Planet Phaeton. izifundo zenzululwazi iiplanethi kwenkqubo elanga

ukuhlola yemihlaba - fun. Siyazi ukuba indalo zisencinci kangangokuba kwiimeko ezininzi, awukwazi ukuthetha malunga izibakala, kunye yeengcinga kuphela. Ukufundwa iiplanethi - le yindawo apho ezifunyaniswe ezinkulu eziseza. Noko ke, malunga into uyakwazi Unangoku ndisayincoma. Emva kokuba uphando iiplanethi kwenkqubo elanga ziye zaqhutywa ukutyhubela iinkulungwane eziliqela.

Kwifoto ngezantsi (ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene) of the planet Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars ziboniswe ubungakanani zawo.

Kwinkolelo yokuba phakathi Jupiter noMars kukho iplanethi, kuqala wacebisa ngo 1596 Iogann Kepler. Ngokoluvo yakhe ukuba isekelwe kwinto yokuba phakathi kwezi iiplanethi kuba isithuba elikhulu. ubudlelwane enokwehla ezichaza umgama ukusuka ilanga iiplanethi ezahlukeneyo, laliqulunqwe ngo-1766. Le yaziwa ngokuba kaTitiyo-kulo. Ukanti ukuba fumanisa emhlabeni, ngalo mgaqo, kufuneka ube malunga 2.8 kummandla. e.

Ingqikelelo Ticius izijikelezi bangabonwa

Ngenxa ukufunda imigama ezahlukeneyo iiplanethi ukusuka eLangeni, wenziwe kwisiqingatha 2 kwenkulungwane ye-18, linguTitiyo, yesayensi isiJamani, wenza isiphakamiso umdla. Lowo conjectured ukuba phakathi Jupiter noMars kukho omnye umzimba yasezulwini. Ngowe-1801, oko kukuthi, emva kwamashumi ambalwa, kwafunyaniswa Ceres asteroid. Washukumisa umgama ngokuchanileyo ezimangalisayo Sun, umthetho linguTitiyo ahambelanayo. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva kwafunyaniswa ke, ilitye Juno, nguPallas kunye UVesta. nokujikeleza zabo kufutshane kakhulu Ceres.

ndiyaqikelela Olbers

Olbers, a ngeenkwenkwezi German (umfanekiso wakhe ezinikwe apha ngentla), ngokusekelwe oku wacebisa ukuba phakathi Jupiter noMars kumgama ukusuka iLanga malunga 2.8 iiyunithi ngeenkwenkwezi njengangaphambili ihlabathi, ngoku sahlukana izijikelezi-langa ezincinane ezininzi. Waqala ukubiza Shay. Kuye Kucetyiswa ukuba lo mhlaba njengangaphambili izinto eziphilayo, yaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba yonke impucuko. Nakuba kunjalo, ayizizo zonke planet Phaeton kunokubonwa njengento ngaphezu nje ukusola.

Imibono malunga ekutshatyalalisweni Phaeton

Iinzululwazi kwinkulungwane yama-20 lubonisa ukuba malunga-16 amawaka. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo planet ezingenzeka abulawe. A lot of kwengxoxo bayathandana ezifana izizathu leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni sisihelegu. Ezinye izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba womxhuzulane Jupiter abangela ukuba kutshatyalaliswe Phaeton. Enye - mlilo. Ezinye izimvo ezinxulumene imboniselo encinane emveli, - ukungqubana iNibiru, ogama orbit udlula nangeliphi na ixesha nelanga; kunye imfazwe yenyukliya.

Ubomi ku Phaeton?

Kunzima ukuba kugweba ukuba kukho ubomi Phaeton, njengoko nkqu ubukho ezininzi umhlaba kunzima ukubonisa. Noko ke, uphando olwenziwe kule yokugqibela zibonisa ukuba oku kuyinyani. Umberto Kempins, i ngeenkwenkwezi ukusebenza kwiYunivesithi Central Florida, wathi kwinkomfa yeSebe yemihlaba Sciences yokuba yonyaka iqela lakhe bafumana amanzi phezu asteroid 65 uCybele. Ngokutsho kwakhe, eli litye isale phezulu kunye maleko ubhityileyo umkhenkce (micrometers ezimbalwa). Kunye nentwana kulo of iimolekyuli kwafunyanwa. Le ibhanti efanayo phakathi Jupiter noMars, eli litye yi uCybele. Amanzi kancinane ngaphambili kungafumaneki 24 Themis. On UVesta and Ceres, ilitye elikhulu, ngayo nabo bafumana. Ukuba kuvela oku kwitekisi le Phaeton, kusenokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba lo mhlaba sele kuziswa Earth organic ebomini.

Namhlanje, hypothesis ukuba kumaxesha amandulo kwakukho ihlabathi Phaeton, inzululwazi esemthethweni asibonakali. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezininzi i abaphandi kunye izazinzulu baxhasa ingcamango yokuba oku nje yintsomi. Ngaba Phaeton emhlabeni? Scientist Olbers, oko sele kuchaziwe, kukholelwa.

Olbers uluvo malunga ukufa Phaeton

Sele wathi ekuqaleni kweli nqaku ukuba ngeenkwenkwezi ngemihla Genriha Olbersa (18-19 leminyaka) wathabatha ingcamango yokuba kwixesha elidlulileyo kwakukho umzimba enkulu yasezulwini phakathi umzila iMars Jupiter. Babefuna ukuqonda ukuba lo mntu ubhubhileyo yaba Phaeton emhlabeni. Olbers nangoku ukwakhiwa ngokubanzi kakhulu imfundiso yakhe. Wacebisa ukuba enomsila kunye izijikelezi kwamiswa ngenxa yokuba ukuba umhlaba elikhulu aphulwe zibe ziingceba. Isizathu sokuba oku kungaba msantsa wakhe ngaphakathi kunye namanyathelo lwangaphandle (ugwayimbo). Sele ngenkulungwane ye-19 kuye kwacaca ukuba xa ixesha elide eyadlulayo, yaye kwakukho kulo mhlaba ezingenzeka, sahlukile kakhulu ukusuka iingxilimbela irhasi abanjengoNeptune, Uranus, uSaturn Jupiter. Kungenzeka, ngeyabo iiplanethi ezisentlabathini kwinkqubo solar, eziquka Mars, Venus ne Mercury.

Indlela iqikelela ubungakanani kunye ubunzima, Verrier ecetywayo

phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-19, inani izijikelezi bafumanisa babesaphila amancinci. Ukongeza, ubungakanani yabo ayizange isetelwe. Ngenxa yoko, kwaba nzima ukwenza uhlolo ekhawulezileyo ubungakanani kunye ubunzima iplanethi libhekisela kwinto esenokwenzeka. Noko ke, Urbain Le Verrier, ngeenkwenkwezi French (umfanekiso wakhe ezinikwe apha ngentla), ecetywayo indlela entsha yovavanyo, esiza kusetyenziswa zizazinzulu isithuba ngempumelelo unanamhla. Ukuze siqonde eyona yale ndlela, kuyimfuneko ukuba digress na. Thina achaza uyaziwa ngayo kwabanye.

Ukufunyanwa weNeptune

Lo mcimbi yaba uloyiso iindlela ezisetyenziswa ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni. Ubukho yale planethi kwinkqubo solar kuqala isondlo "ubalwe" waza wafumanisa Neptune esibhakabhakeni kuloo ndawo, awafika kwangaphambili.

Kokuma Uranus, wafumanisa ngowe-1781 kwabonakala ukuba ukunika ithuba ukwenza itheyibhile ezichanekileyo apho iiplanethi ukujikeleza imeko echazwe amanqaku lwangaphambi kumiselwa ngabaphandi. Noko ke, ukuze wenze le nto ayizange yenzeke, ngokuba Uranus kule bamashumi yokuqala kwenkulungwane ye-19. njalo isebenza phambili, baqala ugcine up imigaqo ethe zibalwe zizazinzulu kwiminyaka ezayo. Ukuhlaziya hexa sentshukumo yayo orbit, le ngeenkwenkwezi bagqiba ukuba kumele kubekho omnye iplanethi kuye (okt kwabanye), nto leyo inkqonkqoza kuye "balahlekise" ngenxa womxhuzulane yayo. Zokwahluka of Uranus kumalungiselelo kubalwa kufuneka ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni na uhlobo le intshukumo awubonakali, kwaye sifumane indawo yayo esibhakabhakeni.

nomhloli French Urbain Le Verrier kunye nzulu IsiNgesi Dzhon Adams wagqiba ukuba lo mngeni. Baye bobabini likwazile ukuphumeza malunga neziphumo ezifanayo. Nangona kunjalo, i eliNgesi akukho luck - ngeenkwenkwezi abazange bakholwe izibalo bakhe kugcinwa baqala. Okuninzi isiphelo azithanda waba ukuya Le Verrier. Ngokoqobo ngosuku olulandelayo emva kokufumana incwadi evela izibalo Urbena Johann Galle, umphengululi waseJamani, afumaneka kwi indawo kwangaphambili ukuba iplanethi entsha. Ngenxa yoko, "kwincam ebuhlanti," njengoko bathi ngokuqhelekileyo, Septemba 23, 1846 nguNeptune yafunyanwa. Kuye kwakhona uluvo iiplanethi ezininzi ngayo inkqubo elanga. Kwathi kanti ukuba abekho-7, njengoko ndacinga ngaphambili, no-8.

Njengoko Verrier wazimisela mass Phaeton

Urbain Le Verrier ukufumanisa oko ubunzima umzimba ezingenzeka yasezulwini, leyo wathi Olbers ngaphezulu, kusetyenziswa indlela efanayo. Ubunzima zonke izijikelezi-langa ezincinane, ukuquka ukuvula ngexesha, kwaba kuyenzeka ukuba liphonononge, esebenzisa ixabiso iintshukumo eziphazamisayo, obonisa isindululo Mars asteroid ibhanti. Kulo mzekelo, Kakade ke, wokuhlangana cosmic uthuli kunye imizimba yasezulwini, abakulo ibhanti ke, ilitye, akuyi ayinakubalwa. Kufuneka ithathwe Mars kwakunye nefuthe ibhanti omkhulu litye, kaZeyus bebubuncinci kakhulu.

Verrier waqalisa ukuhlola Mars. Yena lahlaziya ezinxaxhileyo phaku iqatshelwe isindululo le perihelion ye komzila lomhlaba. Ekubaleni ubunzima ibhanti asteroid mayingagqithi 0.1-0.25 ubunzima Yomhlaba. Ukusebenzisa indlela enye, ezinye abaphandi baye beza nemiphumo efanayo kule minyaka izayo.

Ekufundweni Phaeton kwinkulungwane yama-20

A nqanaba entsha Phaeton waqala kwinkulungwane yama-20. Ngeli xesha kwakukho iziphumo zolo phando lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo awe esibhakabhakeni. Oku kwakusenza izazinzulu ukuze afumane inkcazelo malunga nokuba siyintoni na isakhiwo enokuba Phaeton emhlabeni. Enyanisweni, xa sicingela ukuba ibhanti asteroid ngowona mthombo wazo esiwa kumphezulu womhlaba, kuya kufuneka ukwamkela ukuba isakhiwo iplanethi iqokobhe ezingenzeka elifana oko iiplanethi ezisentlabathini.

intsimbi, intsimbi-ilitye namatye - - ezintathu ezivame wazo iintlobo zibonisa ukuba umzimba Phaeton iqulethe yokwaleka, Uqweqwe kunye nesinyithi-nickel engundoqo. Ukususela kweqokobhe ezahlukeneyo emhlabeni, nto leyo bayiqhekeza kanye, awe kwasekwa ezi ndidi zintathu. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba achondrites, ngoko embhoxo izimbiwa uqweqwe, oko kuyilwa ngenxa kwixolo Phaeton. Chondrites usenokuba wabumba ingubo eliphezulu. Iron ayevela koko bengene nucleus yayo, kwaye ukusuka ungqameko asezantsi wementile - ilitye uloliwe.

Ukwazi Ipesenti yeeklasi ezahlukeneyo namatye awe esibhakabhakeni kuwa kumphezulu womhlaba, sinako ukuqikelela ububanzi uthinte, ubungakanani inucleus, kwakunye nobukhulu jikelele iplanethi libhekisela kwinto esenokwenzeka. Planet Phaeton, ngokwale uqikelelo, yayimfutshane. Malunga 3 amawaka km ke mgama. Oko kukuthi ubungakanani kwakunjalo iMars.

ngeenkwenkwezi Pulkovo ngo-1975 wapapasha iphepha KN Savchenko (iminyaka yobomi - 1910-1956). Wathi lo Phaeton umhlaba phezu ubunzima Umhlaba bobabo kwiqela. Ngokutsho Savchenko kuqikelelwa ukuba kufutshane kule nkalo iMars. 3440 km kwaba radius yayo.

Kulo mba, akukho kuvumelana phakathi izazi. Abanye, Ngokomzekelo, cinga ukuba kuphela ezisentlabathini 0.001 ubunzima kuqikelelwa ubunzima eliphezulu ebotshiwe-langa ezincinane, izijikelezi-langa ezincinane zicwangciswe ngomsesane. Nangona kucacile kona ukuba ngaphezu ezigidi zeminyaka badlula ukususela ekutshatyalalisweni Phaeton, ilanga, iiplanethi kunye Hewana abo bathanda inkitha iziqwenga. iintsalela ezininzi Phaeton kule minyaka ziye wayisila yaluthuli cosmic.

Izibalo zibonisa ukuba Jupiter giant imiphumo enkulu resonant omxhuzulane, ngenxa leyo ngaphandle komzila kufuneka aphoswe inani elininzi izijikelezi. Ngokutsho ezinye iingqikelelo, ngokukhawuleza isixa mba intlekele ingaba amaxesha 10,000 mkhulu namhlanje. Iqela izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ubunzima Phaeton ngexesha le dubulo ingagqitha ubunzima yanamhlanje ngayo ibhanti asteroid ngo-3000 kwakhona.

Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba Phaeton yi eqhumayo ezaziphuma kanye wezijikelezi, okanye nokuba zikhona namhlanje batshintshana kwi nokujikeleza evuthelweyo. Umzekelo, L. V. Konstantinovskaya ikholelwa ukuba ixesha revolution ka iiplanethi emhlabeni Sun - iminyaka 2800. Eli nani ke intliziyo ikhalenda yamaMaya kunye nekhalenda Hindu. Le umphengululi wathi kwiminyaka eyi 2000 eyadlulayo, kwabonwa ukuba inkwenkwezi ukuzalwa kukaYesu, abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi. Yabizwa ngokuba inkwenkwezi eBhetelehem.

Umgaqo wokuhlangana ubuncinane

Michael Ouvend, ngeenkwenkwezi waseKhanada ngubani yaqulunqa umthetho ngo-1972, nto leyo eyaziwa njenge-siseko yentsebenziswano encinci. Uphakamise, olusekelwe phezu kwesi siseko, ukuba phakathi Jupiter noMars malunga-10 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, kwakukho iplanethi ukuba amaxesha 90 ezinkulu kuno Earth ngakumbi. Noko ke, ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo, lachithwa. Kulo mzekelo, inxalenye ebalulekileyo yale enomsila kunye izijikelezi ekugqibeleni umdla Jupiter. Phela, ISaturn kuqikelelwa ubunzima imalunga 95 wt Earth. A Inani labaphandi bakholelwa ukuba kulo mba i Phaeton kumele kakhulu obuphantsi esinguSaturn.

Ingqikelelo malunga nobunzima Phaeton, ngokusekelwe gabalala ngeemvavanyo

Ngoko ke, njengoko uye waphawula, emsindweni mncinane kakhulu kuqikelelo yenkitha, yaye ngenxa yoko ubungakanani umhlaba, esisusela ekwandisweni Mars ukuze iSaturn. Ngamanye amazwi, oku mass 0,11-0,9 yomhlaba. Oku kuyaqondakala, kuba inzululwazi nangoku akazi malunga noko ukususela ixesha sentlekele ixesha. Ngaphandle kokwazi xa umhlaba yawa ngaphandle, akunakwenzeka ukwenza izigqibo ngaphezulu okanye echanileyo ngaphantsi umzimba wakhe.

Njengoko kuqhele ukuba njalo, mhlawumbi oku kulandelayo: Inyaniso embindini. Imilinganiselo kunye ubunzima kwabafileyo Phaeton inokuba siwenze kunye kwindawo lwenzululwazi imbono ubungakanani kunye ubunzima Earth wethu. Abanye abaphandi bathi ukuba Phaeton waba ngakumbi malunga amaxesha 2-3 ngaphezu index lokugqibela. Oku kuthetha ukuba unako igqithe ubukhulu iplanethi yethu kwindawo ethile amaxesha 1.5.

Lommeli Olbers nethiyori kwi 60s kule nkulungwane yama-20

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izazinzulu ezininzi sele 60s zenkulungwane yama-20 waqalisa ukuba bashiye ingcamango ecetywayo Genrihom Olbersom. Bakholelwa ukuba kwebali the planet Phaeton - ngaphezulu akukho ngaphezu kokuba guess, apho lula ukuphikisa. Namhlanje, abaninzi abaphandi bayiqonda ukukholelwa ukuba ngenxa kufuphi kaZeyus, wayengakwazi kuvela phakathi umzila iMars Jupiter. Ngoko ke, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuthetha malunga nento yokuba xa kukho ukutshatyalaliswa Phaeton emhlabeni. "Intsholongwane" zayo, ngokwale hypothesis, ziye wendele yi Jupiter, ukuba wenze namaqabane ayo okanye kulahlwa kwezinye iindawo wezijikelezi zalo. I 'eyayibangele "eziziintloko wasentsomini umhlaba wanyamalala Phaeton ayikwazanga kuqwalaselwa, ke ngoko, Jupiter. Noko ke, ngoku waqonda ukuba ukongeza kule kwakukho nezinye iimeko apho ukuqokelelela zehlabathi zange zenzeke.

Planet V

Interesting ezifunyaniswe-astronomi abaseMelika. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo ezifunyenweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa yokubumba kwemathematika, uJack kunye Lissa Dzhon Chembers, izazinzulu NASA ziye zacebisa ukuba ibhanti asteroid phakathi iMars eziibhiliyoni ezi-4 zeminyaka eyadlulayo, kwakukho umhlaba kunye orbit zingazinzanga kwaye ome. Bathi igama "Planet V". ukhona, ke, into ayiqinisekiswanga okwangoku, akukho enye wokuhlola indawo mihla. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba umhlaba wesihlanu wafa, esiwa elangeni. Noko ke, le mbono ngoku akukho bani unako ukuqinisekisa. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ngokwale inguqulelo yale planethi akazibopheleli ukuyilwa ebhantini asteroid.

Ezi iinkolelo ezisisiseko ngeenkwenkwezi le ngxaki ke ubukho Phaeton. izifundo zenzululwazi iiplanethi kwenkqubo elanga luyaqhubeka. Kusenokwenzeka, banikwe iimpumelelo kwenkulungwane lokugqibela ukuhlolwa kwixesha elizayo siya kufumana ulwazi olutsha umdla. Ngubani owaziyo ukuba izijikelezi-langa ezininzi esinokuzifumana ...

Ekugqibeleni, ebalisa ibali esihle Phaeton.

Legend of Phaeton

E onguHelios, uthixo ilanga (ingasentla), ukususela Klimov, unina wakhe uthixokazi ulwandle Thetis, unyana, ogama Phaeton. Epaphus, unyana kaZeyus nesisalamane umlinganiswa ophambili, kanye ayithandabuze into yokuba uyise Phaeton ngokwenene onguHelios. Waba noburhalarhume kuye waza wacela abazali bakhe ukungqina ukuba ngunyana wakhe. Phaeton wayefuna ukuba Wamkhwelisa enqwelweni yakhe edumileyo wegolide kuye. OnguHelios Yandothusa, wathi nkqu Zeus omkhulu, ayikwazi kulawula kuyo. Noko ke, Shay wathi, yaye wavuma.

Unyana ka onguHelios watsibela phezu enqwelweni, kodwa akazange akwazi ukuhlela amahashe. Ekugqibeleni wabakhululela izintso. Amahashe, eqaphela inkululeko, uleqa oluikhawuleza kakhulu. Bathi ngoko itshayelwe kufutshane kakhulu ngaphezu Umhlaba, koko wanyukela kanye iinkwenkwezi. Umhlaba wabamba umlilo wehla enqwelweni yakhe. izizwe yonke Abafa, iinkuni ovuthayo. Phaeton ngendlela yomsi babengazi apho aya khona. Saqala ukuba ndomisa ulwandle, nobushushu waqalisa ukubandezeleka nokuba othile elwandle.

Ke Gala-Umhlaba wathi, kuZeyus ukuba kungekudala yonke uza kuphinda kuba isiphithiphithi ekwakuphila, ukuba oku uyaqhubeka sakujika. Wacela wonke ukuze basindise kwintshabalalo. Zeus wamphulaphula isicelo sakhe, wawangawangisa ngesandla sakhe sokunene, waphoswa imibane kwaye babeka umlilo ngomlilo. wafa naye nqwelo onguHelios. Lawula amahashe, namaqhekeza ayo saa esibhakabhakeni. OnguHelios usizi olukhulu uzivalele ubuso bakhe yaye akazange abonise up imini yonke nesibhakabhaka. Umhlaba owambathiswe umlilo kuphela kwimililo.