Pushkin ukuba iimbongi ixesha: uluhlu lemisebenzi

Iimbongi bexesha Pushkin ngayo - into leyo ubudala segolide imibongo Russian nabangenamandla sikhokelo 1810-1830 gg. (Ukudluliselwa: landela - Silver Age - uye imida 1894-1929 gg.). Ukuba ukukhanya segolide kwelanga unika, nenyanga ebusuku - isilivere, kodwa loo nto omnye ibali, kwaye kakhulu umdla.

, Ngoko, kwakukho njani into enjalo - "iimbongi ixesha Pushkin Xikwembu"? Sondela Pushkin wadala lacelwa ezininzi ezikrelekrele. Kodwa kule folda kusengqiqweni ukwenza iimbongi abo kufutshane ezakudala enkulu umoya, ekwabelwana naye iimbono zeentanda, isikhundla yezentlalo yoluntu, iinkolelo zokuziphatha nobugcisa, nabantu phikisana bachasayo ezifanayo zoncwadi.

Iimbongi Pushkin Times: uluhlu

Ngokuzoba le uluhlu, ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba kuyiwe ngenyameko. Ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa Zhukovsky Batiushkov kunye D. Davidov, ngoko Lermontov, Koltsov Polezhaeva kwaye sele wabhekisela ixesha poslepushkinskoy, njengoko baye ezinye iingxaki bokubanga kwimibongo.

Noko ke, amaxesha amaninzi kukholelwa ukuba iimbongi xesha Pushkin - kaloku abantu ababehlala yaye besebenza ngexesha elinye kunye Pushkin. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ukufutshane kangakanani ngokomoya yaye ukusuka kwindawo zoncwadi lwembono, imbongi omkhulu, yaba izigqibo kuphela ukuba benza kwisihobe ngaxeshanye, yaye usoloko nokuphucula izakhono zabo ngokufunda omnye komnye.

Ngoko ke, ngoobani iimbongi ixesha Pushkin kaThixo? Uluhlu, Kakade, uqala umculi ezifana V. A. Zhukovsky ( "USvetlana", "Ulwandle", "Lyudmila," "nguKumkani Forest," "Hosi"), K. Batyushkov ( "Phupha", " umyalezo ovela I. M. Muravevu-Apostol "," eziko wam "," Ariosto kunye Tasso "," Petrarch "), PA Vyazemsky (" intyatyambo elingenakonakala "," Iinyembezi-ntle "," Ilali icawa "," King Peas "" Amalungisa "), ivuma Davydov (" umzalwana "," intsimi Borodino "," Hussar ukuvuma "," ngoma yam "," ubulumko "," ndiyakuthanda kuba ... "," Siskin kunye rose "), F. N. Glinka (" xa ubomi piiticheskoy Pushkin kaThixo "," lwezincoko kwedabi Borodino "," uYobhi, ezamahala odrazhanie iNcwadi kaYobhi, "" Kubo-oo! Kuba kugwayimbo emithathu "), M. V. Milonov (" Towards rubella "," Ukuze udade wam "," amagqabi ewela "," Umyalezo kubalimi "), PA Katenin ( "Natasha", "umbulali", "Goblin", "Olga", "Andromache") kunye nabanye sele ukuba zenzeka ababhali, yaye abanye abadala nabanamava ngaphezu Pushkin ngokwakhe kakhulu. Noko ke, emva kokudibana kunye naye baba Lumkelela iziphumo zayo ezinamandla, ezingabantu bezobugcisa.

Lo mxholo ziqhelekileyo kwaye ithandwayo ubudala yegolide zombongo waba umyalezo lobuhlobo. Iimbongi Pushkin Times Batyushkov kunye Zhukovsky, lowo ingqalelo ootitshala yakhe ookhokho bayo, kodwa ke olu hlobo yesihobe lugqibelele yaye waqhubeka Pushkin ngokwakhe. Alexander wayemthanda Batiushkov waza wambiza ngokuba "sobulumko omkhulu-ngokomoya" yaye "ubuvila Parnassian banoyolo" kuba imibongo Batiushkov wayehluke euphony okanye, ngokucokisekileyo ngakumbi, isandi somculo. Wabetha imfanozandi engaqhelekanga, nto leyo waphinda 's "yamaqabane:" Ulonwabo kwi ukunyuka entwasahlobo "; "Umthombo Lovelier" njalo-njalo. D.

Ofunda-lyceum

Ke kule kuluhlu kumele kubandakanye afunda bakhe, abafundi kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, kunye nabahlobo abasondeleyo: V. K. Kyuhelbekera ( "Griboyedov", "ode waya kokufa Byron", "Argives," "Ngowe-1829", "Isiphetho neembongi Russian"), A. A. Delviga ( "A. S. Pushkinu", "Iinyembezi wothando", "Sonnet", "UYobi") kunye A. D. Illichevskogo ( "Ithemba", "Oktobha 19", "Three Blind Man", "The Merry kunye nesizathu "," umakhi kunye umchweli "). Hi ndlela leyi, owokugqibela -ngenxa lokwenene Pushkin ebizwa ngokuba 'wit ethandeka "," umhlobo nembangi "njengoko wenza kucingwe oyimbangi yakhe iphambili kwimibongo.

Thina ke ngaloo kuluhlu, yaye abantu ababephila wadibana imbongi kakhulu ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo obomi bakhe, yaye, ke, ngenxa giftedness zabo italente, kwakusafuneka bafumana indlela lwalo ubugcisa uncwadi. Le NM Iilwimi ( "I Ngamandla", "Spring", "A. S. Pushkinu", "Trigorskoye", "Morning"), EA Baratynsky ( "Achilles", "Muse", "Ingxangxasi") . iindlela zabo zobugcisa isondela, ngoko Sahlukana Pushkin.

Kolu luhlu siya ungadibanisa elinye iqela - abantu talente encinane kakhulu, kodwa emva kokwehlelwa nempembelelo enamandla ubuntu nomtsalane buchopho Pushkin kaThixo, kulula kakhulu ukuba bafunde isihloko kunye lula sisimbo ecacileyo nengafihliyo zemibongo. It kf Ryleev ( "Ivan Susanin", "Ukufa Ermak", "Dimitriy Samozvanets"), FA Tumansky ( "Birdy," "Elegy", "looMawokhulu"), VI Tumansky ( "Odessa "," Singer, "" TIFF "," Reconciliation "), V. G. Teplyakov (" Ubulolo "," kwiphepha White "," uMoya "," inkosikazi yam endala "), DP Oznobishin (" umqhele " "imfihlakalo umprofeti," "idemon umona", "Duma"), A. I. Podolinsky ( "iqashiso", "portrait", "Isifundo", "Star"), kunye nabanye.

njengaye

Kule luhlu kwakukho abathile ngabaxelisa kunye epigones ka Pushkin, ngubani wayesandula oyisa italente echaza le ngqondi enkulu (PA Pletnev, M. D. Delaryu, V. N. Schastny, AA Shishkov, E. F. Rozen) .

Kuzo, onke la magama jikelele - kube lixesha imbongi Pushkin kaThixo. Davydov, Noko ke, umntu owayephila abadala Pushkin, bobabo iqhayiya ndawo kolu luhlu. Pushkin wacinga kakhulu yemisebenzi yakhe zemibongo, kwaye baxhabasha ukuba 'nsinya "ezi ndinyana.

Hussar Davydov waba ilizwi elikhethekileyo original kakhulu enkondlo. Wayibeka phezu imaski zoncwadi nesibindi ngokungakhathali, uhlakaniphile, owenkawu kwaye avuye yimbongi mbongi emkhosini-ibhodle abangazange mathidala bahlukumeze njengesiqhelo yokuziphatha kwezentlalo nondiliseko, lo gama wayekhetha ekunyaniseni tye kwamagama nezindlela cutesy, ukusuka apho waba ndidikwe .

Gusar-imbongi

Eneneni, kude ekubeni angelvmi ukuba iimbongi ixesha Pushkin kaThixo. Davydov Denis Vasilevich phakathi abahlobo abakhaliphileyo wayelungele naziphi afeze, shi "mome ezamahala" phakathi nokulwa. Yena nako ukuma careerists kunye campaigners, yonke tape ebomvu kunye kombiwa kuyo. Yena usoloko, nkqu ngamaxesha ukuphumla elifutshane, musa ukulibala malunga lokhokho kunye emkhosini phambi kwakhe. Imibongo yakhe ekhethekileyo ngendlela yaso, oko wazalwa kule mpi, amaphulo, kwaye ekhefu phakathi Okwemfazwe, nokuba nebhongo.

Imbongi ixesha Pushkin yantlandlolo kakhulu. Davydov Denis Vasilevich Njengoko umzekelo hussar imaski ukwaphulwa kunye yimbongi razgulnika, ngoko ukubila ngakumbi yaye akazange athathe off, ukuba ihlanganiswe nayo.

Xa lyrics yakhe lifika "hussar" iingoma, imibongo satirical nothando elegy, wadala uhlobo olutsha hero - ijoni-ngokuthanda uhlanga, inkululeko-onothando, esebenzayo, nangomphefumlo evulekileyo womntu.

Vyazemsky - imbongi ixesha Pushkin kaThixo

Ukuqhubela phambili kwesihloko kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo kuqatshelwe ukuba Pushkin uyathandwa yaye uyahlonelwa Vyazemsky. Kwabonakala ke kuye ukuba sidityaniswe ngemvelo elibukhali kunye ingqiqo echanekileyo modernity. Yaba indoda eyayifunde kakhulu ngokungaqhelekanga yolwazi Encyclopedic.

Ngaphandle Vyazemskij - kunyango kunye enye ingcali ye romanticism Russian. Kodwa kwiincwadi zakhe, wayekuthanda ukuya kungena kwiimpikiswano, esalinikwayo ngokwasemisebenzini ukoma ethile kwaye kancinane iphazamisekile kweemvakalelo yothando. inkcubeko lwakhe lwesihobe sifana kakhulu Pushkin. Vyazemsky ingqalelo ngokwakhe yindlalifa kwenkulungwane XVIII, umlandeli wophawu zobulumko French ezifana uVoltaire, ezibe Age okhanyayo yiEnlightenment.

UPyotr Andreyevich Vyazemsky abonakala imbongi ngenxa yothando ngemfundo sizathu ke iye itsale liberalism, waba a ezamahala-nzulu ngezinto, nilwela imisebenzi yingenelo umphakathi kunye norhulumente. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wakhe, waba yindoda endala, yaye inkoliso kwamane iintlobo zemveli yesihobe - myalezo friendly ode inkululeko-onothando, elegy melancholic, iintsomi, ngemizekeliso, epigrams, uvuthondaba kunye didactics.

A. A. Delvig

Enye kwiimbongi bexesha Pushkin kaThixo Anton Antonovich Delvig ukuba, ngokungafaniyo Vyazemsky, romanticism yakhe yambethe ntlobo yamandulo. Wasebenzisa wamandulo, amaRoma, nemilinganiselo zamaGrike kwimibongo wazikhethela ngenxa yakhe idyll izibongo yohlobo. Umzekelo, isiphumo Kwenzeka okufanayo indawo cwaka epholileyo phantsi kwemithi kwi umthombo yabengezela. lyrical kwakhe - iyonke hayi kakhulu watshintsha iimvakalelo kunye neminqweno yabo. Enye makamisele ngeyona nto intle nemibongo yakhe ibizwa - "Idyll". Apha ubalisa ibali uthando enkulu yabantu ababini, abo zigcinwa omnye komnye ngonaphakade. Xa imizobo yakhe ombambazelayo wakwazi ukugqithisa le meko, ubunzulu kunye ngabafo ezi mvakalelo yethenda. kanye uhlobo woothixo kunye sympathized nabo, nkqu naxa abalinganiswa ezifileyo, imikhosi aphezulu abagcini idangatye uthando lwabo.

Xa ufunda imisebenzi Delvig kusenokubonakala ngathi yena a classicist kade, owabonakala ngexesha romantic (ixelela isimbo yayo, ubungakanani kunye uhlobo, zithathwa nje ezo classicists). Kodwa ekuthini yona ayikho imfuneko. Delvig - ulangazelela lokwenene zothando amaxesha elide-yalahleka yamandulo, lihlabathi elinokuvela ubumnandi yamandulo nemvisiswano.

Yena kudana kuluntu namhlanje, apho kukho kuye kwaba kudala uthando lokwenene kunye nobuhlobo, apho umntu uziva dissonance kunye noluntu, kunye ngokwabo kwaye esoyika elizayo. Delvig Ndaziswa uhlobo idyll engaqhelekanga le uhlobo abalilela ekupheleni kweminyaka segolide.

Pushkin kulo mba kwavunyelwana Delwig, waqonda ukuba ivumelane ne ezintle, kufa kungekudala emva koko ke, kodwa kamva wabuyela, eli xesha kuphela ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Usizi nentlekele, usizi nentlungu, ngokunjalo zonke ukuba mhle, - iindwendwe bokwexeshana kweli hlabathi, ngelishwa, musa ukuba namandla ngonaphakade.

Beautiful sithsaba-ekuthiwa age segolide kwiimbongi kwixesha Pushkin kaThixo. Delvig - esinye nanto yomhombiso wakhe.

NM Iilwimi

eyahlukileyo xa libizwa ngethoni yaba izibongo Nikolaya Mihaylovicha Yazykova, owabhala malunga bokubanga zothando inkululeko yabantu. Wayekholelwa kuwo unrestrainedly kangaka evuya ayathandeka amava obomi. Iilwimi - ixesha imbongi Pushkin kaThixo, owandithandayo ubomi yaye wayesoloko ekuvuyela ingonakaliswanga naye zonke obubonakala. Eso simo sengqondo komntu akuxhomekekanga ekuzithandeleni naziphi na izimvo bulumko okanye ezopolitiko, kwaba yokuzibhubhisa. Iilwimi musa ukuhlalutya kwaye uzame ukuqonda. lyrics zakhe swi kuhlobo umntu ngomntu lobunganga ukhululekile. Kwezinye indalo lakhe n'ekiweebwayo ezithile esithokothokweni lusizi, kodwa kunqabile kakhulu, iimeko ezinjalo zinqabile ngokoqobo. Le isimo sengqondo ayikho eloyikekayo, hayi buthathaka, kwaye kulula ngokwaneleyo ukuzoyisa.

Ulwimi echaza umbhali wavakalisa imeko ecacileyo kakhulu kwaye akhutheleyo isa- kunye nothando olukhulu ebomini. Ngenxa yoko genre yayo engundoqo - neengoma nemibongo. Iilwimi inokuba yiyo nayiphi uhlobo, nokuba i elegy okanye ingoma ethile, ingoma, okanye umyalezo, ukuba ibe ingoma okanye eulogy. Kwaye simelwe ukuba kugquba wayoliswa novuyo.

Ukuze ufunde ukuveza indlela ngokucacileyo le nkululeko uyoliswa zothando umphefumlo, ulwimi waya Pushkin, ngubani wanceda ukuzisa isimbo sakhe kwimibongo bafezeke. izinto Iilwimi eEdeni ngaphandle imiqobo, lo gama ngokoqobo wanamathela komnye, kakuhle ixesha zemibongo, yena nako ukuvuselela umsebenzi wakhe ngaphandle ekupheleni. Umzekelo - umyalezo "D. V. Davydov. "

EA Baratynsky

Ukuba ummangalelwa ababephila Yazikova e iingcinga ubuhlwempu, kwenye imbongi, Baratynsky, abafundi abazange ukwanelisa kwemfuneko zabo.

Ukufumana creative evgeniya Abramovicha Baratynskogo, kuqala kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba emva kokuba Pushkin yeyona imbongi ezibaluleke kakhulu kwisizukulwana wakhe, weza uncwadi emva Zhukovsky kunye Batyushkov. Kwimibongo yakhe alawule ikakhulu elegies kunye nemibongo. Akazange weza imibongo Russian njengento Imbongi elegik obalaseleyo.

ezahlukeneyo kakhulu ingcamango creative ngexesha labo mbongi Pushkin kaThixo. Baratynsky ezahlukeneyo kakhulu ukusuka kunoogxa babo ePeru Batiushkov Zhukovsky, owayesoloko ezithenjiweyo okuhle. Zhukovsky wayeqinisekile ukuba ulonwabo nguye lwabalindele ngonaphakade abantu kwezinye ehlabathini, kwaye ke kulapho baya kufumana uxolo, yoxolo nothando. Batyushkov emva "intanda omncinane 'yakhe apho wabonisa ukuba umntu uzalelwa kubomi nangokuzola esekusithekeni nothando kanye ilalhekile kwaye ngoko nangoko waqalisa ukufuna yokusabela unqulo.

Kodwa Baratynsky wadana ezintweni zonke, akazange akholelwe xa ngokuvisisana uxolo emhlabeni, ngaphantsi kakhulu zezulu, ingaba kungenzeka ulonwabo "apha" yaye "apho." Ngokutsho kwakhe, le ndoda ekuqaleni bifurcated kwaye eyaphukileyo ngoko Awukwazi ukufumana nayiphi ngokuvisisana umphefumlo wakhe okanye nehlabathi ngaphandle. Wayekholelwa ukuba umthetho lo umyalelo yehlabathi.

Baratynsky umdla kakhulu uthi ukuba umzimba womntu ofayo wabopha emhlabeni, yaye umphefumlo rhoqo iqwengiwe zezulu, kwaye engafiyo. Kodwa ke kaninzi, umphefumlo akemi up zonke amava emhlabeni lufe phambi kokuba umzimba, nomzimba njengoko uba akanayo sizathu kunye izivamvo, ngoko ngamampunge. Kwakhona babecinga ukuba umntu wanikwa angathabatheki apho wayehlala kakhulu yaye ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ubomi ngokwayo acofwa ngexesha isakhelo elimxinwa kakhulu lwekamva.

Zonke ezi ukuphikisana akukho shwaka okanye irhoxisiwe, okanye ukubalelana nabo, ekubeni umthetho ebomini. Baratynsky - abagxeki, ayinandaba kakhulu malunga ukubonakala kwi intlungu efanayo njengoko ndicinga nje ngayo. Malunga ubomi bakhe, uthi xa kunqandwa ukuba ukubandezeleka kwabantu okuhambisana ukusuka ekuzalweni ukuya ekufeni.

Xa umsebenzi Baratynsky awayephila wabona imbongi onesiphiwo Pushkin kakhulu esikolweni. Kodwa kamva, umsebenzi wakhe akazange aqonde nokugxekwa. Kodwa ke Symbolists Russian, yena waqonda njenge weengoma enkulu ezizimeleyo kunye bulumko, wazama ukuthatha kwimigca echaza into enzulu kwaye kunzima nokudlulisela.

inani

Pushkin sihlandlo iimbongi azisoloko asebenze kusemnandi, uxolo nemvisiswano. iingxoxo zabo nokubhala waqhubeka kakubi, ukuleqa nokuhlaselwa polemic umnqwazi kwiingxoxo rhoqo buhlungu abachasi ikratshi.

Njengoko ubona, kwakukho abathile ubunzima kubomi boncwadi, kodwa kwisihobe ekuthiwa-ixesha Pushkin kaThixo phambili ngokukhawuleza kwaye ifikelele nenkcubeko eliphezulu. Kakade, oko lubotshelelwe kwindawo A. yokuqala S. Pushkinu, ngokunzulu, kwinqanaba buchopho ukuba ndahlelwa iRussia indlela yokwenziwa imibongo kunye nemibongo dovedshy amagama Akukwazi bafezeke.

Pushkin sihlandlo iimbongi wavula kuthi ubudala segolide iincwadi Russian, apho wahlala ixesha nanto Ngobumhlophe bokubengezela moya ubugcisa na yena uthi zasekhaya. Kwaye ngoku kufuneka ithuba banandiphe imisebenzi amahle.

isiphelo

Kakade ke, kungekuphela Pushkin ekufundeni ulwimi imibongo Russian yaba iimpawu, kodwa ilanga zezulu, ezo ukutsala njengoko iiplanethi inkqubo enye eliqaqambileyo lethu abengezelayo, kakuhle zimakishwe iplanethi zemibongo, iyileyo waba ukukwazi ukutsala orbit yayo satellites ezincinane.

Iimbongi Pushkin Times - a iingangamsha isiseko zonke izibongo Russian. Ekubeni ubuchule babo kudingeka ukuba ukudibana nokuhlola kunokwenzeka. Ngelishwa, eli xesha vzroschennaya Pushkin Galaxy neembongi okunene eziphakamileyo kakhulu, kwaye akukho ndlela ukuthetha ngamnye. Bonke baba umhombiso eziphambili zehlabathi bohemian kwimibongo.