Sezar Frank: engobomi, iifoto kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Extraordinary, engaqhelekanga, ubuntu eyahlukileyo French nehlabathi umculo - Sezar Frank. Romain Rolland wabeka emlonyeni hero wakhe, Jean-Christophe amazwi bomntu ngenxa yendoda. Ukholelwa ukuba uFrank ezulwini, asingcwalise, umculo, nto leyo enika ithuba kunye namandla ukwenza ebomini, phezu kwazo nje iingxaki ezingapheliyo kuye, ndideliwe wonke umsebenzi, indlela ecace umguli kunye nemiphefumlo ndithule. Ke ngoko, uncumo nabathobekileyo ukuba ukukhanya elungileyo yalikhanyisa umsebenzi wakhe.

ebuntwaneni

Sezar uFrank wazalwa kwintsapho German-Belgian ngo-1822, ngomhla we-10 kuDisemba. Uyise umqambi elizayo yosapho mandulo ngabapeyinti Flemish lentendelezo. Mhlawumbi yiloo nto kungekudala waphawula abaneziphiwo ezizodwa sonyana wakhe. Kodwa sasikhona mlinganiswa yakhe yemali wasisebenzisa eyabangela uyise ukusebenza isipho uFrank encinane ngenxa Iholo elungileyo.

Xa eneminyaka esibhozo Cesar engena somculo wesixeko Liege, nto leyo ipiyano kunye neklasi noqeqesho indlebe izidanga iimbeko kwiminyaka nje emine. Ngowe-1835, ikamva ibe organist kwi unjingalwazi edume ngokuvumelana Dassuanya umculo.

Bawo, ndiyamangaliswa impumelelo kwamnandi unyana wakhe, wamnika ngo-1835 kuye Ikonsathi ezimbalwa Aachen (kwisixeko unina), Liege kunye Brussels.

Paris. Impumelelo lokuqala

Ekupheleni kuka-1835 intsapho yakowabo yafudukela kwikomkhulu isiFrentshi. Apha mvumi oselula emva kweminyaka emibini izifundo zabucala kwi odumileyo uNjingalwazi A. Reicha engena Conservatory (1837). Kwaye ukuba ngabemi isiFrentshi Republic, Cesar waye wabhalisa ibe ngaphandle, kodwa Ferenc Liszt ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo kwiminyaka embalwa ngaphambili kwaye kange kwamkelwa.

Ukususela nge-1838 Sezar Frank qho ngonyaka iimvavanyo isidanga ngokuba iiklasi iziko, ipiyano, counterpoint waza wafumana ibhaso. Of ukhuphiswano kuba Rome Prize mvumi wala waza wamnyanzela utata wabuyela eBelgium, apho ixesha elide wabanika Ikonsathi njenge virtuoso organist, kunqabile njengoko nomdlali.

Ngelo xesha, kukho imisebenzi yokuqala lomculo Cesar. Ngowe-1943 - Piano Trio kunye nomzobo kamva ukuba ikamva oratorio "URute".

ngonyaka sokwahlukanisa izehlo

Uhlobo phesheya kuba umbhali kuchaza lukhulu ukuba Fifth Republic ngonyaka - 1848. Ngeli xesha, Cesar arhoxise ilungelo lakhe lokufuna umsebenzi kwikonsathi, iingxaki kakhulu malunga nokubhala kunye nokutshata. wayemthanda Felicite de Musso - intombi abadlali aziintloko Theatre of comedy French.

Ukuqondana umdla kukuba imini lomtshato kunye ekuqaleni revolution - ngomhla wama-22 Februwari. Abantu abasandul 'nokuba "Lucky" - Kwafuneka ukuhambisa umngcelele lomtshato nge ngothango ngabavukeli.

Ukuze ndondle intsapho yakhe, Cesar kufuneka ukuba banike izifundo zabucala akupheli. amaphephandaba ezininzi ukufunda isaziso sakhe zesindululo ukunika isifundo ubumnandi ithiyori kwaye aluncedo, kwakunye ipiyano, counterpoint kunye fugue. Oku, ekufunxeni umsebenzi bekudina imihla haunted kwakhe de kwasa ekufeni kwakhe lokoqobo yeli gama. Ukuya umfundi olandelayo, umqambi, ngokudlula omnibus, kwaba yintlungu apho wafa emva.

nezinga Flemish

Kungenzeka, wanika themba benendelelo yaye inkoliseko, nto leyo eyabangela uvelwano olungenasiphelo koogxa bakhe, kuquka nabantwana. Zonke iingxaki zobomi, esiwa phezu isabelo sakhe, awaba nako ukuyishukumisa imikhosi yomoya Cesar. Intaba ukuhamba kubafundi bakhe umqambi zicingeleka luncedo nokubuyisela impilo, ngabandayo kwiholo ekwenzeni indalo bakhe ingqalelo ngenxa ngezandla ezishushu. Umqambi nakho ukonwabela ze uyoliswe onke, nkqu iziganeko ezingemnandi.

Sezar Frank (ngobomi bakhe - proof) ichanile, uxanduva, unesisa lizolile kakhulu, nangona ukuba ngamnye imini yakhe obungabangeli mdla: ngecala emva kwentsimbi yesine umqambi wavuka, waza iiyure ezimbini "asebenza phezu" (njengoko ebememeza ixesha lokwenza ), ngentsimbi yesixhenxe wayesele kwi isifundo sokuqala. Frank wazifumana ekhaya kuphela sangokuhlwa. Ukuba, emva kokuba kubekho iiseshoni ezicwangciselwe, koko kwakhona ninikele ixesha kwiincwadi zabo. Loo msebenzi okunjalo kungekhona ngenxa sisityebi, kodwa ngenxa unobangela yobomi bakhe, ubizo kunye nokuzinikela nabo nangobungcibi esongamileyo kunye nabahlobo umqambi ebizwa ngokuba feat.

Ukuphelela uyazi akukho imida

Emva kweminyaka embalwa, uFrank, akaliphulaphuli uyise kwakhona wathumela kwikomkhulu isiFrentshi. Apha egqibile "Yakuva kwi Hill" - umbongo Symphonic esekelwe phezu imisebenzi Victor Hugo, kwaye lenze umsebenzi omkhulu kwi-opera, leyo wathi "uMkhonzi kwerente."

Ngowe-1853, uFrank Sezar yamkela organist kwi ibandla Saint-Jean-Saint-Fransua Dyu Marais. Iqala ithuba ukuphuculwa. iintsuku umqambi on isiphelo yandisa yokusebenza art, ezizezi ubuchule yelungu improvisation kunye ihamba.

Ekuqaleni kwenyanga yokugqibela ka-1859 imigudu yakhe avuzwa: iCawa Santa Clotilde ephathiswe ukuba singadlala khona, umzimba kuphela nje zigqityiwe omtsha umsebenzi odumileyo Aristide Cavaillé-Coll. Ukuze esi sixhobo Sezar Frank wachitha yonke imihla yakhe.

ubumi French

Ngowe-1871, uFrank wacela ukuba iklasi omzimba elikhokelayo, abashiya Fransua Benua. Imeko kuphela ngummi French, leyo Cesar neyamkelweyo. Embindini yasebusika 1872, uFrank waba yinkokheli esemthethweni kwiklasi - unjingalwazi yelungu kunokuba wabeka isiko elide, kamva eyabizwa ngokuba "kwisithethe enkulu." Kwaye njengoko somculo ikakhulu kugxininisa opera, udidi uFrank umqambi waba iklasi. Kwalunga uqeqesho nje kuphela abafundi ababhalise kwiziko lemfundo, kodwa ngumphicothi, ngubani wathabatha iindlela ezintsha zokufunda, esekelwe phezu kwemimiselo bobuchule uBeethoven kunye Bach.

Phakathi abafundi abaninzi Cesar organists nabadumileyo ngamazwe, kuqukwa Guy Roparts, Ernest Chausson, Vincent d'Indy kunye nabanye.

ukuqaphela

wafika woMdali kakhulu emva kwexesha. Kuphela 1885, umqambi odumileyo kunye organist, wafumana ibhaso evela iButho Ukuhlonipha, yaye kamva kunyaka wamiselwa umongameli we-National Umculo Society.

Ihlabathi ingqalelo weza kuphela emva kokufa umqambi ngayo. Kwaye namhlanje, umculo Sezara Franka na ayigcobi komphefumlo.

ilifa elikhulu

Ukuqala 1874 onesethi yokuqala yamaxwebhu iimveliso iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo wadala Sezar Frank. Imidlalo fugue, ubugagu ezininzi, ezaqanjwa ngepiyano, iziko, egumbini kunye nezinye ensembles.

iminyaka Student babeba kwimijikelo eliqela eyahluka-hlukeneyo ipiyano. Abahlalutyi bakholelwa ukuba asongezi kakhulu umculo, kodwa ubonise ezahlukeneyo ngezi nobuchule ekudlaleni ipiyano.

Ngelo xesha kukho Sonata enkulu kunye symphony lokuqala iokhestra epheleleyo. Ngokutsho amangeno buqu, oko lwenziwa e New Orleans ungadlulanga owe-1841.

Imisebenzi yokuqala ezinkulu - ezintathu kwikonsathi trio (nepiyano, cello kunye ivayolin), babebhalwa 1842 no-1843, ngokulandelelana kwazo. Ngokusemthethweni, ziyashukuxwa "íOpus yokuqala" umqambi. Liszt, ngubani umhlobo Frank, yabonakala wothuka yi ukuthembakala inxalenye yokugqibela abathathu kunye ngobudlongodlongo babezama ukweyisela umqambi oselula ukuba kushunyayelwe iindaba nje umsebenzi omnye, ngokupheleleyo. Hi ndlela leyi, Ferents uluhlu rhoqo ngaphandle Cesar inkxaso, ukunceda ukushicilela.

umsebenzi omkhulu, owokuqala iye banconywa ziingcali baba oratorio "uRute".

Kule 50 aphume usiba umqambi kaThixo 'ekuqaleni livela "ukusuka umkhonzi efama" (opera ehlekisayo) kunye "Tower yaseBhabheli" (oratorio).

Ngowe-1869, Cesar benza konke okusemandleni izenzo zabo, ngokutsho kubagxeki - oratorio kwiindawo ezisibhozo ekungqungqeni, orchestra bagqwesileyo kwabacula ngabodwa i "nkalo."

Sezar Frank "Panis Angelikus" ebhalwe 1872. Le umculo ibandla, ubeke amazwi mthandazo Fomy Akvinskogo. "Isonka abaziingelosi" (ngokuba okhestra, ndenze kunye CHORUS) wakhawulwa njenge njengenxalenye mass ibandla. Nangona kunjalo, kuye ithandwa kangangokuba oko ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ithathwe njenge isiqwenga elizimeleyo. Melody, eyabhalwa uCesar wazisa ngomthandazo, owayephila kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-600, udumo ehlabathini lonke.

"Six Pieces"

Yaba imisebenzi lokuqala elibalulekileyo umdali. Iminyaka emibini, ukususela 1860 ukuya we-1862, ukudala Sezar Frank wabo. Isandulela, Fugue kunye nguQu - imisebenzi epheleleyo elizimeleyo. Kubo, umqambi wakhetha imodeli sobuciko triptych, ngokutyibilikayo labona ballad yothando.

yee- emveliso

Ukususela ekupheleni kuka-1879 yaye ngowe-1886 umqambi iye ebhaliweyo. Ngaloo ndlela ke udale quintet for ipiyano. Phantsi kwimpembelelo Berlioz kunye romanticism ndabona ukukhanya umbongo Symphonic "lezingela Damn." I 'Jinn "(ngokuba ipiyano kunye okhestra), Chorale, nguqu Symphonic ukuba Piano kunye Orchestra. Kamva, Njengengabula kunye bendlela wabhala ukuba ipiyano kunye okhestra yi Sezar Frank. Sonata for violin kunye nepiyano wadalwa-1886 yaye ngqangi thaca ukuya violin isipho wedding grand E. Ysaÿe. Emva indlela kulogo Eugene idlalwe kumsitho soze Sahlukana nale indalo enkulu ukuphelisa ubomi.

Kabi baqonda uphumezo zoluntu Ikonsathi Conservatory ngowe-1889, sele basanda kugqiba symphony e-D minor. Kodwa waqhubeka ukusebenzela le nkampani uqinisekile kwimpumelelo umsebenzi wakhe Sezar Frank. Symphony e D Minor iye ingabi kuphela nje enkulu emva kokuba imisebenzi edume imisebenzi Berlioz kaThixo Symphonic, kodwa ezona kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XIX.

ezintathu chorale yakhe ilungu abhalwa. Ziye ke zithathwe ngendlela ukutshintshatshintsha le technics yomqambi.

I omkhulu hlobo yayo

Meaning imisebenzi Cesar ayikwazi nemikhuba. Wadala isikolo yakhe, nto leyo ebangele ukuba utshintsho olukhulu kwi isithethe zomculo French. imibhalo yakhe enza kucace ukuba umoya wesizwe - ayikho kuphela opera, yaye naye ofanele abaqambi ekudaleni umculo Symphonic ukutshatisa iklasi eliphezulu yaseYurophu eFransi.

Sezar Frank (isandulela, Fugue, kwabhalwa ngenxa okhestra, ayinike ukuqonda) yaphakamisa uhlobo ukuya kwinqanaba Bach. Njengoko genre ipiyano. Ezimbini series enkulu zobugcisa yakhe ngalo isixhobo ngebande elinye kunye sonatas odumileyo nguBeethoven.

iimvumi Outstanding, bexesha kunye nabafundi uFrank babecinga ukuba umfundisi obalaseleyo. Ngokutsho umdali umculo wamphulaphula E. Chausson, G. Roparts, Bizet, A. Dyupak, P. Duke E. Chabrier et al. Ezingenakuphela wayehlonelwa Cesar Debussy.

Sisemi phandle ngendlela ekhethekileyo umqambi email chromatic, ezamahala kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa kubo nonakkordov, imizwa of modulations zayo, ezintsha iifom elibujikele. Isifundo ulwimi harmonic ka Cesar wenza kube lula ukoyisa izizekelo umqambi elizayo.

ukwazi

Ubukhulu becala Cesar wadalelwa wahlala ifomu ngqangi. Kodwa isincoko ngalinye into ebangel 'umdla. Umzekelo, "Yintoni na ukuba uve entabeni" yeyona ithowuni isampuli mbongo kuqala umgca lwamaxesha ngqo. Hi ndlela leyi, ngesakhiwo efanayo Victor Hugo Ferents List kamva wabhala kwakhona encwadini.