Umbhali Z Maksimovich Leonov: engobomi, iimpawu izibakala zobuchule kunye umdla

Kwinkcubeko yethu echazwe indawo yakhe kwaoko - umbhali Russian Classic, discoverer kwi uncwadi ulwalathiso lwentlalo nentanda-bulumko. Ngubani na yena? Z Maksimovich Leonov. ubuchule wakhe ezininzi kunye mnogoproblemno. Wabhala malunga nesakhiwo yoluntu yobusoshiyali, wavakalisa uluvo lwakhe ngalo, kabukhali waphakamisa iingxaki zabantu, "bottom", lwaya iiprojekthi kwamnandi, ezifana "yingqele abantu".

biography emfutshane Leonida Maksimovicha Leonova. ebuntwaneni zombhali

Wazalwa Z Maximovich Leonov eza ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX - May 19, 1899. Umbhali wayephila ubomi obude, wafa ngoAgasti 8, 1994 eneminyaka engama-95. Leonov wangcwatyelwa Novodevichy Amangcwaba.

Childhood Z eMoscow. Uyise - Mxim Leonov (lilishwa) wayeyimbongi nokuzeyisa wafundisa, ilungu "Surikov" isangqa somculo-zoncwadi. Wayengumenzi oyinzalelwane kwiphondo ukulungela ukusebenza, kwilali Polukhino.

Esiye Leonovich wadala indlu yakhe ukupapasha owakhe eMoscow. kuhamba izinto kakuhle, wavula ivenkile yakhe indoda esisityebi kunene. Kumaxesha ombuso amaxesha Mxim Goremyka 17 batshutshiswa ngenxa yokuhambisa uncwadi ngasekhohlo waza ekugqibeleni waba selubhacweni ku Arkhangelsk, apho wababeka. Wafa ngowe-1929. Usapho lwakhe, wemka eMoscow, ndabondla Z Maksimovic ngaphandle uyise. Eyona umthantamisi wakhe utatomkhulu uLeon Leonovich Leonov. Yaba nguye owafaka uthando umfana noncwadi yokomoya yamandulo. Kwiminyaka elishumi wagqiba esikolweni Z Petrovsky-Myasnitskaya kwisikolo esisedolophini. Wabhalisela ukuba bafunde lomthambo Moscow wesithathu.

Arkhangelsk

Ngoxa esikolweni, Leonov waya kwiholide kuyise wayo e Arkhangelsk, apho ke umhleli wephephandaba "kusasa Northern." Ngowe-1915 kwafika kokupapashwa iindinyana zokuqala Leonov Z Maksimovic. Kwakhona uyise wamnceda ukupapasha reviews ezahlukeneyo izincoko, ubugcisa nemidlalo yeqonga. Bebomelele kangangokuba uyise akazange abe neentloni iisampulu ebuhlanti sonyana wakhe. weza ke amava umbhali yokuqala. nemibongo yakhe yokuqala umbhali ebizwa ngokuba 'amazwi isampula yokuqala, silungisa nelomrhubhe, "ukuba ubukhulu becala imitative.

Ngexesha izifundo zakhe lomthambo Z Maksimovich Leonov wabhala ibali "Valin doll", kwakunye nentsomi "uKumkani iAthos." Leonov waphumelela kwisikolo esiphakamileyo ngo-1918 kunye imbasa yesilivere yaye ngoko nangoko waya iNgelosi kuyise wayo. Kukho Umbhali eyayisebenza kwiimpapasho 'imini North "," kusasa Northern. " Kukho kwakhona wayibhinqa umhlobo yokuqala kunye 'iimbongi wasemntla "- Umbhali Shergin, igcisa Pisahova. Bona bancedisana ukuvula ihlabathi omfana ngokwesithethe Russian, Russ i icon enkulukazi, indalo intombi kungachukunyiswa.

Inkonzo kwi-Red Army

In Z wafundela ukuba ixesha elifutshane kwiYunivesithi Moscow, zonke izicwangciso yakhe bayiqhekeza kwiMfazwe Civil. Biography yombhali enkulu Z Leonov iqulethe data ukuba umfana ngo-1920, wajoyina i-Red Army ngokuzithandela bakhonza kwi-Southern Front. Uqeqesho luthatha indawo kwi-School zokudubula, bathatha inxaxheba iimfazwe, yaba othile phezu ngaphambili, wayesebenza kwiimpapasho zomkhosi. Waba unobhala kwi "Red Warrior" hlelo. alias Military Leonov - Mxim Laptev, Lapot. Yena exhaphaza ngowe-1921, waza waqalisa ukubhala kakhulu.

ukuba umbhali

Emva e Moscow, Z Maksimovich Leonov ngobuchule benza kwimeko yombhali. imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala adunyiswe Mxim Gorky, ngubani wagxininisa italente umbhali abatsha, kwaye abonakala ikamva enkulu kuye. Abanye ubonile imisebenzi Leonova ubudlelwane kunye Dostoevsky isimbo kwi Gorky waphendula ukuba Leonov kwi imisebenzi abanalo abo 'ukubhomboloza ababuleweyo, "watsho Fyodor Mikhailovich.

Z Maksimovich Leonov, ogama imibongo sele yapapashwa ebutsheni bakhe, baba kakhulu abandakanyeke iprozi. tale Yakhe "Buryga" yapapashwa ngowe-1922, yingqokelela yamabali amafutshane yapapashwa ngo-1923, ilandelwa yi kwinoveli "Isiphelo indoda encinane," yaye "Petushihinsky zaphuka."

I inoveli "iimbila", "Sela"

Ngenxa inoveli 'iimbila "(1924), umbhali Z Leonov Maksimovic waye kakhulu njengoko ngumbhali oselula. Umsebenzi kwanikezelwa imvukelo abalimi, abachasene urhulumente waseSoviet ekuqaleni imi- 20-kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Imvelaphi Umbhali nemvukelo yamahlwempu umbonile nje kuphela indlela ingcinezelo wokulawula amandla, inkqubo intsalela-mali ngokugqithisileyo, kodwa yobutshaba zembali abalimi ukuba abahlali basezidolophini. Umona, emhlabeni yokuba ezibangele, leyo yosulela athiywe kwinginginya yabantu.

Imifanekiso yabantu, mna ndadala enengqondo, ngabalinganiswa zichazwe kunye ngqo ukubaluleka engqondweni nentanda-bulumko. Xa inoveli, umbhali waba novelwano kubantu abasebenzayo, baliqabe ukungabinakuzikhusela phambi kokuba utshintsho olukhulu ebomini babo.

Xa umsebenzi wakhe 'Isela "(1927) Z Maksimovich Leonov kutyhilwa sele nje Connoisseur izifundo zabantu. Phambi ukuba akazange abazotywe ngayo imisebenzi ezi ikamva, i "Sela" uxelela umfundi malunga ukufa kabuhlungu ka Mitya Vekshina. OwayenguMphathiswa, emphinini ukuya felon, apha Liquka yintlekele yesizwe sonke, weqonga umphefumlo kunye nesazela. Ekuhambeni kwexesha yethu, singakwazi ukuvavanya imveliso wokwenene, ngoku siyazi ukuba kuyingozi ngamandla, nto leyo waya "sabasebenzi lumpen" yawa ukusuka phezulu kwayo. "Sela" Kwatyhilwa ngelo xesha zonke ins kunye outs of arbiters elimsulwa ngelo xesha.

Imisebenzi ye 30

I inoveli "Tong" (1930) waba imveliso yokuqala Soviet, apho abasebenzi ubuqhawe ezukisiwe yabantu Soviet, edunyiswa ulwakhiwo socialism kunye nokuguqulwa abangevayo Amadlelo amaziko mveliso. Iinoveli "Skutarevsky" yaye "Road to the Ocean" kuboniswe isifundo ubugcisa uhlaziyo nzima nezimvo kwihlabathi nezazi omdala, abaye bagqiba ekubeni bathathe inxaxheba ekuzalweni okutsha lomonakalo. Apha uboniswa a umzabalazo yeklasi ebukhali kule yokuhlala. "Road to the Ocean" ichaza bayahlelwa wamaKomanisi - nomququzeleli, sobulumko, inkokeli onika zonke ngokwakhe ngenxa yokwakha nolobukomanisi.

idrama

Ngasekupheleni 30 nasekuqaleni sharing-40 Leonov isebenza ngakumbi njengoko umbhali. edlalwa zakhe ebezifunwa kakhulu. "Skutarevsky" (1934), "I Wolf", "Polovchanskie Gardens" (1938), "Abantu eQhelekileyo" (1941).

A amagama ambalwa ndifuna ukuthi ngomdlalo "Blizzard". Singene endaweni ekhethekileyo Leonova emsebenzini athinte iinkcukatha umdla nobomi zombhali. Kulo msebenzi umbhali uye ukusungulwa emoyeni yokoyika ukungathembani okuye nisithimbile lizwe kwi 30. Ezoyikekayo Blizzard bhuqe okonakalisa yonke endleleni yayo iphilile, umthamo ukwenza. Iindidi eqhelekileyo amaqhawe belo xesha atshintshiwe ngaphaya ingqalelo, abasuka amelwe a hero entle, umzalwana wakhe, umlawuli eSoviet - negative.

Ekuqaleni, lo mdlalo emiselwe kwiholo yephondo. Kodwa ke umlomo kwaye ummangalelwa "njengoko klevetnichestvo eyingozi yokwenene eSoviet." Leonov ukugxekwa kakhulu kwi Politburo, umbhali wayesoyika ukuba uza kubanjwa. Aguquke imveliso kuphela ngo-1962.

War. Le minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe

Ngexesha lemfazwe, Z Maximovich ukuba bakhutshwe kunye nabanye ababhali e Chistopol. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo njengoko intatheli babehamba ngaphambili. Wasebenza kwi "Iindaba 'kunye' inyaniso." imisebenzi Yakhe "Invasion" emva koko "Lenushka" (1942-1943 gg.), Reflected feat kwabantu kumzabalazo wokulwa Fascism, intlungu yokulahlekelwa boyisiwe, inkalipho kunye ubuqhawe. "Invasion" wawongwa Prize Stalin. Interesting mhaka: yonke imali, yaye kwaba 100 amawaka engange, Leonov zizaku nikezelwa kudweliso Defense Fund. Kuba apho wafumana ukunconywa ebhaliweyo Stalin.

Z Maksimovich Leonov, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu emfutshane thaca kule phepha, wayeyindoda owahlukileyo ngexesha lakhe. Kukho livezwe kuphela yinxalenye yomsebenzi wakhe. Emva kwemfazwe, waqhubeka ukubhala, ukuphakamisa imiba lemini. Ukuba ningoyiki ukuthetha ngayo ingcinezelo, le kulaks, iintshaba ebantwini, wonke umntu wayezama ukufumana isazisi, ezama ukufikelela inyaniso. Akusoloko ngemisebenzi yakhe kwapapashwa, abanye bade wavalwa eSoviet Union. Kodwa ke umbhali ngandlela lombutho ayizange kohlwaywa ngenxa ubuchule bakhe ngenkalipho, yaye kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ngokuphindaphindiweyo zanikwa amabhaso ezahlukeneyo korhulumente, waba ngumntu othandwayo yaye wayesaziwa kakuhle kwisangqa abaziingqondi.

umsebenzi wakhe ezinkulu "bayawa" epapashwe umbhali engagqitywanga ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, yena wayesebenza kule piece kangangeminyaka engama-45. It Leonov wasishwankathela esi uncwadi sengqiqweni lonke kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, ingeniso ezidibeneyo fiction, juxtaposed kunye kunokwenzeka engenakwenzeka, yaye ushwankathelwa yonke ingqondo yakhe.