Photo kunye biography Artura Konan Doyle. anika umdla

Kakade ke, xa igama izandi Artura Konan Doyle, ukhumbula ezininzi nangoko nomfanekiso odumileyo Sherlock Holmes, owadala omnye wababhali inkulu elinethoba kunye kwiinkulungwane omabini. Noko ke, bambalwa siyazi ukuba umbhali kunye hero yonke inkcaso wayekho, olu khuphiswano bungwanyalala, apho nomcuphi qwa izihlandlo eziliqela ufekethe wabatshabalalisa ebuhlanti. Kwakhona ayaziwa kubafundi abaninzi nje indlela ubomi okwahlukeneyo entsha yaba Doyle, zingaphi wayenza uncwadi kunye noluntu ngokubanzi. Ubomi angaqhelekanga lombhali ogama Arthur Conan Doyle, izibakala umdla kokuphila, imihla, njl Ngaba thaca kweli nqaku.

Ebuntwaneni umbhali elizayo

Arthur Conan Doyle wazalwa ngo May 22, 1859 usapho wegcisa. Indawo yokuzalwa - isixeko Edinburgh, eScotland. Ngaphandle kokuba usapho Doyle xa nosizi ngenxa esingapheliyo entloko butywala yentsapho, inkwenkwe yakhulela clever afunda. Uthando lweencwadi sele zagonywa ebuntwaneni ekuqaleni, xa unina Arthur, uMariya wachitha iiyure ezininzi uxelele umntwana wakho ezahlukeneyo amabali, elinesihloko uncwadi. A ezahlukeneyo izinto ukusuka ebuntwaneni, iincwadi ezininzi ukufunda erudition wakhokela indlela phambili, eyayibanjelwe Artur Konan Doyle. biography emfutshane umbhali Mbasa imi ngolu hlobo.

nokukhetha imfundo kunye namakhondo

Imfundo yombhali elizayo wahlawula izalamane sisityebi. Wafunda kuqala esikolweni wamaJesuit, ngoko watshintshelwa Stonyhurst, apho uqeqesho wayezimisele ngokwaneleyo kwaye yaziwa lwendalo yayo ebalulekileyo. imfundo esemgangathweni ophezulu ngexesha elifanayo akuthethi lulungisa ubuzaza sokuhlala kwakho kule ndawo - kwiziko lemfundo ngenkuthalo benza kakhulu ukohlwaywa ngokubethwa, ezibe phantsi bonke abantwana ngaphandle calulo.

Ukukhwela, nangona iimeko ezinzima zobomi, liye laba indawo apho uArthur waqonda umnqweno wakhe ekudalweni kwemisebenzi loncwadi kunye nokukwazi ukwenza ishishini. Ngelo xesha bekukusasa kakhulu ukuthetha ngayo italente, kodwa ke umbhali elizayo zaqokelelana oontanga lenkampani, ibali elitsha ngokungagungqiyo ofunda abanetalente.

Ekupheleni yoqeqesho kwikholeji Doyle wenza ingqalelo ethile - wapapasha iphephancwadi kubafundi wabhala eninzi yesihobe, ebelisoloko wafumana indumiso eliphezulu phakathi kwabafundi nootitshala. Ukongeza ekubhaleni likhoboka, uArthur kakuhle ngempumelelo yeqakamba, kwaye kangoko xa wafudukela kangangexesha elithile eJamani, kunye nezinye iintlobo umsebenzi ngokwasemzimbeni, efana nebhola ekhatywayo kunye luge.

Xa kwafuneka enze isigqibo malunga yintoni umsebenzi ukufumana, a langutane ni incomprehension phezu yinxalenye yentsapho yakhe. Native kulindeleke ukuba inkwenkwe emanyathelweni ookhokho bakhe wobugcisa, kodwa Arthur ngebhaqo waba nomdla amayeza phezu ukuphikisa umalume wakhe nonina, wangena University of Edinburgh kwi-Faculty of Medicine. Kwaba apho wadibana utitshala imicimbi yezonyango uYosefu Bell, owayesele prototype ukuba indalo elizayo umfanekiso odumileyo Sherlock Holmes. Doctor of Science Bell kwakukhona umlinganiswa enzima kunye nobuchule bengqondo emangalisayo ezikuvumela ukuba ngoxilongo abantu imbonakalo yazo ngokuchanekileyo.

Doyle family abantwana abaninzi, yaye ukongezelela Arthur, oko bezisa abantwana ezintandathu. Uyise ngelo xesha wayephambene, yaye akukho bani uhola, njengoko unina shi ngokupheleleyo kwimfundo wembewu. Ngoko ke, umbhali elizayo wafunda kakhulu kwinkalo ukukhawulezisa, kunye nokukhulula ixesha esingelwe part-time njengento ugqirha oncedisayo.

Kokuba ufikelele kwiminyaka yobudala engama-mabini, uArthur ubuyela ukuzama ukubhala. Ukusuka ngaphandle usiba lwayo amabali eziliqela mfutshane, ezinye kwizinto iimagazini print-yaziwa. Arthur ekukhuthazayo ithuba lokuba bafumane nge uncwadi, yaye uyaqhubeka lokubhala kunye nabapapashi banikele iziqhamo zabo zomsebenzi, ngokufuthi ngempumelelo. Amabali eshicilelweyo yokuqala Artura Konan Doyle waba "Secrets Sesassa Valley" yaye "The Story of an American."

biography Medical Artura Konan Doyle: umbhali nogqirha

Biography Artura Konan Doyle, usapho, okusingqongileyo, ukungafani kunye uhambo engalindelekanga ukusuka umsebenzi omnye komnye mnandi kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ndihluthi, ndizamkele nje ngo-1880 isindululo ukuthatha kwisithuba ugqirha ekwinqwelo inqanawa ebizwa ngokuba "Ithemba", uArthur enqanaweni kwi hambo lwathatha iinyanga ngaphezu kwe-7. Ngenxa amava amatsha umdla kuza elinye ibali, ebizwa ngokuba "Captain" ye North Star. "

Sense of adventure zixutywe ukunxanelwa bobuchule kunye nothando umsebenzi, yaye ekupheleni University of Arthur Conan Doyle amalungiselelo ngugqirha ekwinqwelo le nango- inqanawa phakathi Liverpool kunye kunxweme West Afrika. Noko ke, enoba mhle ngayo wajika uhambo nyanga-ezisixhenxe Arctic, nokungafunekiyo ngoko lo Afrika eshushu kuye. Ngoko, kungekudala washiya inqanawa waza wabuyela emsebenzini elilinganisiweyo eNgilane njenge ngugqirha.

Ngowe-1882, uArthur Kwinan Doyle uqala umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala sezonyango Portsmouth. Ekuqaleni, ngenxa yokuba inani elincinane labaxhasi izilangazelelo Arthur kwakhona bedinga ngakwicala uncwadi, nokukhanya kukho amabali ezinjalo ngeli xesha ngokuthi "ebisenyobeni Blumensdayksky" yaye "joke lweziDenge ku-Epreli." Kwaba in Portsmouth Arthur idibana lwakhe uthando - Elmu Wealden, apho uza kutshata, kodwa ngenxa ende hlakalo isibini isigqibo kwikhefu. Yonke iminyaka elandelayo, uArthur waqhubeka ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwemisebenzi emibini - amayeza kunye noncwadi.

Umtshato kunye ukuphumelela noncwadi

Sibi yaba isicelo kummelwane wakhe Pike ukubona isigulane mnye, umguli kunye meningitis. Oko kwaba ndingenathemba, kodwa wayebukele kuye isizathu uthandana udade wabo ogama Louise, esele ngo-1885, uArthur wayedlala emtshatweni.

Emva ngokutshata velela baqala ababhali mafikizolo ukukhula ngokuthe chu. Waba encinane impumelelo iincwadi wanamhla kwiimagazini, ndandifuna ukwenza into enkulu kunye enkulu eyayiza kuba wachukumisa iintliziyo zabo zokufunda kunye sangena ngamntu mnye ehlabathini koncwadi kangangeenkulungwane. Kule noveli "A ISifundo e Ebomvu", epapashwe ngo-1887 kwaye eyokuqala ukuya lehlabathi Sherlock Holmes. Ngokutsho Doyle kakhulu ukubhala inoveli kwaba lula ngakumbi ukufikelela ukushicilela yayo. Ikhangela abo banqwenela ukuba apapashe incwadi kwathatha iminyaka emithathu. Intlawulo indalo yokuqala enkulu 25 kuphela uneemina.

Ngowe-1887, kubandakanya umlinganiswa enemvukelo uArthur kuye adventure entsha - ukufunda kunye ukusebenzelana nemimoya. A indlela entsha yeNkosi eyayicace umdla amabali amatsha, ingakumbi, kwaye malunga nomcuphi odumileyo.

Le usukuzwano ngesimilo sakhe zoncwadi wadala

Emva "A ISifundo e Ebomvu" wabona ukukhanya umsebenzi othi "The Adventures of Miheya Klarka," yaye "I-White Inkampani". Noko ke, nechibi kungena umphefumlo kunye nabafundi, kunye abavakalisi Sherlock Holmes kwaye ucela kwakhona kumaphepha. An umfutho ezongezelelweyo koqhubekeko ibali zokucupha yaba siqhelane Oscar Wilde kwaye umhleli we omnye iimagazini kakhulu zithandwa ukuba ngolona uzama ukweyisela Doyle ukuqhubeka ukubhala malunga Sherlock Holmes. Ngoko lowu "Lippinkots Magazine" kukho "umqondiso Four."

Kwiminyaka elandelayo, ilahle phakathi imisebenzi zande ngakumbi. Arthur ugqiba ukuba uqale abaqhuba zamehlo waya eVienna uqeqesho. Noko ke, emva kweenyanga ezine umgudu, uyaqonda ukuba akakho ukulungele Ukuphuhlisa professional isiJamani ulwimi ukuba kuchithwe ixesha obutsha ulwalathiso medical practice. Ngoko ke wabuyela eNgilani yaze yapapashwa ezimbalwa amabali amafutshane enikelwe Sherlock Holmes.

Ukhetho lokugqibela umsebenzi

Emva kokugula kakhulu kunye influenza, apho Doyle phantse wafa, ugqiba ukuba ukuyeka amayeza ngonaphakade kwaye usebenzise lonke ixesha lakhe walichitha uncwadi, ingakumbi ukususela ukuthandwa lamabali akhe kunye neenoveli ngelo xesha nokuchuma kwawo. Ngoko biography medical Artura Konan Doyle, ogama iincwadi baba ngakumbi nangakumbi edumileyo, yafikelela esiphelweni.

"Strand" izicelo Umpapashi ukubhala omnye uthotho amabali Holmes, kodwa Doyle, uzive udiniwe kwaye ukucatshukiswa uyadika hero ubuza £ 50 umrhumo ithemba lokuba umshicileli ukwala imigaqo nemiqathango. Nangona kunjalo, i "Strand" basayina isivumelwano imali efanelekileyo, aze afumane amabali yayo ezintandathu. Kubafundi ndiyayithanda.

Amathandathu Rasskazov Artur Konan Doyl kulandela umvakalisi Abathengiswa 1000 uneemina. Charter "bathenge" kwi iintlawulo eziphakamileyo, ndibagezela kwi Holmes ngokuba emva kwakhe akazange abone indalo yakhe enkulu, Doyle ugqiba ukuba "bulala" zonke nomcuphi oyintanda. Ngaxeshanye umsebenzi kwi "Strand", Doyle bhala yokubonela, yaye le nto usenza kwakhe okuninzi. Noko ke, "ukufa" Holmes akazange eze kuye ukwaneliseka kulindeleke. nokuzama ukwenza isithuba ephucukileyo oyisiwe, kwaye Arthur nzulu wacinga umbuzo ukuba angenza ntoni ukudala into elungileyo, ngaphandle amabali malunga Holmes?

Kwangaxesha nye, Artur Konan Doyle unomdla wokufunda iintetho iincwadi, leyo ethandwa kakhulu.

umfazi uArthur uLouise wayegula kakhulu, kule nkalo, ajikeleza izifundo kwakufuneka lumiswe. In search of a ngakumbi entle imozulu kuba babengamakhoboka eJiputa, beko uya kukhunjulwa ikhululekile umdlalo weqakamba, ahambe eCairo kunye nomenzakalo ofunyenweyo ngenxa Arthur nalwa ukusuka ihashe.

Uvuko Holmes, okanye deal onesazela

Ekubuyeni kwakhe usapho eNgilani Doyle ijongene iingxaki zemali okubangelwa iphupha waqonda - ulwakhiwo ekhayeni labo. Ukuze ukuphuma imeko enzima ngokwemigaqo yezimali, uArthur Kwinan Doyle wagqiba ukujongana isazela sabo kwaye uphakamisa Sherlock Holmes kumaphepha umdlalo omtsha, nto leyo yamkelwe ngemincili luluntu. Emva koko, ngo ezininzi ezintsha ngemisebenzi Doyle phantse ngokungabonakaliyo abonakale phambi ndingathandwa kubo zokucupha, kunye nelungelo lokuba kukho apho umbhali nangoku yokuba kuyiwe ngokwalo.

Indian ihlobo

Arthur Conan Doyle kucingwe umntu yokuziphatha kakhulu nemigaqo eqinileyo, kwaye kukho ezininzi ubungqina umfazi wakhe, akazange yatshintsha. Noko ke, akaba nako ukufihlakala uthando ekrakra kwenye intombazana - Dzhin Lekki. Kwangaxeshanye, nakuba tinyiketela naye kuyo, baza watshata emva kweminyaka elishumi kuphela emva kokuba badibana, xa wabulawa sisifo ngumfazi wakhe.
Gene waphefumlela ukuba zokuzonwabisa ezintsha - iiklasi lokuzingela umculo, kwakunye nefuthe umsebenzi ngakumbi zoncwadi umbhali, ogama amabali baye ngaphantsi etsolo, kodwa yenyama yaye unzulu.

Imfazwe, ezopolitiko, umsebenzi wentlalo

Doyle olunye impilo kuphawulwa athabathe inxaxheba namaBhulu kwiMfazwe, apho ndaya kufunda imfazwe yokwenene ebomini, nangona kunjalo, nje entsimini ngugqirha, usindisa ubomi nejoni Asiyo ebulalayo ekulweni izilonda, kodwa ukususela ngoko ukujala icesina kunye nomkhuhlane.

umsebenzi yoncwadi umbhali ungubani kokukhutshwa inoveli elitsha malunga Sherlock Holmes "ukuzingela of the Baskervilles," ngokuba apho bavuzwa wave entsha uthando abafundi ', kwakunye nentlawulo ngokweba ingcamango evela kumhlobo wakhe Fletcher Robinson. Noko ke, akacudiswanga kuqinisekiswa yi ubunzima ubungqina.

Ngowe-1902, Doyle uva knighted, ngokutsho kweminye imithombo - ngempumelelo kwi namaBhulu War, kwelinye - ngenxa yempumelelo zoncwadi. Kwangaxesha nye, uArthur Kwinan Doyle izama ukuqonda bona kule nkqubo amiswe amarhe malunga inzondelelo yakhe yonqulo.

Indawo ebalulekileyo yomsebenzi loluntu Doyle wazibandakanya kuzo xa bekuthathwa amanyathelo kunye postsudebnyh inkqubo njengoko icebo ummangalelwa. Ngenxa yamava bufunyenwe ngethuba yamabali zokubhala malunga Sherlock Holmes, wakwazi ukungqina zimsulwa abantu abambalwa ukuba wenza igalelo elibonakalayo ukuthandwa igama lakhe.

ibinzana zopolitiko nezentlalo isikhundla Active Artura Konan Doyle kweli enyanisweni ukuba kwaxelwayo amanyathelo amaninzi amagunya mkhulu-sikhokelo leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Nangona isibakala sokuba uluvo lwakhe ziqondeka abaninzi ukuba isiqhamo ngqondweni yombhali, inkoliso imibono yenyama. Ngokwembali mhaka eyaziwayo kukuba ukuba Doyle lwasungulwa ukwakhiwa kwitonela phantsi IsiNgesi Channel.

Izikhokelo ezitsha: ubugqi, kukunqulwa kwemimoya

KwiMfazwe yeHlabathi Doyle ke inxaxheba angaphathi ntliziyo waza wahlabela mgama ukwenza iingcebiso zokuphucula ukulungela imikhosi yamajoni lizwe. Abantu abaninzi abasondeleyo kuye bafa emfazweni, kuquka umzalwana, unyana umtshato wakhe wokuqala, nabazala amabini kunye nabatshana. Le lahleko kwakhokelela ukubuya onomdla ngodlamko nemimoya, ukukhuthazwa apho Doyle wachitha bonke ubomi.

Umbhali wafa ngoJulayi 7, 1930 angina, Oku kubangele umxhelo, ezele izimanga elimangalisayo ebomini amathuba biography Artura Konan Doyle. umbhali Amafoto lihombise kwenye yeendonga zethala leencwadi London elidumileyo, phambili memory kuyo. Inzala ukuphila umdali Sherlock Holmes ungacimi, kwaye unanamhla. Mfutshane biography Artura Konan Doyle e IsiNgesi Bakhona rhoqo iqukwe zezifundo British uncwadi.