River Kuma: incazelo neefoto

Kuma River aseStavropol edge kwenzeka ubukhulu becala kuphela kwindawo leyo ehlanganiswa esantini. Igama umlambo esidityaniswe kolu phawu ngayo. Nolwimi zamaTurkic elithi "owayemele" liguqulelwe ngokuthi "njengentlabathi". Imbali lo mlambo uqala kwi-I-III kwiinkulungwane BC. Nokuba kula maxesha, ababhali-mbali qaphela ubukho emhlabeni kufuphi echibini amanzi ukuhamba abantu bokuqala, ngubani Sizibandakanye apha kwezolimo, izilwanyana, yezandla kuqala wabonakala. In XI-XIII iinkulungwane umlambo Kuma yafakwa rates Polovets; bona abahlali ngokuthi "Cumans". Namhlanje, ecaleni dama liba kwidolophu Mineralnye Vody, Budyonnovsk, kwilali Alexandria kunye Suvorov, ilali Krasnokumskoe, Levokumskoe, amajoni Alexandrov, Arkhangelsk kunye Praskoveya. Zonke phezu lomlanjana Kuma namhlanje likhaya abahlali phezu 350.000.

umfula Geography

Kuma asuka kufutshane kwilali Upper Mara Karachay-Cherkess Republic, kumathambeka kumntla Rocky Ridge (ukuphakama 2,100 meters). Apha, ichibi nga ngokuba umlambo intaba. Amanzi yezimbiwa ayivalele kummandla ukuhamba yaloo mmandla, apho abekuyo ngaphezu cwaka. It iphela Nogai emathafeni. In emathafeni lweCaspian kwisixeko Qom umlambo indawo Neftekumsk yahlulwe kwinani iingalo ezincinane, sihambe ngendlela eya eLwandle lweCaspian, kodwa oko akuthethi ukufikelela. flow Total kwenzeka kwiingingqi ezine alo ilizwe: Republic of Dagestan, Kalmykia, Karachay-Cherkessia kunye aseStavropol Territory.

wokungena kwemali

ubude Umlambo ka-km 802, ummandla lwesitya yalo 33.500 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Kwilali Krasnokumskom (indawo St George kaThixo) e Kumu uviko kwemali - p. Podkumok. Libhekisela ekunene-yebhanki enabela zasekhaya. Ukuze siqonde elinxulumene yamanzi pool, kufuneka amisele apho umlambo ungena Kuma. Sithetha eLwandle lweCaspian.

Ukongeza, kwicala lasekunene komlambo ingena ichibi kunye uDaria Zolka. In ekhohlo - Tomuzlovka, Karamyk owomileyo, Wet Karamyk, Surkul, Dry Buffalo, Buffalo Wet.

feature

Kuma River sidla kakhulu imvula nekhephu zinyibilike. Ukususela ekupheleni Novemba ukuya ekuqaleni Matshi, yena icebound, ngoMatshi-Epreli, umkhenkce linyibilike, amanzi asebhotileni. Ekusondeleni kwexesha elidlulileyo entwasahlobo oko kwabhalwa izikhukula ngokungenamkhethe ophezulu, kunye nezikhukula ivamile apha. Ukusukela ku Matshi ukuya ku Juni, kukho iimpuphuma. Ehlotyeni, inqanaba amanzi kunyuka ukuya kwiimitha ezi-5.
Avareji ngonyaka ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi yi 10.6 cubic metres. m, ukuhamba-avareji abhalwe kwi 0,33 cubic metres. km ngonyaka.

Uphawu lwe Kuma River ke amanzi ayo ezinodaka. Oku kungenxa yokuba isiqulatho eliphezulu eziqinileyo. Ngokutsho imithombo, malunga 600 kweetoni eziliwaka izinto ziya kwenziwa ngonyaka. Ngamaxesha izikhukula kunye nasemanzini, eli nani kwandisa ngokubonakalayo. Kule nkalo, i-River Kuma isetyenziswa ikakhulu ngenxa lokunkcenkceshela amazwe ngokoma mmandla.

Mineral Water Isixeko ugeleza onikiweyo kukhethwa umlinganiswa entabeni, yaye emva kokungena kwindawo caba uba umlinganiswa ezolileyo ngakumbi.

umgangatho wamanzi

umgangatho wamanzi kumsinga iyunifomu layo ngokupheleleyo. Ngelo ingcambu, kwiindawo weentaba, ehlukene iphawulwe: nantsi kakhulu calcium yesoda kuqamba. Siqhubekela emlanjeni kwezimbiwa eliphantsi kakhulu, kukho phambi sulfates. Kungenxa yoko le nto umlambo Kuma kummandla aseStavropol na umgangatho wamanzi kakuhle ngokuthi approximating neempawu uyosuleleka, undrinkable.

Zokugcina nemisele

Phezu komlambo kufuphi kwilali igama elifanayo wadala Exemption ndawo. Emva turbidity yayo ukubunjwa zehla kakhulu. ichibi lokwenziwa kucingelwa ukuba yenye yeendawo ezininzi iintlanzi. Ngoko, kuwo wonke unyaka eliphethwe sizibambe, kwaye abaqeqeshiweyo engahlawulwayo. Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-70 iintlanzi, phakathi apho uninzi gudgeon, zeCARP, bream, Pike zahlala.

Ukongeza dama, ezimbini emisele zokunkcenkceshela sakhiwa umlambo Kuma - Kuma-Manych kunye Terek-Kuma. Njengokuba idluliselwe amanzi swimming pool imilambo eziliqela (empumalanga manych et al.), Apho liyaqhubeka, emva kokuba nakwesiphi abathengi.