Scheme esizisebenzelayo esebenzayo. Kutheni kuyimfuneko?

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, lo matshini iinkqubo ekuvelisweni sobhedu efanelekileyo emangalisayo kunye ngakumbi kwaye waqalisa ngakumbi iindlela ezintsha, izixhobo kunye neenkqubo zokunciphisa umthwalo phezu kwabantu, uqala kwi-buciko. Xa izityalo ezininzi kuvela oomatshini abazisebenzelayo ukuba enze yonke imisebenzi efanayo, kodwa ngokuchanileyo enkulu kakhulu kwaye ixesha elincinci. Ngaphezu koko, ngokwahlukileyo kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba matshini uyakwazi ukunciphisa ingozi yokuba abantu ngaphambili ukusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezinzima kakhulu eyingozi. Ngoku akuyomfuneko ukuba babe phakathi into eyenzekayo - kubaqhubi ukuphatha kubo kumgama igumbi ekhuselekileyo.

Ngenxa yoko, nathi ngokukhuselekileyo sithi matshini - oku intshukumo kwixesha elizayo, inkqubela emangalisayo oko kuphela ukuze kuzuze uluntu. Noko ke, kweli nqaku ke asithethi thina malunga esizisebenzelayo xa lilonke, kwaye nguye lo matshini kwenkqubo, njengoko wenza nokuba ukusebenzisa njani na. lo mqondo ungase kubonakale engaqhelekanga kubantu abaninzi. Phantse akukho bani unako ukuluhlutha nje baqikelele ukuba yintoni okanye ukuba limela. Konke oku kuya kuxoxwa ngazo nzulu ngezantsi, kodwa kuqala ukuqonda, kufuneka ukuba inkqubo esizisebenzelayo - le nto ebaluleke kakhulu, ngaphandle apho zokusebenzisa le nkqubo bekuya kuba nzima.

Yintoni a block umzobo ezisebenzayo?

Phambi kokuba bajongane le nto iphambili kweli nqaku, yona matshini esi skim, kubalulekile ukunikela ingqalelo into yokuba uninzi eli gama adityaniswa yaye Isichazi "esebenza". Kodwa akazange ziphela - yonke into uba kuphela edidayo ngakumbi. Yintoni a block umzobo ezisebenzayo? Ngoko wabiza uxwebhu ukuba wadalwa ukuze kucaciswe kwaye nokuchaza kwiinkqubo ezithile ngokweenkcukacha esivulekayo iyunithi enye okanye kwindawo ethile. Ngenxa yoko, kukhuselekile ukucinga ukuba busebenze esizisebenzelayo kule meko bekuya kuba ingcaciso (nokuba ngokuyinxenye kufanekisela) ngenxa automating inkqubo ngalo naliphi na ishishini elithile. Kakade ke, oku ilula inkcazelo eqhelekileyo, yaye ngoko ke kufuneka lokumba ukufunda eli nqaku, kuba iya kuba iinkcukacha ngakumbi kuchaziwe yonke into enxulumene nale mbono, ukuphunyezwa kwayo kunye nesicelo practice.

Utshintsho kule minyaka yakutsha nje

Akubuzwa ukuba yonke imilinganiselo yayo. Apho ke akukho nto efana scheme esizisebenzelayo: GOST. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba imigangatho musa ukuma ngxi, yaye ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ophezulu ngobuchwepheshe ezinjalo. Kule minyaka ilishumi yokugqibela litshintshile kakhulu isethi iindlela zobugcisa ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo esizisebenzelayo, kangangokuba iye yatshintsha kunye nemigangatho.

Ngoku iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwi-super-computers zale mihla ezinokwenza ukubonisa amandla computing kakhulu umdla ngaphezu kwiminyaka efanayo elishumi eyadlulayo ezenzekelayo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ngoku bubekho imisebenzi ngaphezulu ukuba iinkqubo nokuhambisa, kuquka ekulondolozweni iziphumo naliphi na ixesha elithile, imveliso ulwazi ngalo naliphi na ixesha ngendlela elula, ukusekwa ufana nqwa ezizodwa oluneenkcukacha, esizokwenza ukusebenzisa izinketho ukuba ulawulo emangalisayo eqondile phezu phantse zonke systems.

Ngoku ke nabahloli ziye eshwankathelwe kakhulu ngakumbi, ukuba zibekwe kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo kufutshane inkqubo ezenzekelayo, yaye umgama ekude, evumela inkqubo yolawulo dyondzisaka. Ngoko ke ngokulula ucinge iya kwahluka kakhulu ukusuka kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo iskim uxwebhu esizisebenzelayo mihla ngayo. GOST 2006 kuya kuba ngenene engenakusebenza namhlanje, enyanisweni, njengoko iinkqubo automated ukuba ngoku kutshintshwa kuze kufakwe omnye kakhulu ngempumelelo.

njani icebo matshini?

Yinto akukho mfihlakalo ukuba cebo onjalo yenye amaxwebhu ibaluleke kakhulu yoyilo mveliso esizisebenzelayo, ivenkile okanye naziphi na ezinye iiyunithi zemveliso. Wachaza ngokweenkcukacha imizuzu yonke eziya kubandakanya automation, kuquka izixhobo zobuchwepheshe, ulawulo lale izixhobo, unxibelelwano kunye nobudlelwane phakathi lweziqalelo, kwaye njalo njalo.

Kwakhona kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba ezibalulekileyo elikhethiweyo iisekethe esizisebenzelayo - baze bajike uxwebhu elula icebo elula ecacileyo. Enye look at ngokwanele ukuba baphonononge ngokubanzi yonke inkqubo esizisebenzelayo nokuqonda oko nendlela iya kuphunyezwa. Wandise lo matshini uyilo kufuneka bha kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kuba ngokwesiseko kumzobo iza kuphuhliswa sele namanye amaxwebhu afanelekileyo, eziza kusetyenziswa kwixesha elizayo. Ngoko ke, eli cebo nje uyazi, kukuba omnye weyona milenze ibaluleke gqitha yonke inkqubo esizisebenzelayo, nokusetyenziswa kwayo kufuneka zibe kwelona nqanaba liphezulu - phantsi nkcukacha zincinane.

Yintoni kubonisiwe kulo mzobo?

scheme esebenzayo matshini - oku umfanekiso eneenkcukacha zonke izinto zokuvelisa kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi kwabo. Okokuqala, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ngokupheleleyo zonke izinto eboniswe kwi scheme lunemiqathango, oko kukuthi, akukho mfuneko bahambelana ibukeke ngokwenyani. Okwesibini, i-asakhasayo anayenza, ukuze isicwangciso ayinanto yakwenza nendlela zonke izixhobo ibekwe olinganise yokwenene xa zizalwa. Ukuze kujongwane nalo eli cebo, kufuneka uqonde ukuba umzobo enemiqathango kuphela, enika umbukeli ngengcamango emalunga nendlela izinto yokusebenza kwenkqubo yemveliso, yaye baya kusebenzisana kunye nenkqubo esizisebenzelayo.

scheme esebenzayo esizisebenzelayo, umgaqo, ngendlela eqhelekileyo, kangangokuba uninzi miqondiso mgangathweni. Ngokomzekelo, xa iindwendwe kufuneka ezibonisa izixhobo kunye nonxibelelwano ezingcakacileyo, imigca, lo gama imilambo inkqubo designated enonophele. Kukho iziqu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, kunye? ukufumana kwabo bonke, kufuneka uqhelane kunye neendwendwe.

uhlobo olufanayo kwezixhobo

Scheme of esizisebenzelayo iinkqubo kuba zininzi kakhulu. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo kwezixhobo zibandakanyiwe kwisicwangciso, iqela iivenkile ezithengisa ezihlangeneyo, kuyimfuneko ukuba bacinge kwanokwandisa inkqubo yokucwangcisa. Kwaye ke elinomthetho wokuqala isebenza kwizixhobo efanayo. Isibakala sokuba eli cebo kudla ngokuquka inani elikhulu lweziqalelo, njengoko kumasebe ahlukeneyo zifuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Nakuba kunjalo, ukuba oko kuyenzeka ukuba kukho uhlobo olufanayo bezixhobo okanye elements, zingakotshwa Zichazwe ngumyalelo scheme enye, emnika ilinki kwenye indawo.

Masithi kufuneka izixhobo ezifanayo ezintlanu ukuba ufuna ukubonisa kuxwebhu ecacisiweyo. Ukuba wenza okufanayo, usebenzisa mgaqo lo matshini. Oko kukuthi, ungenza i schema ukuba yokuqala yezi zixhobo, uze ucacise ukuba cebo efanayo kusebenza eseleyo izixhobo ezine. Njengoko ubona, beesekethe ulawulo esizisebenzelayo Ndineendawo ezininzi ezinomdla kunye ezibalulekileyo Kubalulekile ukuhlola, njengoko lula kakhulu ubomi bakho kwaye iya kwenza inkqubo zibelula nezinempumelelo.

kunye nezimpawu Tables

Kubonakala ukuba makangakhohlisi esinjengeempawu yezikimu matshini kufuneka kwenziwe ngendlela kangako, kodwa ke eneneni kude kwimeko, kwaye ilawulwa ngci kakhulu. Ufuna ukwenza itheyibhile ehlukeneyo imiqondiso, nto leyo eya kuba imihlathi emibini - omnye uya kuba igama isixhobo esithile, kukho unxibelelwano ngqo njalo njalo, kwaye enye eboniswe ngqo kanye isimboli. Kulo mzekelo, zonke iimeko kakhulu ezinzima - nokuba anikwe kumhlathi ububanzi ethile itafile, ukuze ningabi banikwe isithuba lengqondo.

Kakade ke, unako ceba iimpawu zakho, kodwa apha, kwakhona, uye imithetho yayo, nto leyo ngokuqhelekileyo babambelele bonke. Oko kukuthi, akukho uphawulo ezithile, umzekelo, ukudibanisa imibhobho okanye ekudibaneni zabo, kodwa ke kwiimeko ezininzi athatyathiweyo ukumela kuzo ziyakuvumela kunye nezinye imigca nganye, kwakunye oluqhubayo kunye nezinye i discontinuous okanye imigca mnye mabini, elinye kuzo ezisebenza begoba omise kwi kuhlangana. Kodwa kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba enoba usebenzisa i ubhalo oluqhelekileyo, usafuna ukukhankanya kuyo kwetafile yeesimboli. Kuphela ngale ndlela yenza inkqubo esebenzayo matshini.

iisimboli ncwadi

Elinye lamanqaku aphambili kwizikimu automation ke, kungakhathaliseki nokuba ngaba umzobo okanye itafile udandalaziso ezisebenzayo esizisebenzelayo ezi namagama ncwadi. Badlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye enze isixa umxhelo intsingiselo, ngoko umele ngokuqinisekileyo ufunde oko amele enye okanye enye ileta, ebhalwe phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Okokuqala zonke uqaphele ukuba le ncwadi efanayo kunokuba neentsingiselo eziliqela. Umzekelo, kusenokuba ingasetyenziswa ukuchaza ukuba ixabiso elilinganiselweyo yaye ngaxeshanye uphawu isixhobo ezisebenzayo. Ewe, uninzi oonobumba unayo nayiphi na enye izihionipho ezimbini ngasentla. Umzekelo, "A" imele zokubonisa, yaye "E" ibonisa ixabiso sombane. Kodwa kukho iileta ingachazwa olunye okanye kwelinye icandelo. Umzekelo, "H" - kwaye kube ngesandla ukusebenza kunye elilelona liphezulu kwiqondo measurand.

Ngaphezu koko, ezinye iincwadi kubonisa kuphela kwixabiso elilinganisiweyo, kodwa usathabatha amaxabiso amabini - eziziprayimari nezizisekondari. Okunye kanye, eli iba lelona measurand isiqu engundoqo kwaye ngakumbi, esicacisa ixabiso elilinganisiweyo. Ukuze kukunceda uqonde, unako ukunika umzekelo i "D" ileta. Eyona Ixabiso ukuba umele phezu zemizobo - lexinene. Kodwa kwakhona kuba ingcaciso eyongezelelweyo yezinye amaxabiso. Kule fomu, iya kubonisa umahluko okanye umehluko. Ngokubanzi, mshini ncwadi kufuneka ihlawulwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo, ingakumbi ngenxa yokuba nazo usebenzisa zikhankanywe ngasentla umgaqo umzobo ibhloko kulo matshini.

iindlela ezimbini lokudala iziphaluka

scheme esizisebenzelayo unokuba iindlela ezimbini ngokwe, le nto ibalulekile kakhulu. Zinelungelo nempembelelo enkulu kwindlela kubhaliwe kwixesha elizayo yonke scheme ungatsaleleka up. Ngoko ke, le ndlela kube lula kwaye yandiswe. Kwimeko yokuqala, isiphaluka leyo lula ngolona hlobo. Ngokukhethekileyo, oku kuchazwe into yokuba zonke izixhobo esizisebenzelayo efakwe kwi sicwangciso zimelwe ngokulinganayo, okt azinazo iimpawu ezithile. Ke yona indlela yesibini, yonke into kakhulu ezinokuntsonkotha eyahlukeneyo. Ngayinye esizisebenzelayo lisetyenziswa kwi Iwawo uphawulo, obo, ngokwemvelo, nâzo encwadini itafile eyahlukileyo, oko sele ikhankanywe apha ngasentla.

Luphawu kusetyenziswa zombini iindlela, nje ngamnye kubo isetyenziswa ngokuxhomekeke meko. Kwezinye iimeko, kulula kakhulu ukuba wenze umzobo, apho zonke izixhobo iza kuchongwa njengento enye. Oku kuya kuvumela ukuqonda lwenkqubo xa iyonke. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kubaluleke ngakumbi kukuba ingqondo enzulu yenkqubo esizisebenzelayo, ngoko zonke iinkcukacha nkqubo ngokwahlukileyo esemnyango. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba nkqu kulo mzekelo, izinga linokunyhashwa. Ngohlobo ngalunye schemes kusenokwenzeka ukuba wenziwe esizisebenzelayo ngokupheleleyo. Izikim kwezobugcisa kuba kakhulu kunene, kodwa babe bengenazo ezinye uhlobo avareji. Ngamnye wahlukile kancinci, nokuba kuthathelwa ingqalelo into yokuba kakhulu kuyo kufuneka athobele nemigangatho eyamkelweyo.

Graphics izixhobo esizisebenzelayo

Yokusetyenziswa scheme inkqubo esizisebenzelayo kungaquka iqela elikhulu imiqondiso, kodwa kukho abo ukuba ubone apho kaninzi. Sithetha malunga nobhalo ukuba ebotshelelwe izixhobo ezithile izixhobo esizisebenzelayo, esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo mihla. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iintlobo zazo ikhona isixa esikhulu kwaye ngoku yenza akukho ingqiqo uluhlu kubo bonke. Kodwa cinga nje embalwa, ezifana primary samaza, nto leyo efuziselwa ilula kakhulu - ngoncedo wesangqa. Kodwa xa ubona isangqa, lwahlulwe kwimigca emibini, oko kuya kuba isixhobo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo - isixhobo efakwe kwi elawulwa kude.

Ukuba ubona isangqa, apho isuka ukusuka kumgca othe ngqo phantsi, oko kuthetha ukuba ufuna actuator - kodwa nje ligama. Kukho iindidi eziliqela actuators, nganye apho isimboli aguqulwa ukuba izinto ezongezelelekileyo, ezifana utolo kwi ekupheleni imigca ethe ngqo kunye ode ukuya epatini, kunye imigca emibini ezimfutshane ngqo, iqabele nkqo kulowo ngqo kumgca elide, incwadi embindini wesangqa njalo njalo. Umlawuli yonyulwa ukuba uhlobo "yesaphetha" - oonxantathu ezimbini ezichukumisa enye eziphezulu. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele, kunye Khetha isixhobo ukuba akukho ngokusisigxina incamathele njengesixhobo sakhe. It luchazwa ngumntu semi-kwisangqa umgca ngqo oqala nge-it up.

Amanani kule nkqubela

Esathetha nje malunga nobhalo lomzobo ukuba ungafumana kule nkqubela esebenzayo esizisebenzelayo, yaye sathetha ngayo oonobumba, apho kwaye kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwezi zicwangciso. Kodwa musa ukulibala ukuba amanani kwakhona isetyenziswe ekulungisweni yomzobo enjalo. kufuneka baqonde ukuba lo mzobo ukusebenza kufanele kuphawulwe yonke, yaye iindlela ezininzi kukho gama, ngcono kwaye ngakumbi kucace scheme iya kukhululwa. Ngoko ke, kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo usebenzise amanani njengolona ncedo kukuba emva kwabo akukho ezifakwe naziphi amaxabiso. Kuya kufuneka ukuba ukudala itafile epheleleyo apho uchaza ukubaluleka eqhotyoshelwe kule okanye loo nani. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba kungcono aqhoboshele iisimboli abaxabise efanayo, ezinxulumene.

Njengoko scheme esizisebenzelayo umzekelo ezisendleleni. Amanani kunokwenzeka ukuchonga zonke izinto, ezithi zivele ngezigaba ezithile kumbhobho. Umfanekiso 1 - kuba amanzi, nani 2 - Izibini-3 - moya njalo njalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwisekethe nganye inayo data yayo ekhethekileyo, kunjalo uphawulo nje umzekelo. Ukhululekile ukuba ukhethe ukuba ukubonisa njani into ethile sodweliso lwakho ngoncedo yamanani.

Ngenxa yoko, ukuba uthi matshini - le yinkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye ezixhaphakileyo namhlanje, nto leyo idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso kushishino, kwimveliso kunye ngokubanzi kuyo nayiphi inkalo yomsebenzi. Ngoko uqulunqa inkqubo esizisebenzelayo ezisebenzayo abanobuchule nezichanekileyo - kukwayinto entle sisakhono luncedo kakhulu, kuba maxwebhu ngokusebenzisa inkqubo esizisebenzelayo yenziwa kakhulu ngokukhawuleza nangobuchule. Iskimu esizisebenzelayo eneenkcukacha ngqo - isiqinisekiso komgangatho ngokwenziwa kwesicwangciso kunye isebenza zemveliso ezenzekelayo. Ngoko ke, le umba namhlanje ihlawulwa loo ngenyameko.