubunzima Vaz wahamba uyilo ngakumbi obutofotofo, isebenziseka ezintsha. Kukholelwa ukuba iprojekthi AZLK walahlwa ngenxa yezizathu zezopolitiko. Noko ke, ngenxa ubeko zoqobo, nto leyo kwase emotweni "Moskvich", uphawu umkhosi wayo itsale ingqalelo. Nangona kunjalo AZLK azinazo izinto zokunceda abantu ukuze ndisimise mba ngo-2150 no 2148, ngoko ke, iSebe lezoKhuselo izicwangciso kwanokuphucula kwisebe Kineshma ekuveliseni amawaka 60. Oomatshini wonyaka. Noko ke, le projekthi akazange athabathe indawo, njengoko na uxhaswe.

Kunyaka olandelayo emva kokuba ngo-2150, yaye ngowe-2148 baqalisa uphuhliso SUV kunye ukunqunyanyiswa ezizimeleyo kunye nezinye ezintsha zobugcisa. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yaphazamiseka kakade 1975 ngokunxulumene kokufa omnye abayili, ukugxininisa SUV. Kulo msebenzi ngalo mba ( "Moskvich") AZLK waguquka.

Kude kube kwisiqingatha sesibini-80. ngaphakathi inkampani ziye iziphakamiso ukuvuselela projekthi 2150 (2148), kodwa ke ngelo xesha zonke izibonelelo zesityalo, njengesiqhelo, babexakekile.

Ngenxa yoko, wahlala iikopi 2 imoto "Moskvich-2150". SUV kwangaphambili sigcinwe kuzo zombini iinguqulelo. Egcinwe museum imoto Retro. Njengoko ngokuba AMAGQABAZA ▸ ezidlulileyo, owaziwa lokusinda "Moskvich-415S" kunye umzimba 415 le moto kwase "Moskvich". Photo 2150 kakuhle kakhulu, kanti ezinye iinguqulelo kwakukho imifanekiso kakhulu ezineenkcukacha ezikoovimba.

umzimba

Isithuthi emelwe emzimbeni emnyango-ntathu embodiments, ukuba nzima kwaye phezulu ethambileyo (bhasi kwaye chaise ngokulandelelana). Le moto sesibini mayixhotyiswe umqulu bar. Xa kuthelekiswa ne AMAGQABAZA ▸ re-yenzelwe odlulileyo. Zombini zimoto izibambo usebenza kunye footrests ngezantsi kwindlu nganye. Kulo mzekelo, iihenjisi baba lwangaphandle. 2150 ziyaxhotyiswa ngokuwatshibiliza iifestile (ngo-2148 kwakukho kuphela piece ifestile enye). Ngokukhanya, ngaphandle kuluhlu ukususela 412 imodeli namba plate ukhanyiso adjustable, abolekwe irhasi-66. Izisuli safudukela emazantsi iglasi, ngokungafaniyo AMAGQABAZA ▸ iimoto zangaphambili "Moskvich". Amafoto zibonisa umahluko phakathi kweenguqulelo. Ezimotweni ingqalelo itanki ezimbini kukudla 60 L kumacala omabini umzimba wafunyanwa. Kakhulu ibekwe ngendlela engaqhelekanga ivili spare: isahlulo ngasemva kwicala lasekunene. Oku kwenziwa ukuze kube lula ukusetyenziswa ucango emva, njengoko inikeza unikezelo hayi kuphela gumbi imithwalo, kodwa ngayo ne elingaphakathi, kwakunye ukuphepha unokukhawuleza kwayo phantsi umthwalo ukusuka kweevili.

Abenzi bemeko- ukusebenza kujongwe yesithuthi kwiimeko ezinzima emaphandleni apho N inkonzo abanobuchule, ngoko kuyilo yayo wazama ukuqinisekisa lula kakhulu kwaye lula. Ngoko ke senza amanqaku ukuthambisa ajikeleze 6 kuphela.

Ubukhulu Lilonke ke m 3,615 ubude, 1,626 m ububanzi kunye 1,85 m ukuphakama. Wamavili ngu 2.27 m, ukulandelela zombini nezamazembe -. 1.27 m parameters ezimbini zokugqibela zanyuswa kuthelekiswa kwisisu semoto iqala. Ukuvimbela ubunzima - 1.05 tonnes.

Njengoko inzuzo enkulu phezu okhuphisana kwabayili waphawula kumcacele kwaye ixesha elide kwisakhiwo kukwisakhelo isithuthi "Muscovite-2150". Avtolegendy USSR phakathi SUV, afana ndingaz-69, UAZ-469, kwakunye olufanayo nabantu behlabathi xesha, yaba scheme efanayo. Vaz-2121 kule mbono yaba imoto ilungileyo.

Ukongeza, nabayili zigxininise eyiyo malunga nezinto ekuveliseni koomatshini efunekayo 1/3 inani UAZ-469 metal.

injini

Mu kuya kwa nshita imifuziselo 415 no 416, kwi "Moskvich-2150" efakiweyo injini M-412. Lakhe iguqulwe kancinane, bewuhlisele ucinezelo ratio ku 7.25 ukuvumela ukusetyenziswa 76 eyayinepetroli emaphandleni. Le isiBeki-4-cylinder powerplant ilitha 1.5 kunye semigudu 2 akwitankana eba 75 l. a. amandla 5800 vol. / min kunye 111,8 NM torque ngo 3800 ISityhi. / min.

inkqubo exhaust olwenziwe ecaleni ecaleni lomkhumbi. okupholisa inkqubo isinqandi ixinene. I-injini kufakwa kokuqala preheater.

transmission

Vehicle mayixhotyiswe ngesantya-4 transmission manual.

Njengokuba iiprojekthi ezidlulileyo, ubeko yaqhubeka Classic drive lonke-wheel, "Moskvich-2150" yaye wacofa asi engaphambili. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, xa kunokwenzeka enye ukudluliselwa mayixhotyiswe ityala transfer 2 isantya-. Kwizixhobo ezongeziweyo (winches, iimpompo, njalo-njalo. D.) Ukuvumela i PTO kulowo. Imizila - apheleleyo kunye ezidadayo ngokupheleleyo emigodini asi. -Slip diff na locking positive.

Okhuphisana babe elinye icebo drive epheleleyo.

chassis

design Undercarriage phantse ngokuyephi abolekwe kwase 415 no 416. Kuphela ukunyuka umkhondo kunye ivili isiseko uzinzo kakhulu. Zombini ukumiswa - on imithombo ezimbini longitudinal semi-okweqanda igqabi. Ifakwe imivalo somfanekiso.

Clearance yi-220 mm.

Isixhobo esungulayo na isakhiwo gqith nge roller umbungu kunye ikama kabini.

Iziqhoboshi - igubu kuzo zonke amavili amane.

amavili 15-intshi izinto zomgunyathi amavili kunye amatayari off-endleleni. Onyuswe kwi iibheringi ibhola, kangangokuba phendula kwi sesiqhelo ezahlukeneyo emboxo.

kakhulu Enye classical off-kwendlela ukunqunyanyiswa yokwakha ngenxa yokuba imoto wadala ukusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezinzima. Lo mahluko eziphambili sikhuphisana ukuba babe ekunqunyanyisweni ngaphambili ezimeleyo.

ingaphakathi

Lo matshini ibamba abantu 6. Ngaphezu koko, ukufikelela izihlalo ngasemva ngenxa iingcango olunye-igqabi diff kunye emacaleni kunye footrest. Izihlalo eziphambili esinye kuphela hlengiso longitudinal. Yangasemva thaca nezihlalo kabini ibekwe ecaleni iibhodi. Oko kukuthi, i-layout abolekwe ukusuka 'Moskvich-416 ", yaye esetyenziselwa Uguqulelo lwe open ka 2148. Le lenjongo ngaphambili waba iimpawu zokhuseleko kwisixando sokwenziwa. Ukongeza, umhlathi ivili lokuqhuba waba ibhakede. Right ngaphaya umkhweli isihlalo-imvelaphi inyuselwa ngesiphatho.

Izihlalo bakhulise kufuneka Intwana yokukhwabusha umqamelo kabini ukwandisa isithuba umthwalo.

ukusebenza uqhuba

kwesona santya siphezulu "Muscovite-2150", yaye 2148 yi-105 km / ngeyure (120 km / h kwezinye data). Iimvavanyo baye babonisa ukuba Qinisekisa ukususa Ipeyinti ezahlukeneyo (intlabathi, udongwe, elima;) kwaye ndinokukwazi ukuloyisa izibuko le ubunzulu 0.6 m. Le isitokhwe amafutha ngo-120 l naniswele ngomgama abawuhambileyo ongaphezu kwe-500. Oomatshini bakwazi bemlandela erhuqwayo ukukhathaza ukuya kwi 0,35 m.