Saur-Grave: imbali, ilitye lesikhumbuzo, udonga lokungqinga, indawo emephini. Uphi na Saur-Abafileyo?

Kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi, ilivo, amabali, iingoma esizwe kunye iibhaladi zendunduma Savur-Mohyla. Le lesikhumbuzo endala cwaka wazibona ebomini bakhe iziganeko ezininzi bonwabe yaye edanile. Inkalipho nesibindi yabantu, kwaye abavikeli alumkileyo ilizwe lokuzalwa ochazwe ezimnandi abanam. Ngokufanayo, unanamhla andazi apho wathabatha igama layo. Abanye abaphandi bathi ukuba Saur - igama lomntu, ukuze bakhusele imfuno balapho, kodwa kukwayinto kunokwenzeka, kwaye yaba Cossack. Le ndawo ekummandla IDonetsk abakhuselekanga kuhlaselo le AmaTatar, kwaye zange sayithwala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Namhlanje Saur-ingcwaba a yenkcubeko lesikhumbuzo zembali e Ukraine.

indawo igquma

Saur-Ingcwaba yenye amanqaku aphezulu i-Donets Ridge, oko kwisithili zemigodi lommandla IDonetsk. Ukuphakama ndulana ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle imalunga 278 m. Phezu kweentloko ngemihla yamandulo yafakwa post Cossack, ngoko nokuqinisa Mius-ngaphambili. Eli bhotwe yesikhumbuzo yakhiwe emva kokuphela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Kurgan Saur-ingcwaba intsalela kuthintelwe IDonetsk kuluhlu. Ngokomthetho ke ibandakanya isandstone, kwezinye iindawo kuwuma ebonakalayo crystal rock.

Saur-Grave kwi ethafeni ngenxa apho kunokuthi kubonwe kumgama-40 m. Ukususela phezulu zingajongwa zitsho emigodini olungenasiphelo emathafeni Amvrosievsky sisityalo lwesamente. Xa imozulu sunny, ndulana ingaqatshelwa Sea Azov, ngoxa km 90. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kummandla IDonetsk mmandla yabantu banamhla babehlala II leminyaka BC, kuba sohlala kweli xesha lachaphazela encotsheni Saur-Graves. Izizwe isidumbu inkcubeko wenza kubude komthwalo malunga-4 m kanye ububanzi of phantse-32 eemitha.

Igama zendunduma

Ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, "Saur" okanye "livumba" livela zamaTurkic (ukusuka elithi "Sauyr"), oko eliguqulelwa ngokuthi 'ukuphakama enkangala encopho ngeenxa. " Iqela labaphandi nabavumayo ukukholelwa ukuba ndulana ogama emva kokuba isizwe amaSarmatia okanye Savromats. Kodwa intsomi uye wayilondoloza yamabali amaninzi emveli kunye iingoma malunga indoda Saur. Waye umphindezeleli abantu bakaThixo, Cossack, ngubani wafa ezandleni iCrimea AmaTatar, ekhusela abantu bakhe ebukhobokeni.

Amaxesha amandulo

Abembi bezinto zakudala bagubhe gquma wafumana yokungcwaba, yomhla we II nkulungwane BC. e., ixesha inkcubeko isidumbu. Ngubani nje wayengekho kule ndawo. AmaSarmatia, AmaSkitiya, Khazars, Huns, Bulgarians, Cumans, Pechenegs, Mongols kwaye AmaTatar - zonke ezi ngexesha elinye abantu bahlala phezu kwintsimi kummandla IDonetsk yanamhlanje. ixesha elide kungekho mntu waphila apha. Ukuthula kumathafa enkulu wambi yephule abaphangi udanduluka amakhoboka Yek, ingxokolo mbuya, ezize oololiwe of neenqwelo kodwa nemihlambi yezilwanyana zasendle. Lonke elo xesha, bema zingabanjwanga Savur-Mohyla. Apho ke namhlanje ilitye, apho Cossacks wenza onogada, kwaye ngokwabo kakuhle kwizikhewu ezikule eziyingqongileyo. Kulapha ukuba iimfazwe ezininzi igazi le Ukraine nangezinto.

Saur-Ingcwaba ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic

Iminyaka emibini, indawo engqonge ndulana ephantsi sasilawulwa yiJamani. Kulapha ukususela 1941 ukuya 1943 kwakhiwa zokuzikhusela Mius-phambi komgca wokuqala. She Saur-Ingcwaba baseJamani waba ziyakubaluleka ebaluleke kakhulu qhinga. On top of kokuba observatory esekelwe. Ngomhla kwamaxandeka amajoni athatha German amalungiselelo komhlaba, pillboxes, neendebe Nakata vryli vehicles kunye firepower. Ukuze akhusele ukuphakama mortars ezisetyenziswayo, amatanki ilangatye-ilahle, iziqwenga zokudubula.

amajoni eSoviet abajongene nobunzima - kwakufuneka ahlasele, lwehla eweni, ngoxa amaJamani akwazi ukuthatha eli thuba zilinikiweyo nokuthantamisa, yaye ngoko, elisebenzisayo izithuthi vehicles. Saur-Lingcwaba kummandla IDonetsk waqalisa kuhla Agasti 28, 1943, iflegi obomvu kokuba indwe ku kwincopho ngobusuku-29 ngoAgasti 30, kodwa Russian wathabatha ephakeme yokugcina ka-31 kuphela-Agasti. Lokufakwa ababandakanyekayo 96 Guards Rifle Division, 295, 293, 291 iishelfu umpu 34 Guards Rifle Division, 127 Division isabelo. uncedo olukhulu emkhosini yaba "Katyusha" ikuyo kunye nomhlehlo "Ihlow". Xa uthatha indawo wambulala, amajoni amaninzi endilisekileyo nesibindi kunye namagosa, abaninzi kubo kokufa zaye zanikwa odolo.

I lesikhumbuzo lokuqala

Emva kokuphela kwemfazwe kwi Saur-ingcwaba layo lokuqala isikhumbuzo. Le yaba nonyawo-6 yelimestone iphiramidi ngencam inkwenkwezi ebomvu. Ehlabathini lesikhumbuzo ofakelwe iqonga chain fringed, apho babekwa iimbombo eseleyo emva kokuba ngemipu zemfazwe. Kwakhona, kwakukho umbhalo nokukhankanya amagama abo babulala ngexesha lokufakwa ubude amagosa kunye namajoni.

Le yesikhumbuzo yesibini

Ngowe-1960, i-Union of Architects uMmandla IDonetsk ligqibe ekubeni yokubhengeza ukhuphiswano uyilo olutsha lesikhumbuzo. amaqela 37 zokudala kuzo zonke RSFSR thaca izindululo zabo, ukhetho best wanikela Kiev mbutho. bezakhiwo ngenxa Ukrainian Ndizuze lenkumbulo elitsha, yaza yahluzwa ngakumbi Savur-Mohyla. Le lesikhumbuzo yayisakhiwa imali abasebenzi basemgodini aphulukana kwimivuzo yabo yemihla ngemihla. Imali eqokelelweyo Komsomol izixeko ezikufuphi Shakhtersk, Torez kunye nekhephu.

Memorial kumsitho wokuvula kwenzeka ekwindla ka-1967. abantu abangaphezulu kwama-300,000 bahlanganisana imbeko kwisikhumbuzo wamajoni bewile. Kuzo zonke iimbombo eSoviet Union bazizisa ndawonye yinxalenye Soviet Army, abameli bemibutho yoluntu, amagqala. Ngelo xesha kwakukhangeleka Saur-Abafileyo? Photo 60s wasinda namhlanje. Phezulu kumi imitha-36 obelisk eziphathekayo, ofulelwe lenyengane. Ngaphakathi kuyo, abaququzeleli kumlungisela igumbi uzuko wamajoni, equlethe iimephu skeleton, amaphephandaba kunye iincwadi ezifanelekileyo ngexesha lemfazwe, ekumeni kunye iifoto nxaxheba ukuthatha ukuphakama. Kwakhona, iqonga ukubukela eliphezulu zadalwa.

Xa unyawo obelisk bamisela sculpture imitha-9 ijoni ujonge entshona kwaye zixinaniswe ngayo umatshini yaphakamisa kwengalo yasekunene. A cape njengegorha, apho imigangatho likhona umoya. Le Umfanekiso yenziwe elingqukuva intsimbi, ngo-1975 kufuphi naye wazimisa amadangatye obungunaphakade. Le obelisk linokufikeleleka ngeendlela ezimbini. Enye avenue wabeka oovulindlela bevela kulo lonke USSR, kwaye eyesibini - abameli uTshawe-imizi. Indlela eya ndulana Komsomol watyala nemipopulari maples. Kuphela ngabo kwabasukela phezulu ngezinyuko ebanzi, vula isesebuqaqawulini bayo yonke Savur-Mohyla.

Imbali ezo ziganeko ezoyikekayo ezigcinwe kwi ezinkulu iipayiloni ezine ukulwa tye. Ngamnye kubo anikelwe uhlobo oluthile yongungelwano: i zokudubula, elihamba, eyama, nabasebenza itanki. Zonke Imifanekiso aphezulu kunye nemibhalo zililo zisekelwe iziganeko ngokwenene. On the iipayiloni phofu bungaphumi abalinganiswa etsomo, yaye amajoni namagosa nomkhosi. Xa unyawo Saur-akuMazwe i mkhanya kumgangatho ongezantsi, nelinika imbono lexi hlamarisaka yonke isakhiwo lenkumbulo. Lubeke ezigcinwe ukusukela zokudubula imfazwe, i "Katyusha" edumileyo, amatanki kunye mortars. Phezulu zendunduma helipad ezingaphuhliswanga.

Umnyhadala kufuphi Saur-Graves

Yonke le sibini ekuqaleni ukusuka Torez nekhephu emva kokuba umsitho womtshato kokuba uye esidulini ukuze ekhwela encotsheni, ukuba babeke iintyatyambo ukuya lesikhumbuzo, ngaloo imbeko kwisikhumbuzo amajoni bawa. Ngamaxesha Soviet ngayo kwi Saur-Engcwabeni abantu abaselula banikwa amatikiti Komsomol. Kufutshane lesikhumbuzo uya inani elikhulu labantu kabini ngonyaka: ngoMhla Liberation of Donbass (8 Septemba) kunye Day Victory (Meyi 9). Ngelishwa, umsebenzi wokwakha, kwaze kwandwendwelwa yokunikana ndulana kwi ubukhulu becala ezonakeleyo eziphilayo yayo. Ukuba emathafeni ngaphambili sene iintsiba, ngoku wambu ukhula.

Saur-Ingcwaba in lwemveli

Iye yasinda amabali ezininzi malunga ngemvelaphi esidulini. Ibali ithandwayo Cossack Saur, okanye Savka, ngubani isithuba patrol umlindi Cossack, kakuhle oxhobele encotsheni esidulini. Warriors miss AmaTatar ibhasi kwaye na ixesha ningawuphembi umlilo. Kubhazabhaza nentlungu phakathi ovuthayo umlilo kwaye lweMedia, kodwa Saur uphume-bume akhohlwa, kuba apho Ndihlawule ubomi bakhe. Esidulini ngokwayo ngoko kukhula, ngoko ngokubuyisela i Cossacks wabona udade yakhe phezu zendunduma. Apho bamngcwaba, kunye neminqwazi wenza eziphezulu kakhulu.

Xa lwemveli Ukrainian walondoloza banentsomi malunga umlimi oselula, ngesibindi Saur. Ban bhuti umtshakazi wakhe, ngoko ke abantu abaselula waya ehlathini ukuze abe umphindezeleli ngabantu bakaThixo. Okokuqala aqhubana ngayo umoni. Saur wabulala Pan yaye umlilo igama lakhe, ngoko ke baphanga zonke abazizityebi ngokubanika kude ubutyebi babo kumahlwempu. Ekufeni kwakhe, uTshawe wangcwatywa phezulu zendunduma.

Saur-Ingcwaba - ilitye lesikhumbuzo yembali e Ukraine

Kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi, ugxininiso wahlala ndunduma odumileyo. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, yena wafumana amabali kunye neziganeko Savur-Mohyla entsha. Kwimephu kulula ukufumana, esidulini ifumaneka kufuphi kwilali Saurovka, kufutshane nedolophu Shakhtersk. Namhlanje, izakhiwo sisikhumbuzo, ngokunjalo yena induli akhuselwe ngumthetho. Legendary Saur-Mogila ibhengeze lesikhumbuzo lidala yaye lo amaqhawe yobugorha yabantu Ukrainian.