Serapion Brothers: imbali neefoto

Emva kokuba October noFebruwari neziphithiphithi ukuba baqhubekeke ilizwe enkulu kwelinye icala, nokugqama ngokukhawuleza zonke iintlobo kwimpucuko kwimizobo yaqala eRashiya. iqela yoncwadi "Serapion Brothers" yaba siphila ixesha elifutshane, nangona kunjalo, wayishiya uphawu yayo kwimbali uncwadi, yaye ubomi lobuqu ngamnye amalungu ayo. Ngehlazo "Serapion" bahlala kunye nabo de ekupheleni kwemihla. Xa 1920 kwakusasa wayengomnye nemibutho abaziwayo zoncwadi, apho kumalungu alo Ababhali ezifana uMikhail Zoshchenko, Veniamin Kaverin, Lev Luntz, Vsevolod ivanov, uMikhail Slonimsky. Abadani phezu kunina, iprozi eSoviet abaselula ngokukhawuleza utshiswe, "Serapion Bazalwana" ekungazanga ukukhanyisa iindlela ezintsha ezinye ababhali abaninzi.

prehistory

Ngowe-1919, xa wadalwa indlu epapasha "World Literature" Uqobo Translation Studio. Noko ke, intlanganiso yabantu abatsha ababeze ukufunda eli art, waqala ukuba ebanzi. Ukuthetha ngayo uncwadi, ubugcisa umbhali kunye undoqo lwezobugcisa isiqulatho iphambili ibandla. Kungekudala, ke similise studio zoncwadi. Umqalisi lombutho wayo UNikolai Gumilyov, kunye nolawulo wathabatha phezu Chukovski. Andrey Bely, N. Zamyatin, Chukovsky, Gumilev, Shklovsky yaqhutywa kwiintlanganiso iisemina kunye nezifundo. Shirilos inani abalandeli, yaye ngo-1920 yaba ngabantu 350. Ababhali, leyo ngokusondeleyo ngaphakathi istudiyo, ezahlulwe ndadala iqela "Serapion Brothers". Amalungu ale lombutho wabanxusa ukuba akukho isikolo yoncwadi, kodwa kuphela uluntu nabagxeki, ababhali kunye iimbongi, ezinxulumene ziimbono abaqhelekileyo kwi ngomxholo zobugcisa.

Poetics igama association zoncwadi

Ukuba akukho yincwadi yamabali amafutshane "Serapion Bazalwana" (Hoffmann), nto leyo ixesha elide ilele phezu kwetafile umvakalisi, igama le-Commonwealth ngababhali abatsha kunokuba ezahlukeneyo. Noko ke, kubonakala ukuba zingqinelane nomgaqo ephambili yale qela. Kwincwadi Hoffmann equlathe 22 ibali, ubalisa ibali liqela abahlobo ngemva ngokwahlukana elide. Omnye kubo uxela ukudibana kwakhe Count isisihiba; lowo ukholwayo nohlobo nolulahlekisayo leyinene. Ukwala ezikhona, banyamekele ubuchule free ihlabathi ezenza ingcamango esisiseko kulo msebenzi, yengcono eyenzeka neminqweno ababhali abaselula.

Ngoobani aba babhali? "Bazalwana Serapion": uluhlu-nxaxheba

Phantse ngoko nangoko emva indalo yayo, ulwamkelo kwiqela boncwadi kwamalungu amatsha kwaphela. Lokuqala - kwaye uluhlu lokugqibela nxaxheba iye immortalized kwi ifoto ngo-1921. Yena ndayitywina Lev Luntz, UNikolai Nikitin, uMikhail Slonimsky, kulya Gruzdev, uKonstantin Fedin, Vsevolod ivanov, uMikhail Zoshchenko, Veniamin Kaverin, Elizabeth Polonskaya, UNikolai Tikhonov. Phantse ngendlela ababekwe basiwa kwiqela. Abanye abaphandi phakathi kwabathabathi nxaxheba kunye Viktora Shklovskogo, nangona ingqalelo umsebenzi wakhe ngaphandle kolawulo nayiphi na imibutho.

Umxholo iintlanganiso Serapions

Yoncwadi iqela "Serapion Bazalwana" indawo iintlanganiso zawo ukuze ukhethe igumbi Slonimsky. umfanekiso wakhe baba luphawu qela. abahlalutyi boncwadi bayavuma ukuba intlanganiso kwenzeka ngoMgqibelo, nangona eneneni abaxhasi bakwazi ukuhlangabezana kunye lolunye usuku lweveki. Ezintlanganisweni, sifunda imisebenzi amalungu eqela, ezithi ke ngoko azixoxwa ngokwenkcukacha futhi ulukhuni. Ababhali kuphikisana ngokuthi art, ucinga ngeendlela ezintsha kuphuhliso loncwadi. Unga ndiyaqonda ukuba iingxoxo baba shushu nangokweemvakalelo.

uphumo lwencwadi

Le Serapions yokuqokelela ngokudibeneyo kuphela kukhutshwa ngo-1922. Wakhululwa eRashiya, yaye kamva e Berlin, zincediswa yi-Article I. Gruzdev "ubuso imaski." Phambi kokukhutshwa anthology kwemisebenzi ngamalungu "Serapion Bazalwana" ayesaziwa kakuhle ngezangqa boncwadi. Phakathi abayithandayo abo bathathwa Gorky, olubonwa evela imbalelwano yakhe Shklovsky. Yena Wayenomdla kukhupho yeemveliso ezintsha, wabanika amanqaku aphezulu kakhulu.

Ku kakhulu ngakumbi ovalelweyo Tynyanov. Kwinqaku yakhe "bazalwana Serapion. Almanac I »uchaza ingqokelela njengenyathelo lokuqala kutyibilika, apho kungekho amabali ngendlela igqityiwe (kwaye akusoloko izakwenza umsebenzi ongcono). Ummeli we "ukucaciselwa elihle" M. Kuzmin zizonke basabela yaku- ngale anthology, ukubhala amabali ukuba Serapions 1920 sele kuphelelwa ngo-1922.

abazalwana eziteketiso

Ekuqaleni, lo intlanganiso "Serapion Bazalwana" sasifana intlanganiso "Society of the Arzamas yabantu ezingaziwayo", lumanyanisa ababhali isangqa Pushkin kaThixo. Ukusuka apho, ingcamango lweziqhulo ahlekisayo athathiweyo, ezibe ukuba ababhali yobomi. Abanye babo ukhankanya Vladimir Posner kwileta eya A. M. Remizovu. I. Gruzdev igama elithi "Mzalwana Abbot," Nikitin - "mzalwana canonarch" LA Luntz - "umzalwana luhadi", B. Posner - "umninawa omncinci", Shklovsky - ". Umzalwana-kicker" Ngaphandle amagama abo Zamyatin, Zoshchenko noN Chukovsky. iintlanganiso rhoqo weza Akhmatova, Boris Annenkov, AI Odoyevtseva kunye nabanye. Kwakhona bathatha inxaxheba kwiingxoxo mpikiswano, nangona ezingaqukwanga kwi qela. Ukongeza, kananjalo kwabakho "amantombazana Institute serapionovskih", eziquka M. Alonkina, li Sazonov, Z. Gatskevich (kamva umfazi Nikitin), I. Kaplan-Ingel (kamva umfazi Slonim).

Lev Luntz and "Serapion Brothers"

Young Lev Luntz oneminyaka engama-20 ubudala sele inkokeli ongamiselwanga qela. Smart, njalo aphilileyo, emangalisayo abanetalente - kwintlanganiso yokuqala Serapions leyo "seliphantse ukugqitha" oogxa babo. Luntz uye wahlala iminyaka 23 kuphela, kodwa yakwazi ukuhamba uphawu lwalo ezintliziyweni ababhali. Lunts obituary wabhala Gorky, N. Berberova, Tynyanov, Fedin. Wabizwa ngokuba "inkwenkwe faun 'ngaphakathi phezu amandla ngohlangothi lo mfo ezaliswe zonke iintlanganiso yeqela ebizwa ngokuba" Serapion Brothers ". Association Uqobo elimkhethileyo yinkokeli ingcamango. Le ndoda ulutsha lude wayefuna ukuba banikezele kuqulunqo, Noko ke, akazange abe ixesha ukwenza oku.

Ekupheleni imi- 20-uyilo Lunz wafumana ibala ezingqondweni njenge ngokunzulu anti-yeSoviet yaye zinkuni, kwaye nangakumbi nto ayizange ashicilelwe. Isizathu sokuba isimo sengqondo esinjalo ziyalandeleka ukuba zifundwe kunye neSiqendu Lunz "Kutheni" Serapion Bazalwana ", eyaba imanifesto qela. Kuyo, uthi imigaqo yenkululeko ingqondo yemveli, ubomi ngaphandle imimiselo kunye nemigaqo.

Bayahlelwa manyano

Kuba urhulumente waseSoviet ukuba kukho iqela ngokuzimeleyo ababhali wayengekho mhle kakhulu. Ngowe-1922, kulindixesha "Notes yoncwadi" baba izincoko ngokuphila Serapions. Emva koku, eli phulo lonke ngokuba ukwahlula ababhali elikhokelwa Lunacharsky noTrotsky wema. Lo msebenzi Kwabekwa ngokucacileyo: ngegqudu qela. Abo uyavuma ukuba basebenzisane nabasemagunyeni, kwaye wathembisa ukuba izenzo zabo ziya kuprintwa. Kuba Umbhali Soviet sele yimpumelelo enkulu. Ezinye Serapions angene labakhandi "Circle", owayekho ngenxa imidlalo imali.

Ngokuthe ngcembe ibandla baba ngakumbi yaye kunqabile kakhulu. Ngokusemthethweni, iqela apheliswe wayengekho kobuhlobo nemvisiswano phakathi kwamalungu ayo kulo ebomini. Noko ke, phezu ngokuhlwa igqiba Zoscheko seza ngo-1926. De-1929, umbutho "Bazalwana Serapion" nangoku etsha kwizangqa boncwadi. Ngokufika kwe-Union of Ababhali ubukho nawuphi na umbutho oluzimeleyo, ngokubanzi, iye izakungenzeki.

Nangona imbali yawo emfutshane, iqela "Serapion Bazalwana" ibaluleke kakhulu iincwadi Russian lwekhulu XX. Ukususela akuyo washiya inani ngababhali ezinkulu, kwaye ushiye uphawu wayo kungqinwa yokuba 1946 amalungu ayo kwakhona abakhankanywe ummiselo odumileyo Zhdanov. Ngoko ke, kwiminyaka emininzi emva ekuweni ingalo Soviet yalela got ababhali abanxaxhayo, wabetha Zoshchenko, Tikhonov kunye Slonimsky inani kwezohlwayo ayabiza.