UMikhail Zoshchenko: ubomi, ingqondo yemveli. Stories abantwana

Zoshchenko uMikhail Mikhailovich, umbhali odumileyo Russian wemidlalo, wazalwa ngo-1894, ngoJulayi 29 (ngokutsho kweminye imithombo, ngo-1895), eSt Petersburg. uyise wakhe Njengegcisa abhadulayo, kunye nomama wakhe - ngumdlali weqonga. Okokuqala siza kuthetha ngendlela kwakukho ubomi lombhali, uMikhail Zoshchenko. Biography enikwe ngezantsi ichaza iziganeko eziphambili ebomini bakhe. Thetha ngazo, sibheka kuzo nenkcazelo uMikhail Mikhailovich.

Imfundo kwi zada kwi St Petersburg Institute

Abazali ngowe-1903, wamnika unyana wakhe kufunda inombolo yesikolo St. Petersburg 8. Michael Zoshchenko, ogama engobomi unako zenziwe kuquka ngokusekelwe iinkumbulo zakhe kunye nemisebenzi, ebalisa ngaloo minyaka, waphawula ukuba wafunda embi kakhulu, ingakumbi ngolwimi Russian. Yokubhala uviwo, wavuka omnye. Noko ke, uMikhail uthi nokuba ngelo xesha wayefuna ukuba ngumbhali. Kodwa ngokuba yena kuphela ngokudala amabali uMikhail Zoshchenko kunye nemibongo.

Ubomi maxa wambi ngamazwi. Waqala kokuqamba kwi iminyaka esithoba, umbhali elizayo odumileyo - eli lihambe kancinane kakhulu umfundi eklasini lolwimi Russian! Ukungaphumeleli kuye kwabonakala engaqhelekanga kuye. Zoschenko Mihail Mihaylovich ithi ngeli xesha kude wafuna ukuzibulala. Noko ke, isiphelo igcinwe.

Emva kokuba ephumelele ngo-1913, umbhali elizayo waya kufunda eSt Petersburg University, Faculty of Law. Emva konyaka ka ukungahlawulwa kweefizi zezifundo, wagxothwa apho. Zoshchenko kwafuneka aye emsebenzini. Yena waqala umsebenzi umphathi wendlela kaloliwe abaseAfrika.

sempi

ubomi lwarhoqo waphazanyiswa leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. UMichael wagqiba ukuba nabo bafake emkhosini. Okokuqala waba ngodaba afuna, waya Pavlovsk Military School, ngoko izidanga inyanga-kwezine kwezi ndawo, waya ngaphambili.

Zoshchenko waphawula ukuba kungekho mazwi ubuzwe, ukuba nje akwazi ukuhlala ixesha elide endaweni enye. Noko ke, kule nkonzo, uMikhail amanqaku. Waye-nxaxheba iimfazwe ezininzi, yena gassed, owenzakeleyo. Waqala ukuthatha inxaxheba ukulwa kunye elikwinqanaba kwibhanile, Zoshchenko sele umthetheli lachithwa kwi reserve (isizathu - imiphumo yityhefu gas). Ukongeza, ukuba yanikezelwa kunye iimbasa 4 Merit Military.

Buyela Petrograd

UMikhail, wabuyela Petrograd, idibene uV-Kerbits Kerbitskoy, umfazi wakhe elizayo. Emva kokuba February Revolution Zoshchenko wamiselwa yintloko kusungulwe kunye imeyile, kwakunye ingqwayi-Main Ejongene nezokuxhumana. Emva koko ibe luhambo oluya Arkhangelsk, umsebenzi mkhosi brigade, kwakunye unyulo uMikhail Mikhailovich oonobhala kwinkundla regimental.

Inkonzo kwi-Red Army

Nangona kunjalo, ubomi ngoxolo lomncedis kwakhona - eli xesha yi-revolution kunye nengcitho imfazwe yobukhaya. UMikhail Mikhailovich ngokwala kwakhe ukuya kulwa. Njengevolontiya, wangena Red Army (ngoJanuwari 1919). Lusetyenziswa mkhosi regimental webutho, yamahlwempu basemaphandleni. Zoshchenko inxaxheba iimfazwe Narva nxamnye Yamburg kunye Bulak-Balakhovich. Emva yesifo sentliziyo, uMikhail Mikhailovich kwafuneka demobilize aze abuyele Petrograd.

Zoshchenko kwixesha ukususela ngo-1918 ukuya 1921 kungena amanye inkitha lwemisebenzi. Kamva, wabhala ukuba wazama isandla sakhe malunga 10-12 imisebenzi. Wayesebenza ipolisa, kwaye umchweli, kunye umkhandi, kwaye arhente ye-Criminal Investigation Department.

Ubomi lenzolo

Umbhali ngoJanuwari 1920, uphila emva kokufa nonina. Lo nyaka umtshato wakhe ziquka Kerbits-Kerbitskoy. Kunye nayo, yena ezinambuzelayo esitratweni. B. Zelenin. Usapho Zoschenko, unyana Valery wazalwa ngo May 1922. UMikhail Mikhailovich ngo-1930 ukuza kuncedisa kunye neqela lababhali abaza kwiBaltic zalapho.

Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II

UMikhail Zoshchenko ekuqaleni imfazwe wabhala ingxelo apho wacela ukuba ukubhalisa naye Red Army. Noko ke, ulukhanyele - luthatyathwa azalufanelekela emkhosini. Zoshchenko kufuneka bathwale i imisebenzi anti-zwilakhe engekhoyo edabini. Oku kudala i manqaku okulwa imfazwe satirical kwaye uzishicilele kwiphephandaba, thumela kwi Radio. Ngowe-1941, ngo-Oktobha, ke babalekela uAlma-Ata, kunye nenyanga kamva waba umqeshwa "Mosfilm", besebenza kwisebe mzekelo studio.

intshutshiso

Zoshchenko ngo-1943 wawabizela eMoscow. Apho ke wacela ukuba athathe isikhundla "Crocodile" umhleli. Noko ke, uMikhail yala sipho. Sekunjalo, yena lilungu lebhodi umhleli we "Crocodile". Ngokwangaphandle, yonke into ibukeka kakuhle. Kodwa emva komzuzwana phezu kwentloko uMikhail uqala ngakumbi ukuba izokhula emafini: luthe lwancothulwa ukusuka umhleli ebhodini, bagxothwe ezihotele, evinjwa ukutya. Ukuqhubeka intshutshiso. Tikhonov N. S. kwi-SSP plenum nokuba uhlasela ibali Zoshchenko "Ngaphambi Sunrise." Umbhali ngokwenza ukuba uprinte, kodwa yaziswa umhleli ebhodini ze ngo-1946 "iinkwenkwezi."

Agasti 14, 1946 - lo apotheosis zonke ilenze zayo nitshintshane. Oko ke ngoko ishiya isigqibo Central Committee CPSU (b) loMthetho iijenali "Leningrad" yaye "Inkwenkwezi". Emva koko Zoshchenko bagxothwa Union Writers ', kwakunye evinjwa amakhadi ukutya. Ngeli xesha isizathu kokuhlaselwa kwakunzima zingabalulekanga - ibali yabantwana Zoshchenko ebizwa "The Adventures of nyani." Zonke iimagazini, izindlu nokupapasha iinkqubo kunye nakumaqonga emva kokuba ummiselo usula imvumelwano waqukumbela ngabo ngaphambili, lifuna ukubuyisela phambili ihlawulwe. Zoschenko Family iintlekele. Yena onyanzelwayo ukuba bahlale iinzuzo evela kwintengiso impahla imali lobuqu. Umbhali uzama ukwenza bezicathulo lemigulukudu. ikhadi ke ekugqibeleni wabuyela. Ukongeza, Michael Zoshchenko ipapashe amabali kunye satires (ngokuqinisekileyo hayi zonke). Noko ke, ukuze ubomi ngeli xesha kuyimfuneko kumsebenzi omkhulu wokuguqulela.

UMikhail Zoshchenko ilawula ukubuyisa kuphela Union Writers 'emva kokufa kukaStalin kaThixo. A isiganeko ebonakalayo kwenzeka Juni 23, 1953 - umbhali kwakhona bafakwa kwi-Union. Noko ke, oku akuthethi ukuphela. UMikhail Mikhailovich gqaba waphumelela eli xesha ukuhlala ilungu.

Meyi 5, 1954 isiganeko sibi kakhulu. Anna Akhmatova, waza wamenywa kule mini kwiNdlu umbhali, apho bekumele ukuba intlanganiso kunye neqela labafundi IsiNgesi. Umbhali phezu yathi esidlangalaleni ukungaboni labo kunye izityholo wacel naye. A nqanaba entsha zeSexual uza emva koku. Zonke ezi naziimbandezelo impilo yakhe ukwehluleka. Ishicilelwe ngoSeptemba 7, 1953 inqaku "Inyaniso ukuveza inyaniso" yaba umququ lokugqibela. Igama zombhali na ukuba ayisekho okhankanywe. Malunga neenyanga ezimbini ubukho zisabonakala. Noko ke, uMikhail Mikhailovich ngoNovemba ukunikela nentsebenziswano iimagazini ezimbini - "iLeningrad lwencwadi" yaye "Crocodile". Iqela lonke ababhali lisingisa lokuziphendulela: Chukovsky, Kaverin, Sun Ivanov, Tikhonov. Ngowe-1957, ngoDisemba, wakhulula "amabali Ekhethiweyo kunye neenoveli 1923-1956 gg.". Noko ke, urhulumente ngokomzimba nangengqondo umbhali iya isiba mandundu. Ukucutheka elibukhali amandla akhe ukuya emthonjeni 1958 Zoshchenko ulahlekelwa umdla ebomini.

ukufa Zoschenko

July 22, 1958 wafa uMikhail Zoshchenko. Kwanasemva kokufa komzimba wakhe yathotyelwa kwimeko ihlazo: ukuba akazange anikwe imvume ukuba maze ndimngcwabe eLeningrad. Uthuthu lweli umbhali ilele Sestroretsk.

UMikhail Zoshchenko ibali abazinikele inxalenye yokuqala yale nqaku okuphila, bashiya ilifa bokudala enkulu. endleleni Yakhe Umbhali kwakungelula. Sinikezela simazi kakuhle nendlela sazivelela ikamva yayo yendalo. Ukongeza, uya kufunda oko kwenziwa amabali Michael Zoshchenko zabantwana yaye ziziphi iimpawu zazo.

indlela creative

Zoshchenko ngokubonakalayo ukubhala emva kokuba exhaphaza ngo-1919. amalinge akhe okuqala amanqaku zoncwadi-ezibalulekileyo. I "Petersburg Almanac" ibali lakhe lokuqala ubonakala ngo-1921.

bazalwane Serapion

Iqela elibizwa "Serapion Bazalwana" Zoshchenko Uyabakhokela 1921 umnqweno abe ngumbhali yobungcali. Eli qela sengqondo uzilumkele ugxekwa, Noko ke, uPawulos phakathi kwabo Zoshchenko - "koyena 'nani. UMikhail Slonimsky wakhonza kunye iqhezu engundoqo, nto leyo ngqo iinkolelo ukuba kufuneka bafunde ukusuka isithethe Russian - Lermontov, Gogol, Pushkin. Zoshchenko ebhungeni iincwadi "zokubuyiselwa odume kunene," utsho Alexander Blok "Knight bobuso buhlungu 'yaye wabeka amathemba akhe kuncwadi kokuba bokubanga yobuqhawe. In "Alcon" ngoMeyi 1922, bakuza abokuqala lwencwadi Serapions, nayo yaba ibali yi uMikhail Mikhailovich. A "Amabali Nazar Ilyich, uMnu Bluebelly" - incwadi waba Incwadi yakhe yokuqala ezizimeleyo.

Iimpawu bobuchule yokuqala

School A. P. chehova waba uvalo kwimisebenzi zokuqala Zoshchenko. Oku, umzekelo, amabali ezifana "Fish ababhinqileyo", "iMfazwe", "Uthando" kunye nabanye. Noko ke, kungekudala bawucekisile. Zoshchenko ingqalelo engangqinelaniyo neemfuno kumfundi banamhlanje uhlobo olukhulu amabali amafutshane yaseChekhov kaThixo. Wayefuna ukudlala ngolwimi "izitrato lwesivakalisi ... abantu." Zoshchenko ingqalelo ngokwam kulowo mntu ubambele ithatha umbhali sabasebenzi.

Iqela elikhulu ababhali ngo-1927 kwenziwa isibhengezo ehlangeneyo. Xa isikhundla sakhe esitsha zoncwadi nobugcisa enabileyo. Zoshchenko phakathi kwabo wasayina. Wapapasha ngeli xesha oolindixesha (ingakumbi kweli phephancwadi satirical "laughers", "Hippo", "engaqondakaliyo," "Buzoter", "Amanita", "uMhloli Jikelele" kunye nabanye.). Noko ke, yonke into yahamba kakuhle. Ngenxa ibali elifutshane "Ibali krakra" M.Zoshchenko kuthiwa "yingozi yezopolitiko" ngo June 1927 wejenali inani "Hippo". Ngokuthe ngcembe wazithwala phandle ekuvalweni kwale hlobo iimpapasho. ELeningrad ngo-1930 yavalwa kwaye "uMhloli", le yokugqibela iphephancwadi satirical. Noko ke, uMikhail akazange anikezele ze ugqibe ukuba uza kuqhubeka ukusebenza.

ngamacala amabini udumo

Ukususela magazini "Crocodile" yena osebenzisana ukususela-1932. Ngeli xesha, uMikhail Zoshchenko ibutha ekufanisweni inoveli yakhe osihloko sithi "Ukubuya yobutsha", kwakunye ukufunda iincwadi amayeza, psychoanalysis kunye zomzimba. Imisebenzi yakhe baziwa sele kakuhle, nkqu West. Noko ke, udumo oku nobubi. EJamani ngowe-1933, iincwadi Zoshchenko kudandalaza ngokungqinelana autos Blekhlista zoluntu kaHitler.

imisebenzi ezintsha

Kwi-USSR, ngexesha nye Libhalwe kwaye ibekwe eqongeni comedy Michael Zoshchenko "Cultural Heritage". "Blue Incwadi", omnye edume kakhulu zeencwadi zakhe, Upapashe ekuqaleni ngo-1934. Ukongeza neenoveli, amabali amafutshane kwaye lidlala Zoshchenko wabhala kwakhona satires kunye neenoveli zembali ( "Taras Shevchenko", "Kerensky", "impindezelo," "Black iNkosana", njalo njalo). Ukongeza, idala amabali abantwana ( "Animals Smart", "Makhulu Isipho", "umthi weKrismesi", njalo njalo).

amabali Abantwana Zoshchenko

UMikhail Zoshchenko ubhale amabali nabantwana ezininzi ngayo. Baye zapapashwa ixesha ukususela 1937 ukuya 1945. Kwezi, abanye imisebenzi ngabanye, ngoxa abanye bemanyene kwimijikelo. Cycle "Lola and noMinka" ivuyela ukuthandwa mkhulu.

Ngowe-1939 - 1940. UMikhail Zoshchenko wadala olu ngcelele imisebenzi. isakhiwo sayo lilandela amabali ziquka: "Amazwi Golden," "abahambi ezinkulu", "Fumana", "iminyaka engamashumi amathathu," "Musani ukuxokisana", "galoshes kunye ice cream," "Isipho lukaMakhulu", "umthi weKrismesi". Kungabi ithuba munye kumjikelo omnye, uMikhail Zoshchenko. Version ezishwankathelweyo ezi mveliso sifikelela kwisigqibo sokuba unento ofana, ezizezi imifanekiso abalinganiswa abaphambili. Yinto a noMinka encinane kunye Lola, udade wabo.

ibali uvela ubuso zombalisi. umfanekiso wakhe akukho umdla ngaphantsi amaqhawe amabali Mihaila Zoschenko. Le omdala ukhumbula iziqephu efundisayo kunye ahlekisayo ukususela ebuntwaneni bakhe. Qaphela ukuba phakathi kombhali kunye umbalisi zifana (igama le elifanayo, kwaye kukho uphawu lwekhondo yombhali). De kwenzeka ngokupheleleyo kunjalo awufikeleli. umbalisi ngayo yahluke kakhulu ukusuka yombhali. Le fomu kuthiwa esibalisayo tale zoncwadi. Waba kolu suku kufaneleke ngokukodwa uncwadi yiSoviet Union nenani-20-30. Ngeli xesha, wonke inkcubeko olungaka eyahlukileyo ukulingwa zesimbo kweelwimi kunye.

Kula mabali, njengoko kuqatshelwe yi S. Ya. Marshak, umbhali ubusithelisayo yokuziphatha nje kuphela. Uthetha ngayo yonke ukunyaniseka kwitekisi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwisihloko imisebenzi ( "Musani ukuxokisana"). Noko ke, amabali le nto ayimenzi abe yayisetyenziselwa. ezihlekisayo okonga, soloko engalindelekanga, kwaye kuyingozi kakhulu, sizalwa Zoshchenko. Xa intliziyo uburharha esingalindelekanga uMikhail Mikhailovich i lumo nehlekisayo.

Namhlanje ethandwa kakhulu zininzi imisebenzi zabhalwa uMikhail Zoshchenko. iincwadi zakhe esikolweni, athandwa abantwana kunye nabantu abadala. Indlela uncwadi yakhe kwakungelula, njengoko, eneneni, kwaye isiphelo abanye ababhali abaninzi iimbongi ze leSoviet. Twentieth Century - ixesha elinzima kwimbali, kodwa ebudeni beminyaka yemfazwe ziye imisebenzi ezininzi eziye ziyahlonelwa iincwadi Russian apho. Biography yombhali enkulu uMikhail Zoshchenko, isishwankathelo ithemba lethu, ube nomdla kumsebenzi wakhe.