Tihonov uNikolay Semenovich: biography, iifoto

Tihonov uNikolay Semenovich, ogama engobomi kunxulunyaniswa kwisihobe eSoviet, ubomi bakhe kunikwa inkonzo nje kuphela imyuziyam, kodwa imeko yakhe. Abahlalutyi yoncwadi ngandlela asidlulisele kwi "kwenqanaba yesibini" neembongi Russian, lo gama i-imbongi na ilizwi lakhe, ixesha elininzi impumelelo zobuchule kunye nobuhle.

Childhood noSapho

November 22, 1896 eSt Petersburg wazalwa UNikolai Tikhonov, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane ichazwa ngazwi linye: "I Imbongi", kwaye ngonobumba omkhulu. imvelaphi yalo kwi akukho ndlela efuziselwa ukhetho yomendo hlobo kwixa elizayo. Wabonakala kwintsapho elula kakhulu nabathobekileyo. Uyise sokuguya elula, kunye nomama wakhe - Ndandingumthungi. ingeniso yosapho waba ngaphezu kwemali eqhelekileyo, ayifiki ngokwaneleyo ukulungiselela iimfuno kuyimfuneko. Babehlala endlwini edumileyo Morskaya Street, apho kanye kwakukho Pushkin kunye Herzen. Kodwa ngexesha Tikhonov yaba ikhaya amahlwempu: egumbini elincinane mnyama, separafini izibane, imeko ulusizana. Umoya apho imbongi elizayo bakhula, akazange abe nayiphi na indlela ukuyilwa nothando zobugcisa. Abazali ngokoqobo iipeni eqokelelweyo ukunika abantwana ubuncinane imfundo encinci.

ekufundeni

Tihonov uNikolay awafunda ngokubonakalayo ngokuzimeleyo ukufunda nokubhala iminyaka esixhenxe. Emva koko abazali bam bandifaka indlela wathumela inkwenkwe ukuba bafunde kwizikolo zikarhulumente kwi-Post Street Office. Wayekuthanda ukufunda, ingakumbi gqitha kwimbali yawo kunye nokwakheka kwaso. Emva koko waba nako ukuqhubekeka nemfundo yakhe esikolweni Trade, kodwa-15 ubudala kwafuneka uliyeke linjalo intsapho yayifuna uncedo, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba aye emsebenzini. Bafunde ukuba abuyele akuzange kwenzeke. Enyanisweni Tikhonov yaba self-efundisa, wazifinyezela ulwazi lwakhe iincwadi, ngumsebenzi umdla malunga kumazwe akude kunye adventures bamsa phezulu umsebenzi boncwadi.

ekuqaleni wendlela

Emva kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, Nicholas waya kusebenza umbhali kulawulo lwezoqoqosho yolwandle. Eli-19 ubudala, waya emkhosini, iminyaka emithathu ndasebenza Hussars, imbongi inxaxheba kwi iimfazwe leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Ngowe-1918, emva kokuba Oktobha Revolution Tikhonov zahlangana oluBomvu Army, kwisithuba seminyaka emithathu yokukhusela amalungelo karhulumente entsha Soviet.

bt umhobe UNikolai Tikhonov wabhala ekuseni kakhulu, eneminyaka eyi 18 ayibhala imisebenzi yokuqala. Incwadi yakhe yokuqala ukuvela xa wayeneminyaka engama-22 ubudala. Ngowe-1922, Nicholas waye exhaphaza ukusuka umkhosi kwaye yenza isigqibo sibi ukuba abe ngumbhali. Ngeli xesha ke izibandakanya avant-garde trend yoncwadi, uba iqela lombutho "Serapion Bazalwana" kunye nabalobi ezifana Kaverin, Zoshchenko, Fedin, Slonimsky. Xa ixesha Tikhonov iphenjelelwa ngamandla acmeism kunye Gumilev.

iminyaka impumelelo

Ekuqaleni 1920, UNikolai Tikhonov, ifoto idla tshe esendimbaneni Soviet, liqela neembongi zinetalente ethandwa kakhulu. Yena ipapasha lo mbongo "Sami" ingqokelela "mkhosi" yaye "Braga". Yakhe "ballad of izikhonkwane" ngokoqobo uyaziqonda izilogani kuchaphulo olu. Ukususela ngasekupheleni 20-imi- Tikhonov uhamba kakhulu, wayetyelela neCaucasus, Ukraine, Belarus, Uzbekistan kunye Turkmenistan. Wenza abahlobo abaninzi kwiimbongi esingumzekelo seeRiphablikhi emaqandeni kwaye kweli xesha yenza ezininzi iinguqulelo Georgian, Dagestan, Belarus, Uzbek, Ukrainian lyrics. Ngowe-1935 wathunyelwa eFransi ukuya Congress, "Xa woKhuselo wehlabathi." Njengoko imbongi iye luxhaswe kumgca iqela kunye norhulumente, uyakwazi ukupapasha kakhulu, ukuhamba, ukuthetha esidlangalaleni. Ngowe-1939, Tikhonov abhalwe kwakhona emkhosini, yena inxaxheba kwi-Russian-Finnish War njenge umbhaleli imfazwe kunye umhleli we "Ukumela le looMawokhulu". Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II wayesebenza kuLawulo Political of Leningrad Front. Ngeli xesha wabhala eninzi kwimibongo iprozi, nobuntatheli.

ngemva kwempi

Emva kwemfazwe, UNikolai Tikhonov, imbongi ubumi eqaqambileyo, unika amandla ukuba umsebenzi wentlalo. Ukususela ngowe-1949, koko wabubhekisa eSoviet Peace Committee, kwaye ke World Council Peace. Ngeli xesha, wenza kakhulu travel angaphandle baseYurophu China. Ukususela ngo-1944, esebenza usihlalo we-Union of Writers Soviet, waza ke wangena waya gaba yenkokheli lo mfelandawonye. Ukususela ngo-1946, kule minyaka yena kwibamba ePhakamileyo yiSoviet le RSFSR, eMoscow eSoviet. Ubhala kweli xesha, Tikhonov kuba ngaphantsi kakhulu ixesha elide umzabalazo kunye neentshaba lomgca Party. Ngowe-1947, yena athathe inxaxheba kumzabalazo wokulwa cosmopolitanism, bagxeke ethi "Pushkin and World Literature". Ngokuthe ngcembe lo iintlanganiso nto uyithandayo, ngeenkongolo nokwenziwa kuthatha lonke ixesha lakhe, oko izzhivaya imbongi.

lemveli enkondlo

Tihonov uNikolay Semenovich, ogama engobomi kunxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo kunye nabasemagunyeni Soviet, ekhohlo engenabutyebi kakhulu, kodwa umdla lemveli enkondlo. Emthwalweni yakhe ngaphezu kwe-10 imihobe, eyona idumileyo kuzo "bona" yaye "Expression". Uye wadala ingqokelela yemibongo copyright 10. Eyona langutana na "iibhaladi elinambini", "Braga" yaye "Shadow lomhlobo." Imisebenzi ye eminyaka yokugqibela kakhulu zipeyintwe ideology, leyo lathotywa kakhulu umthondo nexabiso lazo yokuluka. Imibongo yakhe bekusoloko ubuthandazwe abayinqobo kuye, ngehlombe yoluntu babonisa ngokucacileyo nangempumelelo. Emva kwemfazwe, ukhetha mxholo uphambili umsebenzi wakhe - oku ubomi kunye namava kuloo ndoda eqhelekileyo. Eli joni, unyana weentlanzi, umfama - imbongi ifuna ukuxelela ngeemvakalelo zabo ngothando lokhokho, umqaphela ubandakanyeka ukusekwa karhulumente enkulu amandla kunye nobulungisa zabantu.

iprowuzi Tikhonov

Ukongeza kwisihobe, wabhala Tihonov uNikolay kakhulu ukubhala, kwaye amanye amabali amafutshane nezincoko njengabongamileyo ngamandla amazwi akhe italente. iprozi kwakhe - ukubuyela article kumaphupha ebuntwaneni kunye nangeengcinga. Ngoko ke, eli bali "Vamberi" ithetha adventures Orientalist kunye umhambi. Amanye amabali bakhe kunye neenoveli zifana Rudyard Kipling. Tikhonov kudla ukuthetha malunga namanye amazwe, malunga umlo ubulungisa, ngoko imisebenzi yakhe nebutho omkhulu kwezemfundo, yaye ngokufuthi ukufunda ezikolweni. Ngexesha lokudla kwakhe yapapashwa iingqokelela ezisixhenxe namabali amafutshane kunye neenoveli, i langutana inkoliso "Isifungo kwi Inkungu," "Amabali iLeningrad", "Double Rainbow". Kule minyaka ilishumi yokugqibela Tikhonov wabhala iinkumbulo, baya kuphuma encwadini "Umbhali kunye xesha" ngo-1972. Of umdla omkhulu ilifa layo journalistic. Works kwexesha imfazwe, bahamba izincoko kwincwadi ethi "Oonothwal 'isixelela ubuqhawe abantu abaqhelekileyo, ukoyisa ngokwabo egameni izimvo.

Awards neempumelelo

Tihonov uNikolay uye ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuqatshelwe yi-Government of the USSR ngomsebenzi wakhe omzabalazo. Nguye kuphela umntu, ngaphandle li Brezhnev wawongwa uLenin Prize kunye International Lenin Prize "uxolo phakathi kwabantu." Ngowe-1966, waba umbhali lokuqala lafumana ngesiqu ka uHero Socialist Yabasebenzi. Izihlandlo ezithathu wawongwa i Stalin Prize, waba izihlandlo ezithathu anikwe Order of Lenin, Order of the Red Banner ka-Oktobha Revolution, kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, iLabour Red Banner. Kwakhona UNikolai Semenovich ibe nguye ofumana iimbasa ezininzi, kuquka ngamazwe, kabini wafumana Prize State.

indawo kawonke

UNikolay Semenovich Tihonov ubomi yonke kuye igqwetha lejaji phandle amandla Soviet. Wayedlala ukuba iinjongo yakhe lyrics bakhe, ngokunjalo nqwelo zikarhulumente ezahlukeneyo. Wayezixhasa umgca iqela le kumzabalazo wokulwa cosmopolitanism, kodwa ayizange ukuxhasa izityholo elibekwa Akhmatova kunye Zoshchenko kwaye ahlawulwa kulo kaMongameli kweManyano Writers. Kodwa ngo-1973 waba phakathi kwezinye ababhali usayine incwadi exhasa ukumangalelwa yiSakharov kunye nemisebenzi Solzhenitsyn i-anti-eSoviet.

impilo Personal

UNikolai Tikhonov, ogama engobomi yaziwa amahla ubugcisa ndinyuka yokuziphatha, waphila ubomi nempumelelo kakhulu, ukulawula ukuphepha ezininzi iingxaki silindele omnye iimbongi kwindlela ibe uncwadi. Wakwazi ukuya ngexesha leemfazwe ezine, kodwa musa wenzakele. Yena nabahlobo kunye ababhali abaninzi ixesha lethu, nasemva ihlazo indlu yakhe ukuba zisoloko M.Zoshchenko wayifumana umdla lobuhlobo. liqabane othembekileyo le mbongi uMariya Konstantinovna Nesluhovskaya. Wayengumntwana artist iminyaka emininzi wasebenza yonopopi. Umfazi waba nempembelelo enkulu kuphuhliso Tikhonov, enyanisweni, yena wayenza lokuyiphuhlisa kunye nemfundo, leyo akakwazanga ukufumana. Laba babehlala kunye iminyaka engaphezu kwama-50. Abantwana esi sibini akazange. Ngowe-1975, Maria Konstantinovna wafa, washiya kanye UNikolai Semenovich iminyaka emine. Imbongi wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni Peredelkino. Lo mbutho uthiywe kwisitrato Makhachkala.